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Positioning ll (mine) > Anatomy and Procedures of the Large Intestine > Flashcards

Anatomy and Procedures of the Large Intestine Flashcards

1
Q

Begins at junction of small intestine and ends at anus

A

Large Intestine

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2
Q

Forms an arch around the loops of small intestine

A

Large intestine

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3
Q

Four main parts of the large intestine:

A

*cecum
*colon
* rectum
*anal canal

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4
Q

How long is the large intestine

A

approx 5 feet long

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5
Q

series of pouches along large intestine

A

Haustra

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6
Q

Muscular bands that form haustra

A

Taeniae coli

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7
Q

Pouchlike portion below the junction of the ileum and colon

A

cecum

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8
Q

What is the right colic flexure?

A

hepatic colic flexure (liver)

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9
Q

What is the left cotic flexture known as?

A

Splenic left colic flexture (spleen)

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10
Q

Which colic flexture sits higher?

A

The left colic flexture sits higher because the right has the presence of the liver

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11
Q

Colon has four portions:

A

*ascending
*transverse
*descending
*sigmoid

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12
Q

Vermiform appendix attached to:

A

posteromdedial side of cecum

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13
Q

Sharp angle at ascending and transverse

A

right colic flexure

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14
Q

sharp angle at junction of transverse and descending

A

left colic flexure

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15
Q

Rectum extends from:

A

sigmoid to anal canal

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16
Q

Forms S shaped loop and ends at rectum at level of third sacral segmant

A

sigmoid portion

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17
Q

Anal canal terminates at the:

A

Anus

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18
Q

Function of the large intestine :

A

-reabsorption of fluids
-elimination of waste products

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18
Q

Large intestine is also known as the

A

colon

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18
Q

the types of contrast used for examination methods for large intestine

A

-single contrast
-double contrast

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19
Q

two-stage examination required what:

A

with barium first, then air or other gas after barium is evacuated

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20
Q

why is air needed for large intestine

A

to really see the polyp if suspected

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21
Q

Bowel cleansing methods

A

*complete intestinal cleansing kit
*Gi lavage
*cleansing enema

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22
Q

For Large intestine why must the pt. be completely emptied

A

Retained fecal matter can simulate small masses

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22
Q

What also may be used for contrast media of the large intestine

A

Carbon dioxide
*more rapidly absorbed

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23
Q

whose role is it to tip the pt

A

technologist can but if having a problem go to radiologist

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23
Q

Preparation for the large intestine include:

A

-laxatives
-dietary restrictions
-cleansing enemas

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24
Q

Always start off your barium edema study with what type of image?

A

Scout image to make sure the abdomen is clean

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25
Q

Barium edema is considered what type of study?

A

retrograde study

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26
Q

Whose role is it to put the barium and air in the pt

A

Radiologist

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27
Q

What temperature do we want our barium to be for a BE?

A

85 to 90 degrees
-temperature of suspension should be lower than body temperature
*can cause injury if too warm
*higher temperature uncomfortable for pt and decrease retention

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28
Q

how is the parts of the BE apparatus

A

*disposable soft plastic enema tips
*disposable enema bags
*balloon cuff (balloon inflated with air after insertion)
*special tip for double contrast to be able to insert air as well
* small tips if needed for younger pt. , or for pt that have strictures, fissures, inflamed hemorrhoids

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29
Q

Instruct patient on ways to minimize
discomfort during filling.

A

 Relax abdomen
 Deep oral breathing
 Communicate cramping so that filling may be
slowed or stopped

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29
Q

How high should the IV bag be?

A

18 to 24 inches
-no higher than 24 inches

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30
Q

What position is the patient placed for BE?

A

Sim’s position

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31
Q

What is the main reason we run the barium all the way to the tube or basin?

A

to remove air from tubing

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32
Q

Steps for enema tip insertion:

A

pt on left side
*roll forward 35 to 40 degrees and rest on flexed right knee above and in front of left knee
*adjust height of bag
*expose anal region
*run barium into basin to remove air from tubing
*lubricate enema tip
*instruct pt to take deep breaths

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33
Q

How far should the tip go in?

