Alcohol

Question 1

2 routes of ethanol metabolism

Answer 1

alcohol dehydrogenase

P450 system

Question 2

rate limiting step of ethanol metabolism

Answer 2

alcohol dehydrogenase step (converts EtOH to acetaldehyde)

Question 3

difference between dispositional and pharmacodynamic tolerance

Answer 3

dispositional- reduced effect and reduced concentration in plasma

pharmacodynamics- reduced effect at the same concentration in plasma

Question 4

describe the mellanby effect

Answer 4

appearing drunk at same BAC (when EtOH levels are increasing) as appearing sober (when EtOH levels are dropping)

Question 5

peripheral effects of ethanol

Answer 5

vasodilation (hypothermia), respiratory depression, fatty liver, erosive gastritis

Question 6

endocrine effects of ethanol

Answer 6

gynecomastia, testicular atrophy, lessened release of prolactin, GH, ADH; increased urine production

Question 7

methanol poisoning immediate cause of death

Answer 7

respiratory arrest

Question 8

mechanisms of toxicity of methanol poisoning

Answer 8

CNS effects, metabolic acidosis, retinal damage

Question 9

enzymes/metabolites of methanol metabolism

Answer 9

methanol (alc dehydrogenase) formaldehyde (formadehyde dehydrog) formic acid

Question 10

which has higher affinity for alc dehydrogenase: methanol or ethanol?

Answer 10

ethanol

Question 11

drug that blocks methanol metabolism at alc dehydrogenase step

Answer 11

fomepizole

Question 12

treatment of methanol poisoning

Answer 12

maintain airway, infusion of sodium bicarb, large dose of ethanol

Question 13

ethylene glycol poisoning should be treated with

Answer 13

fomepizole