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Positioning ll (mine) > Positioning For Facial Bones > Flashcards

Positioning For Facial Bones Flashcards

1
Q

Essential Projections: Facial Bones

A
  • Lateral
  • Parietoacanthial (Waters method)
  • Acanthioparietal (reverse Waters method)
  • PA axial (Caldwell method)
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2
Q

What is the patient position for lateral projection of facial bones

A

upright or recumbent anterior oblique position (same as the lateral skull)

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2
Q

What is the part position for lateral facial bones?

A
  • MSP of head parallel with IR
  • Interpupillary line (IPL) perpendicular to IR
  • Infraorbitalmeatal line (IOML) perpendicular to front edge of IR
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2
Q

how is the MSP for Lateral facial bones

A

MSP of head parallel with image receptor (IR)

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3
Q

how is the IPL in the lateral facial bones

A

Interpupillary line (IPL) perpendicular to IR

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4
Q

How is the IOML for in the lateral facial bones

A

Infraorbitomeatal line (IOML) perpendicular to front edge of IR

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5
Q

What is the CR for lateral projection of facial bones

A
  • Perpendicular to IR center
  • Enters patient perpendicular on lateral surface of zygomatic bone halfway between outer canthus and external acoustic meatus (EAM)
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6
Q

Structures shown for lateral projection of facial bones

A

lateral image of facial bones in their entirety, with right & left sides superimposed

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6
Q

How is the IOML for the transverse axis of the cassette for lateral projection of facial bones

A

IOML parallel to transverse axis of cassette

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7
Q

What is the criteria for lateral projection of the facial bones

A

all facial bones in their entirety, with zygomatic bones in center
- almost perfectly superimposed mandibular rami
- superimposed orbital roofs
- no rotation of sella turcica

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8
Q

What is the other name for the Waters method for facial bones

A

Parietoacanthial

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9
Q

Parietoacanthial (Waters) facial bones is done?

A

PA

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10
Q

What is the part position for Parietoacanthial (Waters) facial bones?

A
  • rest head on tip of extended chin
  • rest head on chin
  • nose an inch way from IR
  • place orbitomeatal line (OML) to form 37-degree angle with plane of IR
  • Mentomeatal line (MML) perpendicular to IR
  • MSP perpendicular to IR
  • Center IR to level of acanthion
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11
Q

how is the OML in the Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial Bones

A

orbitomeatal line (OML) to form 37-degree angle with plane of IR

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12
Q

how is the MML in the Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial Bones

A

Mentomeatal line (MML) perpendicular to IR

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13
Q

how is the MSP in the Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial Bones

A

MSP perpendicular to IR

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14
Q

what do you center the IR to in the Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial Bones

A

Center IR to level of acanthion

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15
Q

Criteria in waters view for facial bones

A

Criteria: Equal distance on lateral borders,
Petrous ridges projected immediately below maxillary sinuses

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16
Q

CR for Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial Bones

A

Perpendicular to exit acanthion

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17
Q

Structures seen in the Waters (facial bones)

A

Structures: Orbits, maxillae and zygomatic arches

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18
Q

Maxillary sinuses should be above petrous ridges for Waters view of facial bones true or false

A

true

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19
Q

What is the patient position for Acanthioparietal (Reverse Waters) facial bones

A
  • supine
  • MSP centered to midline of grid
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20
Q

Acanthionparietal (Reverse Waters) facial bones means this projection is done

A

AP

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21
Q

what is the part position for Acanthiopariteal (Reverse Waters) facial bones

A
  • extend chin and neck to place OML at 37 degree angle with the plane of the IR
  • MML almost perpendicular to IR plane
  • MSP perpendicular to IR plane
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22
Q

what angle is the OML at in the Acanthioparietal (Reverse Waters) Facial Bones

A

OML at a 37-degree angle with the plane of the IR

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23
Q

how is the MML in the Acanthioparietal (Reverse Waters) Facial Bones

A

MML almost perpendicular to IR plane

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24
Q

how is the MSP in the Acanthioparietal (Reverse Waters) Facial Bones

A

MSP perpendicular to IR plane

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25
Q

CR for Acanthioparietal (Reverse Waters) Facial Bones

A

Perpendicular to enter acanthion
Center IR and CR

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26
Q

CR for PA AXIAL (CALDWELL) of facial bones

A

Angled 15 degrees caudad
Exits nasion

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27
Q

how much will you angle for orbital rims (exaggerated caldwell )