A

4 inches no more than 4

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34
Q

When should you inflate the ballon?

A

Once the tip has been inserted

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35
Q

Who’s in charged of putting the air?

A

the doctor

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36
Q

if barium is in the fundus how is the pt positioned

A

AP

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37
Q

if air is in the pyloric how is the pt positioned

A

Supine

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38
Q

what is the cecum connected to regarding the colon

A

ascending

39
Q

roles of technologist during enema

A

*be control of the clamp
* watch the tubing
*assist radiologist as needed
* help pt position

39
Q

when removing enema tube what should be done first

A

**deflate the balloon!!
*you can also put the bag on the floor below pt to release some of the barium so its less tension for pt before going to the bathroom

40
Q

if evacuation is inadequate at the end, what might help

A

pt may be given a hot beverage for stimulation

41
Q

After pt evacuates stool what do you do next

A

another radiograph is taken to check mucosa

42
Q

what type of system is the contrast BE

A

Closed system
-does not require removal and reinsertion of enema tip
*patient remains on table for entire procedure

43
Q

essential projections for large intestine

A

-PA
-PA axial
-PA oblique (RAO or LAO)
-Lateral
-AP
-AP axial
-AP oblique (RPO) (LPO)

44
Q

Anything that is PA is a form of ?

A

compression

45
Q

Yout must include the entire bowl or colon on what projection?

A

PA and AP

46
Q

AP oblique projections for large intestine

A

RPO or LPO

47
Q

AP or PA essential projections for large intestine for decub

A

-right lateral decubitus position
-left lateral decubitus position

48
Q

why does the right clic flexure usually sit lower than the left

A

bc of the liver

49
Q

CR for PA or AP large intestine

A

perp to center of IR
enters MSP at level of iliac crest

49
Q

part position for AP or PA large intestine

A

MSP centered to midline
IR centered at level of iliac crests

50
Q

the entire colon is best demonstrated on what projections?

A

PA and AP

50
Q

pt position for PA axial large intestine

A

prone

50
Q

part position for PA axial large intestine

A

MSP in midline
IR at level of iliac crests

51
Q

cr for pa axial large intestine

A

angled 30 to 40 degrees caudad
enters msp at level of anterior superior iliac spine

51
Q

criteria for PA axial large intestine

A

*No rotation
* Rectosigmoid area centered
* Rectosigmoid demonstrated with less
superimposition than PA
* Transverse colon and flexures not
necessarily included

52
Q

criteria for AP/PA large intestine

A

*No rotation
* Vertebral column centered so that ascending
and descending portions included
* Entire colon, including flexures and rectum
* 2 IRs may be needed for tall or hypersthenic
patients
* Exposure technique that shows the anatomy

53
Q

patient position for ap axial large intestine

A

supine

53
Q

what is the PA axial large intestine view for

A

rectosigmoid area

54
Q

part position for ap axial large intestine

A

*msp aligned to midline of grid
*IR centered to 2 inches below iliac crests

55
Q

cr for ap axial large intestine

A

angle 30 to 40 degrees cephalic

55
Q

criteria for ap axial large intestine

A

*Rectosigmoid area centered
* Rectosigmoid area with less superimposition
than in AP because of CR angle
* Transverse colon and flexures not
necessarily included
*Exposure technique that shows the anatomy

56
Q

patient position for PA oblique large intestine

A

*35 to 45 degrees RAO or LAO

56
Q

Which oblique best demonstrates right colic flexure, ascending colon and sigmoid

A

RAO

57
Q

which oblique best demonstrates the left colic flexure and descending colon

A

LAO

58
Q

part position for PA oblique large intestine

A

 Supported by flexed
knee and arm of
elevated side
 MSP centered to
midline
 IR centered to level of
iliac crests

59
Q

criteria for PA oblique large intestine
RAO

A

 Entire colon
 Right colic flexure
with less
superimposition
than PA
 Ascending colon,
cecum, and
sigmoid colon

