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Positioning ll (mine) > Skull Positioning > Flashcards

Skull Positioning Flashcards

1
Q

For a typical skull (mesocephalic) how do the petrous pyramids project?

A

Petrous pyramids project anteriorly and medially at 47-degree angle from midsagittal plane (MSP)

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2
Q

For a Brachycephalic skull how does the petrous pyramids project?

A

Petrous pyramids project anteriorly and medially at 54-degree angle from MSP

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3
Q

What skull morphology is Short from front to back, broad from side to side, and shallow from vertex to base

A

Brachycephalic skull

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4
Q

For a Dolichocephalic skull
how do the petrous pyramids project ?

A

Petrous pyramids project anteriorly and medially at 40-degree angle from MSP

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5
Q

what skull morphology is Long from front to back, narrow from side to side, and deep from vertex to base

A

Dolichocephalic skull

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6
Q

Name some landmarks of the skull:

A

Glabella
Inner canthus
Outer canthus
Nasion
Infraorbital margin
Acanthion
Gonion
Mental point
EAM
Auricular point
Top of ear attachment (TEA)

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7
Q

where is your glabella

A

in between eyebrows

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8
Q

where is your inner and outer canthus

A

corners of eyes

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9
Q

where is your nasion

A

bridge of nose

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10
Q

where is your infraorbital margin?

A

below the eye

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11
Q

where is your acanthion ?

A

right below nose

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12
Q

where is your Gonion

A

angle of your mandible

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13
Q

where is your mental point

A

chin

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14
Q

where is your EAM

A

hole in your ear

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15
Q

Line from outer canthus to EAM

A

Orbitomeatal line (OML)

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16
Q

Where is your TEA (top of ear attachment)

A

where ear actually attaches

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17
Q

line from infraorbital margin to EAM

A

Infraorbitomeatal line (IOML)

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18
Q

line From glabella to EAM

A

Glabellomeatal line (GML)

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19
Q

what is the difference between IOML and OML

A

7 degrees

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20
Q

Perpendicular line between pupils of eyes
(one corner of the eye to the other)

A

Interpupillary line (IPL)

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20
Q

line from acanthion to EAM

A

Acanthiomeatal line (AML)

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21
Q

why do hyposthenic /asthenic patients usually need support to chest ?

A

To elevate cervical spine which helps prevent downward tilt of MSP

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22
Q

why do hypersthenic patients require radiolucent support at the head

A

helps prevent upward tilt of MSP

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23
Q

from mental point ( center of the chin) to EAM

A

Mentometal line (MML)

