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Positioning ll (mine) > Anatomy and Procedures of the Large Intestine > Flashcards

Anatomy and Procedures of the Large Intestine Flashcards

1
Q

Begins at junction of small intestine and ends at anus

A

Large Intestine

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2
Q

Forms an arch around the loops of small intestine

A

Large intestine

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3
Q

Four main parts of the large intestine:

A

*cecum
*colon
* rectum
*anal canal

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4
Q

How long is the large intestine

A

approx 5 feet long

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5
Q

series of pouches along large intestine

A

Haustra

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6
Q

Muscular bands that form haustra

A

Taeniae coli

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7
Q

Pouchlike portion below the junction of the ileum and colon

A

cecum

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8
Q

What is the right colic flexure?

A

hepatic colic flexure (liver)

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9
Q

What is the left cotic flexture known as?

A

Splenic left colic flexture (spleen)

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10
Q

Which colic flexture sits higher?

A

The left colic flexture sits higher because the right has the presence of the liver

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11
Q

Colon has four portions:

A

*ascending
*transverse
*descending
*sigmoid

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12
Q

Vermiform appendix attached to:

A

posteromdedial side of cecum

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13
Q

Sharp angle at ascending and transverse

A

right colic flexure

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14
Q

sharp angle at junction of transverse and descending

A

left colic flexure

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15
Q

Rectum extends from:

A

sigmoid to anal canal

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16
Q

Forms S shaped loop and ends at rectum at level of third sacral segmant

A

sigmoid portion

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17
Q

Anal canal terminates at the:

A

Anus

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18
Q

Function of the large intestine :

A

-reabsorption of fluids
-elimination of waste products

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18
Q

Large intestine is also known as the

A

colon

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18
Q

the types of contrast used for examination methods for large intestine

A

-single contrast
-double contrast

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19
Q

two-stage examination required what:

