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Positioning For Facial Bones Flashcards

1
Q

Essential Projections: Facial Bones

A
  • Lateral
  • Parietoacanthial (Waters method)
  • Acanthioparietal (reverse Waters method)
  • PA axial (Caldwell method)
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2
Q

What is the patient position for lateral projection of facial bones

A

upright or recumbent anterior oblique position (same as the lateral skull)

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2
Q

What is the part position for lateral facial bones?

A
  • MSP of head parallel with IR
  • Interpupillary line (IPL) perpendicular to IR
  • Infraorbitalmeatal line (IOML) perpendicular to front edge of IR
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2
Q

how is the MSP for Lateral facial bones

A

MSP of head parallel with image receptor (IR)

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3
Q

how is the IPL in the lateral facial bones

A

Interpupillary line (IPL) perpendicular to IR

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4
Q

How is the IOML for in the lateral facial bones

A

Infraorbitomeatal line (IOML) perpendicular to front edge of IR

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5
Q

What is the CR for lateral projection of facial bones

A
  • Perpendicular to IR center
  • Enters patient perpendicular on lateral surface of zygomatic bone halfway between outer canthus and external acoustic meatus (EAM)
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6
Q

Structures shown for lateral projection of facial bones

A

lateral image of facial bones in their entirety, with right & left sides superimposed

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6
Q

How is the IOML for the transverse axis of the cassette for lateral projection of facial bones

A

IOML parallel to transverse axis of cassette

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7
Q

What is the criteria for lateral projection of the facial bones

A

all facial bones in their entirety, with zygomatic bones in center
- almost perfectly superimposed mandibular rami
- superimposed orbital roofs
- no rotation of sella turcica

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8
Q

What is the other name for the Waters method for facial bones

A

Parietoacanthial

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9
Q

Parietoacanthial (Waters) facial bones is done?

A

PA

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10
Q

What is the part position for Parietoacanthial (Waters) facial bones?

A
  • rest head on tip of extended chin
  • rest head on chin
  • nose an inch way from IR
  • place orbitomeatal line (OML) to form 37-degree angle with plane of IR
  • Mentomeatal line (MML) perpendicular to IR
  • MSP perpendicular to IR
  • Center IR to level of acanthion
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11
Q

how is the OML in the Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial Bones

A

orbitomeatal line (OML) to form 37-degree angle with plane of IR

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12
Q

how is the MML in the Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial Bones

A

Mentomeatal line (MML) perpendicular to IR

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13
Q

how is the MSP in the Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial Bones

A

MSP perpendicular to IR

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14
Q

what do you center the IR to in the Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial Bones

A

Center IR to level of acanthion

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15
Q

Criteria in waters view for facial bones

A

Criteria: Equal distance on lateral borders,
Petrous ridges projected immediately below maxillary sinuses

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16
Q

CR for Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial Bones

A

Perpendicular to exit acanthion

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17
Q

Structures seen in the Waters (facial bones)

A

Structures: Orbits, maxillae and zygomatic arches

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18
Q

Maxillary sinuses should be above petrous ridges for Waters view of facial bones true or false

A

true

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19
Q

What is the patient position for Acanthioparietal (Reverse Waters) facial bones

A
  • supine
  • MSP centered to midline of grid
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20
Q