A

For orbital rims, angle 30 degrees caudad (“exaggerated” Caldwell) elongates it

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28
Q

Essential projections for nasal bones

A
  • Lateral (right/left)
  • Waters
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29
Q

done for blowout fractures of the orbit
- places the orbits parallel to IR

A

modified Waters parietoacanthial Waters method

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29
Q

modify projection using less extension of the patient’s neck for facial bones

A

Modified Parietoacanthial (Waters method)

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30
Q

CR for modfied waters

A

pendicular exiting at acanthion

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31
Q

What is the part position for the modified waters of facial bones

A

prone or seated upright
- rest head on tip of chin OML 55 degrees with cassette

32
Q

What does the modified waters demonstrates

A

petrous ridges projected immediately below inferior border of orbits and through maxillary sinuses
- shows facial bones with less axial angulation

33
Q

for modified waters what is resting on table

A

nose and chin

33
Q

modified waters are done for what

A

to see the floor of the orbit of the eye better and to see below out fractures really looking at the orbits

34
Q

What is the patient position for lateral projection of nasal bones

A

upright or recumbent anterior oblique (like lateral skull)
- MSP of head horizontal

35
Q

What is the part position for lateral nasal bones

A

-MSP parallel with tabletop
- IPL perpendicular to tabletop
- IOML is parallel with transverse axis of Ir

36
Q

how is the msp in the lateral nasal bones

A

MSP parallel with tabletop

37
Q

how is the IPL in the lateral nasal bones

A

Perpendicular to tabletop

38
Q

how is the IOML in the lateral nasal bones

A

IOML is parallel with transverse axis of IR

39
Q

CR for lateral nasal bones

A

Perpendicular to bridge of nose
Enters at a point ½ inch (1.3 cm) distal to nasion

40
Q

Collimated field for lateral nasal bone

A

field should extend from the glabella to the acanthion and 1/2 inch beyond tip of the nose

41
Q

criteria for lateral nasal bones

A

Both sides are examined

No rotation

Lateral Image demonstrating side closes to IR
Anterior nasal spine and frontonasal suture

42
Q

What must you get on for the lateral nasal bone

A

Anterior nasal spine and frontonasal suture

43
Q

Essential Projections: Mandible

A

PA – rami

PA axial – rami

Axiolateral and axiolateral obliques

SMV

43
Q

what is demonstrated in the waters for nasal bones

A

Demonstrates bony nasal septum and nasal bones

44
Q

What is the patient position for PA Mandibular rami

A

prone or seated upright facing vertical bucky

44
Q

What is the part position for PA Mandibular rami

A

Rest patient’s forehead and nose on IR

45
Q

part position for PA Mandibular Rami

A

Rest patient’s forehead and nose on IR

46
Q

How is the OML in the PA Mandibular Rami

A

OML perpendicular to IR plane

47
Q

how is the MSP for the PA Mandibular Rami

A

MSP perpendicular to IR plane

48
Q

CR for PA Mandibular Rami

A

Perpendicular to exit acanthion
Center IR and CR

49
Q

what is the PA Mandibular rami used to demonstrate ?

