SLD Identification Following the Dual Discrepancy/Consistency (DD/C) Method Using X-BASS

Question 1

The Federal Regulations provide three options for SLD identification. What is the most common Alternative Research-Based Procedure?
A.	Ability-Achievement Discrepancy
B.	Response to Intervention
C.	PSW
D.	None of the above

Answer 1

C. PSW

Question 2

True or False? All methods of SLD identification are discrepancy-based.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Which statement is true of the SLD construct?
A. SLD does not exist
B. SLD is unexpected underachievement that cannot be explained by exclusionary factors but rather underlying cognitive processing weaknesses that are limited in number
C. SLD is low achievement, the presumed cause is irrelevant
D. SLD is low achievement despite good effort

Answer 3

B. SLD is unexpected underachievement that cannot be explained by exclusionary factors but rather underlying cognitive processing weaknesses that are limited in number

Question 4

Naming Facility (NA) or rapid automatic naming is a narrow ability in the broad Retrieval Fluency (Gr) domain related to what academic areas in young children?
A.	Grammatical sensitivity
B.	Written Expression
C.	Reading 
D.	Listening Comprehension

Answer 4

C. Reading

Question 5

Which CHC abilities should be assessed for a student with word reading accuracy difficulties?
A.	Ga: Phonetic Coding
B.	Gr: Naming Facility
C.	A only
D.	A and B

Answer 5

D. A and B

Question 6

True or False? Cross-battery Assessment is synonymous with the Dual Discrepancy/Consistency PSW method.

Answer 6

False

Question 7

All of the following are common elements of PSW methods except:
A. Student has specific cognitive processing weaknesses
B. Student has academic skill weaknesses
C. Student has relative cognitive strengths compared to weaknesses regardless of where scores fall relative to most
D. There is an empirically established relationship between the cognitive weakness(es) and the academic skill weakness(es)

Answer 7

D. There is an empirically established relationship between the cognitive weakness(es) and the academic skill weakness(es)

Question 8

Doug Della Toffalo in the Best Practices in School Neuropsychology book referred to an ideal approach for response to intervention:
A.	Resistance to Intervention
B.	Response to the Right Intervention
C.	Equal Treatment for All
D.	Resiliency in Education

Answer 8

B. Response to the Right Intervention

Question 9

Which ability is not in the latest version of CHC theory?
A.	Gs
B.	Glr
C.	Ga
D.	Gc

Answer 9

B. Glr

Question 10

Cross-battery Assessment is related to measurement of abilities and DD/C is related to:
A. Measurement of cognitive abilities and neuropsychological processes
B. Measurement of specific academic skills
C. Eyeballing test scores to determine if there is an SLD a pattern
D. Analyzing scores according to specific criteria

Answer 10

D. Analyzing scores according to specific criteria

Question 11

Federal regulations allow three methods of SLD identification. Which is not one of the approved methods?
A. Ability-Achievement Discrepancy (AAD)
B. Inter-rater Hypothesis Testing (IHT)
C. Response-to-Intervention (RTI)
D. Alternative Research-Based Approaches (PSW)

Answer 11

B. Inter-rater Hypothesis Testing (IHT)

Question 12

True or False: According to Flanagan, RTI and comprehensive evaluations that include cognitive tests represent a continuum of data gathering methods for students who do not respond as expected to intervention.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Which cognitive ability’s conceptualization includes forming and recognizing concepts, identifying and perceiving relationships, drawing inferences, and solving problems?
A.	Quantitative reasoning (Gq)
B.	Learning efficiency (Glr)
C.	Verbal comprehension (Gc)
D.	Fluid reasoning (Gf)

Answer 13

D. Fluid reasoning (Gf)

Question 14

All of the following are Gwm narrow abilities except?
A. Attention al control (AC)
B. Memory for Sound Patterns (UM)
C. Audtory short-term storage (Wa)
D. Visual-spatial short-term storage (Vw)

Answer 14

B. Memory for Sound Patterns (UM)

Question 15

The ability to learn, store, and consolidate new information over periods of time measured in minutes, hours, day, and years is describing:
A.	Fluid reasoning (Gf)
B.	Short-term memory (Gsm)
C.	Learning efficiency (Gl)
D.	Comprehension knowledge

Answer 15

C. Learning efficiency (Gl)

Question 16

Speed of Lexical Access is part of which broad CHC ability
A.	Gl
B.	Gr
C.	Gv
D.	Gs

Answer 16

B. Gr

Question 17

Which statement is true of Orthographic Processing?
A. It is not a narrow ability in current CHC theory
B. It is important for reading
C. Students with orthographic processing deficits have a limited sight word vocabulary
D. All of the above are true

Answer 17

D. All of the above are true

Question 18

True or false? Phonological processing, orthographic processing, and retrieval fluency are all important for acquiring basic reading skills.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Which of the following would be considered an exclusionary factor for an SLD evaluation?
A.	Prescription eyeglasses
B.	Left hand preference
C.	Pervasive cognitive deficits
D.	Previously tested 24 months ago

Answer 19

C. Pervasive cognitive deficits

Question 20

True or False? Virtually all PSW models of SLD identification rely on discrepancy and consistency analysis.

Answer 20

True