Acanthionparietal (Reverse Waters) facial bones means this projection is done

A

AP

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21
Q

what is the part position for Acanthiopariteal (Reverse Waters) facial bones

A
  • extend chin and neck to place OML at 37 degree angle with the plane of the IR
  • MML almost perpendicular to IR plane
  • MSP perpendicular to IR plane
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22
what angle is the OML at in the Acanthioparietal (Reverse Waters) Facial Bones
OML at a 37-degree angle with the plane of the IR
23
how is the MML in the Acanthioparietal (Reverse Waters) Facial Bones
MML almost perpendicular to IR plane
24
how is the MSP in the Acanthioparietal (Reverse Waters) Facial Bones
MSP perpendicular to IR plane
25
CR for Acanthioparietal (Reverse Waters) Facial Bones
Perpendicular to enter acanthion Center IR and CR
26
CR for PA AXIAL (CALDWELL) of facial bones
Angled 15 degrees caudad Exits nasion
27
how much will you angle for orbital rims (exaggerated caldwell )
For orbital rims, angle 30 degrees caudad (“exaggerated” Caldwell) elongates it
28
Essential projections for nasal bones
- Lateral (right/left) - Waters
29
done for blowout fractures of the orbit - places the orbits parallel to IR
modified Waters parietoacanthial Waters method
29
modify projection using less extension of the patient's neck for facial bones
Modified Parietoacanthial (Waters method)
30
CR for modfied waters
pendicular exiting at acanthion
31
What is the part position for the modified waters of facial bones
prone or seated upright - rest head on tip of chin OML 55 degrees with cassette
32
What does the modified waters demonstrates
petrous ridges projected immediately below inferior border of orbits and through maxillary sinuses - shows facial bones with less axial angulation
33
for modified waters what is resting on table
nose and chin
33
modified waters are done for what
to see the floor of the orbit of the eye better and to see below out fractures really looking at the orbits
34
What is the patient position for lateral projection of nasal bones
upright or recumbent anterior oblique (like lateral skull) - MSP of head horizontal
35
What is the part position for lateral nasal bones
-MSP parallel with tabletop - IPL perpendicular to tabletop - IOML is parallel with transverse axis of Ir
36
how is the msp in the lateral nasal bones
MSP parallel with tabletop
37
how is the IPL in the lateral nasal bones
Perpendicular to tabletop
38
how is the IOML in the lateral nasal bones
IOML is parallel with transverse axis of IR
39
CR for lateral nasal bones
Perpendicular to bridge of nose Enters at a point ½ inch (1.3 cm) distal to nasion
40
Collimated field for lateral nasal bone
field should extend from the glabella to the acanthion and 1/2 inch beyond tip of the nose
41
criteria for lateral nasal bones
Both sides are examined No rotation Lateral Image demonstrating side closes to IR Anterior nasal spine and frontonasal suture
42
What must you get on for the lateral nasal bone
Anterior nasal spine and frontonasal suture
43
Essential Projections: Mandible
PA – rami PA axial – rami Axiolateral and axiolateral obliques SMV
43
what is demonstrated in the waters for nasal bones
Demonstrates bony nasal septum and nasal bones
44
What is the patient position for PA Mandibular rami
prone or seated upright facing vertical bucky
44
What is the part position for PA Mandibular rami
Rest patient’s forehead and nose on IR
45
part position for PA Mandibular Rami
Rest patient’s forehead and nose on IR
46
How is the OML in the PA Mandibular Rami
OML perpendicular to IR plane
47
how is the MSP for the PA Mandibular Rami
MSP perpendicular to IR plane
48
CR for PA Mandibular Rami
Perpendicular to exit acanthion Center IR and CR
49
what is the PA Mandibular rami used to demonstrate ?
Use to demonstrate medial or lateral displacement of fractures of the rami
50
What is the patient position for PA axial Mandibular rami
prone or seated upright facing vertical bucky
51
What is the part position for PA axial Mandibular rami
- rest forehead and nose on vertical bucky - OML perpendicular to IR plane - MSP perpendicular to IR plane
52
how is the OML for the PA Axial Mandibular Rami
OML perpendicular to IR plane
53
how is the MSP for the PA Axial Mandibular Rami
MSP perpendicular to IR plane
54
CR for the PA Axial Mandibular Rami
Directed 20 to 25 degrees cephalad Exits acanthion Center IR and CR
55
what is degree of angulation for PA Axial Mandibular Rami
20 to 25 degrees CEPHALAD
56
Why is the PAaxial mandibular rami done
done to elongate the rami
57
What is the patient position for axiolateral and axiolateral oblique mandible
- seated upright in anterior oblique position - semiprone or semisupine
58
CR for Axiolateral Obliques of Mandible
Angled 25 degrees cephalad to pass directly through the mandibular region of interest Center IR to CR
59
how do you adjust the head if the ramus is the area of interest for Axiolateral and Axiolateral Oblique Mandible
Ramus = head in true lateral
60
how do you adjust the head if the body is the area of interest for Axiolateral and Axiolateral Oblique Mandible
Body = rotate head 30 degrees toward IR
61
how do you adjust the head if the symphysis is the area of interest for Axiolateral and Axiolateral Oblique Mandible
Symphysis = rotate head 45 degrees toward IR
62
part position for Axiolateral and Axiolateral Oblique Mandible
Lateral with IPL perpendicular to IR Mouth closed with teeth together Extend neck to place mandibular body parallel with transverse axis of IR Adjust rotation of head to place area of interest parallel to IR
63
CR for SMV mandible Perpendicular to
IOML centered midway between angles of mandible
64
for SMV of mandible what happens to your petrous pridges
condyle above petrous ridges
65
Essential Projections: TMJs
AP axial Axiolateral oblique
66
how is the msp for the AP Axial TMJs
MSP of head perpendicular to IR plane
67
how is the OML in the AP Axial TMJs
OML perpendicular to IR plane
68
what is the CR for AP AXIAL TMJS
Angled 35 degrees caudad Centered midway between TMJs, entering a point 3 inches (7.6 cm) above nasion
69
what two views do you always need to do for TMJS
One exposure made with mouth closed Another made with mouth open, if not contraindicated
70
what does the closed view for the TMJS show
Condyle slightly superimposed on petrosa
71
what does the open mouth view for the TMJS show
Condyle and TMJ articulation below petrosa
72
where do you center for Axiolateral Oblique TMJs
Center a point ½ inch (1.3 cm) anterior to EAM to IR
73
how should the head by positioned for Axiolateral Oblique TMJs
Rest cheek against grid device
74
how much should the msp be rotated for Axiolateral Oblique TMJs
Rotate MSP 15 degrees toward IR
75
how is the IPL in the Axiolateral Oblique TMJs
IPL perpendicular to IR plane
76
how is the AML in the Axiolateral Oblique TMJs
Acanthiomeatal line (AML) parallel with transverse axis of IR
77
CR for Axiolateral Oblique TMJs
Angled 15 degrees caudad Exits through TMJ closer to IR Enters approximately 1½ inch (3.8 cm) superior to upside EAM
78
degree of angulation for the Axiolateral Oblique TMJs
Angled 15 degrees caudad
79
What is the CR orientation for the SMV projection of the zygomatic arches?
Perpendicular to IOML
80
What is the CR orientation for the PA axial projection of the mandibular body?
30 degrees cephalad

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