60
Q

CR for PA oblique large intestine

A

 Perpendicular to IR
 Enters 1 to 2 inches
(2.5 to 5 cm) lateral to
midline of body on
elevated side at level
of iliac crests

61
Q

criteria for PA oblique large intestine
LAO

A

 Entire colon
 Left colic flexure
with less
superimposition
than PA
 Descending colon

62
Q

Patient position for AP oblique large intestine

A

35 to 45 degrees LPO or RPO

63
Q

which oblique demonstrates right colic flexure and ascending and sigmoid colon

A

LPO

63
Q

Which oblique demonstrates left colic flexure and descending colon

A

RPO

64
Q

part position for AP oblique large intestine

A

 MSP centered to midline
 Sponge supporting elevated side
 Dependent knee flexed for support
 IR centered to level of iliac crests

65
Q

CR for AP oblique large intestine

A

 Perpendicular to IR
 Enters patient 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 cm) lateral to
midline of MSP on elevated side at level of iliac
crests

66
Q

Criteria for RPO large intestine

A

 Entire colon
 Left colic flexure and descending colon

66
Q

Criteria for LPO large intestine

A

 Entire colon
 Right colic flexure less superimposed or open as
compared with AP
 Ascending colon, cecum, and sigmoid colon

67
Q

what position must the pt be in for cross table rectum

A

prone

67
Q

CR for for lateral large intestine

A

perp to IR
enters MCP at level of ASIS

67
Q

criteria for lateral large intestine

A

 Rectosigmoid area in
center
 Superimposed hips
and femurs
 Superior portion of
colon not necessarily
included when
rectosigmoid of
primary interest

68
Q

for double contrast studies for right or left lateral decubitus what is the side of interest

A

air or side “up”

69
Q

what decubitus position demonstrates medial side of ascending colon and lateral side of descending colon

A

right lateral decubitus

70
Q

CR for AP/PA large intestin R or LF lateral decubitus

A

 Horizontal and perpendicular to IR
 Enters midline of body at level of iliac crests

70
Q

part position for AP/PA Large Intestine
Right or Left Lateral Decubitus

A

 Body elevated on
radiolucent support
to center MSP to
midline of grid
 IR centered to level
of iliac crests

71
Q

what decubitus position demonstrates lateral side of ascending colon and medial side of descending colon

A

left lateral decubitus

71
Q

patient position for AP/PA Large Intestine
Right or Left Lateral Decubitus

A

 Recumbent lateral
 Back or abdomen in
contact with grid

72
Q

criteria for Left/Right Lateral Decubitus Position
Large Intestine

A

 Area from the left colic flexure to the rectum
 No rotation; evidenced by symmetry of the
ribs and pelvis
 Single-contrast: barium penetrated
 Double-contrast: air side of interest and
should not be overpenetrated

73
Q

Overhead lateral shows what

A

no lines

74
Q

straight lines show you what

A

air and fluid levels
decub

74
Q

Rectosigmoid is best demonstrated with what views:

A

-PA axial
-AP axial
-Lateral projection

75
Q

What oblique shows the right colic flexure and ascending colon

A

PA oblique RAO or LPO

76
Q

What oblique shows the left colic flexture and descending colon

A

PA oblique LAO or RPO

77
Q

Axial views are for what?

A

the rectum and sigmoid

78
Q

What views show the rectum and sigmoid?

A

-lateral
-lateral decub
-axial views

79
Q

Axial view how do you angle for PA

A

PA angle down 30 to 40 degrees caudad

80
Q

Axial view how do you angle for AP

A

AP angle up 30 to 40 degrees cephalic

81
Q

Do not need to get flictures on

A

lateral rectum and axial views

82
Q

side with air is being best demonstrated

A

decub

83
Q

A right lateral decub show

A

air going to the medial aspect of ascending colon and the lateral aspect of the descending colon

84
Q

A left lateral decub show

A

air goes to the lateral aspect of the ascending colon and medial aspect of the descending colon

85
Q

After done with image you might do an upright for what

A

mobility

86
Q

Post evac is usually what

A

the whole abdomen AP or PA

Positioning ll (mine) (16 decks)

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