A

Use to demonstrate medial or lateral displacement of fractures of the rami

50
Q

What is the patient position for PA axial Mandibular rami

A

prone or seated upright facing vertical bucky

51
Q

What is the part position for PA axial Mandibular rami

A
  • rest forehead and nose on vertical bucky
  • OML perpendicular to IR plane
  • MSP perpendicular to IR plane
52
Q

how is the OML for the PA Axial Mandibular Rami

A

OML perpendicular to IR plane

53
Q

how is the MSP for the PA Axial Mandibular Rami

A

MSP perpendicular to IR plane

54
Q

CR for the PA Axial Mandibular Rami

A

Directed 20 to 25 degrees cephalad
Exits acanthion
Center IR and CR

55
Q

what is degree of angulation for PA Axial Mandibular Rami

A

20 to 25 degrees CEPHALAD

56
Q

Why is the PAaxial mandibular rami done

A

done to elongate the rami

57
Q

What is the patient position for axiolateral and axiolateral oblique mandible

A
  • seated upright in anterior oblique position
  • semiprone or semisupine
58
Q

CR for Axiolateral Obliques of Mandible

A

Angled 25 degrees cephalad to pass directly through the mandibular region of interest
Center IR to CR

59
Q

how do you adjust the head if the ramus is the area of interest for Axiolateral and Axiolateral Oblique Mandible

A

Ramus = head in true lateral

60
Q

how do you adjust the head if the body is the area of interest for Axiolateral and Axiolateral Oblique Mandible

A

Body = rotate head 30 degrees toward IR

61
Q

how do you adjust the head if the symphysis is the area of interest for Axiolateral and Axiolateral Oblique Mandible

A

Symphysis = rotate head 45 degrees toward IR

62
Q

part position for Axiolateral and Axiolateral Oblique Mandible

A

Lateral with IPL perpendicular to IR
Mouth closed with teeth together
Extend neck to place mandibular body parallel with transverse axis of IR
Adjust rotation of head to place area of interest parallel to IR

63
Q

CR for SMV mandible Perpendicular to

A

IOML centered midway between angles of mandible

64
Q

for SMV of mandible what happens to your petrous pridges

A

condyle above petrous ridges

65
Q

Essential Projections: TMJs

A

AP axial

Axiolateral oblique

66
Q

how is the msp for the AP Axial TMJs

A

MSP of head perpendicular to IR plane

67
Q

how is the OML in the AP Axial TMJs

A

OML perpendicular to IR plane

68
Q

what is the CR for AP AXIAL TMJS

A

Angled 35 degrees caudad
Centered midway between TMJs, entering a point 3 inches (7.6 cm) above nasion

69
Q

what two views do you always need to do for TMJS

A

One exposure made with mouth closed

Another made with mouth open, if not contraindicated

70
Q

what does the closed view for the TMJS show

A

Condyle slightly superimposed on petrosa

71
Q

what does the open mouth view for the TMJS show

A

Condyle and TMJ articulation below petrosa

72
Q

where do you center for Axiolateral Oblique TMJs

A

Center a point ½ inch (1.3 cm) anterior to EAM to IR

73
Q

how should the head by positioned for Axiolateral Oblique TMJs

A

Rest cheek against grid device

74
Q

how much should the msp be rotated for Axiolateral Oblique TMJs

A

Rotate MSP 15 degrees toward IR

75
Q

how is the IPL in the Axiolateral Oblique TMJs

A

IPL perpendicular to IR plane

76
Q

how is the AML in the Axiolateral Oblique TMJs

A

Acanthiomeatal line (AML) parallel with transverse axis of IR

77
Q

CR for Axiolateral Oblique TMJs

A

Angled 15 degrees caudad
Exits through TMJ closer to IR
Enters approximately 1½ inch (3.8 cm) superior to upside EAM

78
Q

degree of angulation for the Axiolateral Oblique TMJs

A

Angled 15 degrees caudad

79
Q

What is the CR orientation for the SMV projection of the zygomatic arches?

A

Perpendicular to IOML

80
Q

What is the CR orientation for the PA axial projection of the mandibular body?

A

30 degrees cephalad

Positioning ll (mine) (16 decks)

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