Anatomy and Procedures of the Small Intestine Flashcards by Jennifer Gonzalez

Extends from pyloric sphincter to ileocecal valve

Small Intestine

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How long is the average adult length of the small intestine

22 feet

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What 3 portions make up the small intestine?

-duodenum
-jejunum
-lleum

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What is the shortest section of the small intestine?

duodenum

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What is the terminal (the end) section of the small intestine?

lleum

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What is the shaped and length of the duodenum?

is 8 to 10 inches long and C-shaped

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Small bowel is considered what kind of procedure?

A time procedure

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When will you take your first picture after given the barium for a small bowel?

About 15 minutes

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What ligament holds the duodenum in place?

the ligament of Treitz

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Portion that joins jejunum is a sharp curve called:

duodenojejunal flexure

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What is the first portion of the duodenum called

duodenal bulb

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What is the function of the small intestine:

-digestion and absorption of food
-absorbs nutrients

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What is the dietary for small bowel and stomach?

NPO

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How long does it take for the barium to go through the small bowel?

2 to 3 hours

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Average transit time to ileocecal valve

2 to 3 hours

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contraction waves by which the
digestive tube propels contents toward the
rectum

Peristalsis

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What four layers are move by peristalsisin the esophagus?

-fibrous
-muscular
-submucosal
-mucosal

Why are iodinated solutions not typically used for the alimentary canal ?

Iodinated solutions become diluted in the small intestines, so clear anatomic detail cannot be seen and it absorbs too quickly

What is the most common contrast for the alimentary canal ?

Barium sulfate
but water soluable iodinated contrast media may also be used

What do the villi do for the small intestine?

they are the ones that help absorb the nutrient

Before beginning examination, the
radiographer should

*Describe the contrast media and administration
(i.e., taste, enema tip insertion).
* Inform the patient that the room will be darkened
during the procedure.
* Introduce the patient and fluoroscopist to each
other.

What is peristalsis affected by :

body habitus,
pathology, use of narcotic pain medicine,
body position, and respiration

where is peristalsis greater in ?

*Peristalsis greatest in stomach and duodenum
* Slows in distal part of GI tract

what do you want for your time and kvp

-fast exposure
-high kvp

how much time does hypermotility require

0.1 seconds or less

normal peristaltic activity

exposure time no longer than 0.2 seconds and never longer than 0.5 s

what breathing technique are exposures made for a small bowel :

on expiration

When do you know you have completed the small intestine study and is time to go to the large intestine?

When the barium has reached the ileocecal valve or the cecum

Barium or other opaque contrast administered one of three ways

 Orally  Reflux filling via large-volume barium enema  Direct injection via a tube placed into the small bowel, termed enteroclysis

What is the most common way that barium or other opaque contrast is given

Oral method most common

Patient Prep for Small Intestine Examination

*Soft or low-residue diet for 2 days before study *Food and fluid withheld after evening meal on day before examination * Breakfast withheld on day of examination * Cleansing enema for colon may be administered

what three exams are timed

*IVU *Small bowel - decub abdomen

Termed small bowel series because several identical images are produced at timed intervals Each image identified with time marker indicating interval since ingestion of barium Images obtained with patient in either supine or prone position*

Oral method of small bowel

Why is supine used for oral method of examination

-To take advantage of superior and lateral shift of stomach, which improves visualization of duodenum and jejunum -To prevent compression of overlapping loops of intestine

why is prone used for oral method of examination

To compress abdomen and increase image quality

When are the images usually taken for the oral method of examination

First image usually taken 15 minutes after ingestion of barium * Next interval varies between 15 and 30 minutes * Radiologist inspects each image * Varies procedures according to individual *When barium reaches ileocecal region, uses fluoroscopy to obtain compression radiographs

When is the oral method of examination complete

Examination complete when barium seen in cecum * Typically 2 hours after ingestion in patients with normal motility

Essential projections for small intestine:

AP or PA KUB at time intervals

Patient position for PA or AP small intestine

Supine or prone

Part position for PA or AP small intestine

Part position  MSP centered  For 30-minute interval, center IR at level of L2  For delayed images, center IR at iliac crests

Criteria for AP/PA small intestine

*Entire small intestine on each image * Stomach on initial image * Time marker *Vertebral column centered * Complete examination when barium reaches cecum