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24
Considered your radiographic baseline
OML (orbitomeatal line)
25
was once considered the reid's baseline
IOML (infraorbitomeatal line)
26
Essential projections of the Cranium:
Lateral -Right and left lateral positions -Dorsal decubitus position Posteroanterior (PA) PA axial (Caldwell method) Anteroposterior (AP) AP axial AP axial (Towne method) PA axial (Haas method) Submentovertical (SMV) -For cranial base
27
How is the MSP of the head in the lateral projection of the skull?
MSP of head parallel to image receptor (IR)
28
how is the IPL in the lateral projection of the skull
IPL perpendicular
29
how is the IOML in the lateral projection of the skull
IOML parallel to transverse axis of cassette
30
what is in profile in the lateral skull
Sella Turcica
31
CR for lateral projection of the skull
Perpendicular to center of IR Enters 2 inches (5 cm) superior to EAM
32
criteria for lateral projection of lateral skull
Entire cranium without rotation or tilt Superimposed orbital roofs, mastoid region and EAM Superimposed TMJs Sella turcica in profile No overlap of cervical spine by mandible
33
patient position for PA projection of the skull
Seated erect or prone MSP centered to midline Forehead and nose resting on table or upright Bucky
33
CR for lateral projection (dorsal decubitus ) for the skull
Horizontal and perpendicular to center of IR Enters 2 inches (5 cm) superior to EAM
34
What is the SID for all the skull projections
40 inches
35
lateral projection of the skull how is the body and head
head in a true lateral position while the body is not. The body is in more of an oblique
36
how is the OML for the PA projection of the skull
perp to the IR plane
36
How is the MSP in the PA projection of the skull
MSP perpendicular to IR
37
what is the IR centered to in the PA projection of the skull
nasion
38
how are the petrous ridges in the PA skull
Petrous pyramids fill the orbits with 0 degree CR angulation
39
CR for PA projection of the skull
Perpendicular Exits nasion
40
CR for the PA axial Skull (Caldwell)
Angled 15 degrees caudad Exits nasion
41
how are the petrous ridges in the PA Axial Skull (Caldwell)
Petrous pyramids lying in lower third of orbit with a caudal CR angulation of 15 degrees
42
How is the MSP in PA axial Skull (Caldwell)?
MSP perpendicular to IR
43
IR how is the OML in PA axial Skull (Caldwell)?
OML perpendicular
44
what is seen on the PA skull
Posterior ethmoidal air cells Crista galli Frontal bone and sinuses Dorsum sellae Petous ridges filling the orbits
45
what is seen on the PA axial skull
Anterior and side walls of cranium Anterior ethmoidal air cells and frontal sinuses Petous ridges in lower third of orbits
46
what does the angel do to the petrous ridges in the PA axial?
Angle pushes petrous ridges down
47
CR for AP Axial (skull)
Perpendicular or 15 degrees cephalad for AP axial projection Enters nasion
48
how is the MSP and OML for the AP/AP Axial projection?
MSP centered to midline MSP and OML perpendicular to IR
49
is the orbits more magnified in the PA skull or AP?
AP
50
how is the MSP for AP Axial (Towne Method)
MSP centered to midline MSP perpendicular
51
how is the OML and IOML for the AP Axial (Twone Method)
OML or IOML perpendicular
51
CR for AP Axial (Towne Method)
CR enters 2 ½ inches above glabella
52
where is the IR center for the AP Axial (Towne Method)
IR center at or near foramen magnum IR top border level with skull vertex
53
CR for AP Axial Towne Method (OML)
Directed through foramen magnum OML – 30 degrees caudal
54
CR for AP Axial Towne Method (IOML)
Directed through foramen magnum IOML – 37 degrees caudal
55
What should be seen on the AP axial Townes
Occipital bone Posterior portion of parietal bones Petrous pyramids Foramen Magnum Dorsum sellae and posterior clinoids within foramen magnum
55
what is within the foramen magnum in the AP AXIAL TOWNES for skull
Dorsum sellae and posterior clinoids within foramen magnum
56
what is the best view for the parietal bone?
Lateral
57
For trauma what degree would you use for the AP AXIAL Townes
Trauma use IOML at 37˚
57
Why do we do the AP axial (Towne method)
for the back of the skull the occipital bone
58
What are the structures shown in the AP axial (Towne method)?
occipital bone, posterior portion of parietal bones, petrous pyramids, posterior portion of foramen magnum, dorsum sellae & posterior clinoids within foramen magnum
59
Patient position for PA Axial (HAAS method)
Prone or seated upright MSP centered to midline Shoulders in same horizontal plane Forehead and nose on table
60
how is the MSP and OML in the PA Axial (Haas Method)
MSP perpendicular OML perpendicular to IR
61
CR for the PA axial (Haas Method)
Directed at 25-degree cephalic angle to OML Enters at a point 1½ inches (3.8 cm) below external occipital protuberance Exits 1½ inches (3.8 cm) superior to nasion
62
what are the structures shown in the PA axial (Haas method)
occipital bone, posterior portion of parietal bones, petrous pyramids, posterior portion of foramen magnum, dorsum sellae & posterior clinoids within foramen magnum
63
What is the PA axial (Haas method) considered
the reverse Towne method
64
What is the patient position for the SMV (Submentovertical projection)
- seated upright or supine - torso elevated if supine
65
What is the method name for the SMV
Schuller method
66
What is the part position for the SMV
- MSP centered to midline - IOML parallel to IR - MSP perpendicular to IR
67
how is the MSP for the SMV
MSP centered to midline MSP perpendicular to IR
68
how is the IOML for the SMV
IOML parallel with IR
69
What is the CR for the SMV
perpendicular to IOML passing through a point 3/4 inch anterior to EAM ( between angles of mandible)
70
CR for SMV
Through sella turcica perpendicular to IOML Enters MSP of throat between angles of mandible Passes through a point ¾ inch (1.9 cm) anterior to level of EAM Center IR to CR
71
SMV for the Skull on IOML
IOML parallel to IR CR perpendicular to IOML no degree angulation
72
What should be seen in SMV
Base of cranium demonstrating petrosal Zygomatic arches Bony nasal septum Foramina ovale & spinosum, mastoids Sphenoid & ethmoid sinuses Mandible Dens Occipital bone
73
criteria for SMV
Equal distance from lateral border of skull to mandibular condyles on both sides Superimposition of mental protuberance over anterior frontal bone Mandibular condyles anterior (above) to petrous pyramids Symmetric petrosae
74
How do you know if you tilt the head far back enough
enough you will see the shadow of the nose looking like a peak on a mountain
75
What makes up the nasal septum
the vomer and perpendicular plate
76
What must you get on for the SMV for the skull
get base of the skull
77
What is the CR angle and direction for the PA axial (Caldwell) of the cranium?
15 degrees caudad
78
Which baseline is positioned perpendicular to the IR on the lateral projection of the cranium?
Interpupillary (IPL) is sperpendicular for lateral skull
79
If IOML is positioned perpendicular to the IR for the AP axial (Towne) projection of the cranium, what is the CR orientation?
37 degrees caudad
80
To do the SMV what do you need
a chair
81

Positioning ll (mine) (16 decks)

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