A

with barium first, then air or other gas after barium is evacuated

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20
Q

why is air needed for large intestine

A

to really see the polyp if suspected

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21
Q

Bowel cleansing methods

A

*complete intestinal cleansing kit
*Gi lavage
*cleansing enema

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22
Q

For Large intestine why must the pt. be completely emptied

A

Retained fecal matter can simulate small masses

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22
What also may be used for contrast media of the large intestine
Carbon dioxide *more rapidly absorbed
23
whose role is it to tip the pt
technologist can but if having a problem go to radiologist
23
Preparation for the large intestine include:
-laxatives -dietary restrictions -cleansing enemas
24
Always start off your barium edema study with what type of image?
Scout image to make sure the abdomen is clean
25
Barium edema is considered what type of study?
retrograde study
26
Whose role is it to put the barium and air in the pt
Radiologist
27
What temperature do we want our barium to be for a BE?
85 to 90 degrees -temperature of suspension should be lower than body temperature *can cause injury if too warm *higher temperature uncomfortable for pt and decrease retention
28
how is the parts of the BE apparatus
*disposable soft plastic enema tips *disposable enema bags *balloon cuff (balloon inflated with air after insertion) *special tip for double contrast to be able to insert air as well * small tips if needed for younger pt. , or for pt that have strictures, fissures, inflamed hemorrhoids
29
Instruct patient on ways to minimize discomfort during filling.
 Relax abdomen  Deep oral breathing  Communicate cramping so that filling may be slowed or stopped
29
How high should the IV bag be?
18 to 24 inches -no higher than 24 inches
30
What position is the patient placed for BE?
Sim's position
31
What is the main reason we run the barium all the way to the tube or basin?
to remove air from tubing
32
Steps for enema tip insertion:
pt on left side *roll forward 35 to 40 degrees and rest on flexed right knee above and in front of left knee *adjust height of bag *expose anal region *run barium into basin to remove air from tubing *lubricate enema tip *instruct pt to take deep breaths
33
How far should the tip go in?
4 inches no more than 4
34
When should you inflate the ballon?
Once the tip has been inserted
35
Who's in charged of putting the air?
the doctor
36
if barium is in the fundus how is the pt positioned
AP
37
if air is in the pyloric how is the pt positioned
Supine
38
what is the cecum connected to regarding the colon
ascending
39
roles of technologist during enema
*be control of the clamp * watch the tubing *assist radiologist as needed * help pt position
39
when removing enema tube what should be done first
**deflate the balloon!! *you can also put the bag on the floor below pt to release some of the barium so its less tension for pt before going to the bathroom
40
if evacuation is inadequate at the end, what might help
pt may be given a hot beverage for stimulation
41
After pt evacuates stool what do you do next
another radiograph is taken to check mucosa
42
what type of system is the contrast BE
Closed system -does not require removal and reinsertion of enema tip *patient remains on table for entire procedure
43
essential projections for large intestine
-PA -PA axial -PA oblique (RAO or LAO) -Lateral -AP -AP axial -AP oblique (RPO) (LPO)
44
Anything that is PA is a form of ?
compression
45
Yout must include the entire bowl or colon on what projection?
PA and AP
46
AP oblique projections for large intestine
RPO or LPO
47
AP or PA essential projections for large intestine for decub
-right lateral decubitus position -left lateral decubitus position
48
why does the right clic flexure usually sit lower than the left
bc of the liver
49
CR for PA or AP large intestine
perp to center of IR enters MSP at level of iliac crest
49
part position for AP or PA large intestine
MSP centered to midline IR centered at level of iliac crests
50
the entire colon is best demonstrated on what projections?
PA and AP
50
pt position for PA axial large intestine
prone
50
part position for PA axial large intestine
MSP in midline IR at level of iliac crests
51
cr for pa axial large intestine
angled 30 to 40 degrees caudad enters msp at level of anterior superior iliac spine
51
criteria for PA axial large intestine
*No rotation * Rectosigmoid area centered * Rectosigmoid demonstrated with less superimposition than PA * Transverse colon and flexures not necessarily included
52
criteria for AP/PA large intestine
*No rotation * Vertebral column centered so that ascending and descending portions included * Entire colon, including flexures and rectum * 2 IRs may be needed for tall or hypersthenic patients * Exposure technique that shows the anatomy
53
patient position for ap axial large intestine
supine
53
what is the PA axial large intestine view for
rectosigmoid area
54
part position for ap axial large intestine
*msp aligned to midline of grid *IR centered to 2 inches below iliac crests
55
cr for ap axial large intestine
angle 30 to 40 degrees cephalic
55
criteria for ap axial large intestine
*Rectosigmoid area centered * Rectosigmoid area with less superimposition than in AP because of CR angle * Transverse colon and flexures not necessarily included *Exposure technique that shows the anatomy
56
patient position for PA oblique large intestine
*35 to 45 degrees RAO or LAO
56
Which oblique best demonstrates right colic flexure, ascending colon and sigmoid
RAO
57
which oblique best demonstrates the left colic flexure and descending colon
LAO
58
part position for PA oblique large intestine
 Supported by flexed knee and arm of elevated side  MSP centered to midline  IR centered to level of iliac crests
59
criteria for PA oblique large intestine RAO
 Entire colon  Right colic flexure with less superimposition than PA  Ascending colon, cecum, and sigmoid colon
60
CR for PA oblique large intestine
 Perpendicular to IR  Enters 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 cm) lateral to midline of body on elevated side at level of iliac crests
61
criteria for PA oblique large intestine LAO
 Entire colon  Left colic flexure with less superimposition than PA  Descending colon
62
Patient position for AP oblique large intestine
35 to 45 degrees LPO or RPO
63
which oblique demonstrates right colic flexure and ascending and sigmoid colon
LPO
63
Which oblique demonstrates left colic flexure and descending colon
RPO
64
part position for AP oblique large intestine
 MSP centered to midline  Sponge supporting elevated side  Dependent knee flexed for support  IR centered to level of iliac crests
65
CR for AP oblique large intestine
 Perpendicular to IR  Enters patient 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 cm) lateral to midline of MSP on elevated side at level of iliac crests
66
Criteria for RPO large intestine
 Entire colon  Left colic flexure and descending colon
66
Criteria for LPO large intestine
 Entire colon  Right colic flexure less superimposed or open as compared with AP  Ascending colon, cecum, and sigmoid colon
67
what position must the pt be in for cross table rectum
prone
67
CR for for lateral large intestine
perp to IR enters MCP at level of ASIS
67
criteria for lateral large intestine
 Rectosigmoid area in center  Superimposed hips and femurs  Superior portion of colon not necessarily included when rectosigmoid of primary interest
68
for double contrast studies for right or left lateral decubitus what is the side of interest
air or side “up”
69
what decubitus position demonstrates medial side of ascending colon and lateral side of descending colon
right lateral decubitus
70
CR for AP/PA large intestin R or LF lateral decubitus
 Horizontal and perpendicular to IR  Enters midline of body at level of iliac crests
70
part position for AP/PA Large Intestine Right or Left Lateral Decubitus
 Body elevated on radiolucent support to center MSP to midline of grid  IR centered to level of iliac crests
71
what decubitus position demonstrates lateral side of ascending colon and medial side of descending colon
left lateral decubitus
71
patient position for AP/PA Large Intestine Right or Left Lateral Decubitus
 Recumbent lateral  Back or abdomen in contact with grid
72
criteria for Left/Right Lateral Decubitus Position Large Intestine
 Area from the left colic flexure to the rectum  No rotation; evidenced by symmetry of the ribs and pelvis  Single-contrast: barium penetrated  Double-contrast: air side of interest and should not be overpenetrated
73
Overhead lateral shows what
no lines
74
straight lines show you what
air and fluid levels decub
74
Rectosigmoid is best demonstrated with what views:
-PA axial -AP axial -Lateral projection
75
What oblique shows the right colic flexure and ascending colon
PA oblique RAO or LPO
76
What oblique shows the left colic flexture and descending colon
PA oblique LAO or RPO
77
Axial views are for what?
the rectum and sigmoid
78
What views show the rectum and sigmoid?
-lateral -lateral decub -axial views
79
Axial view how do you angle for PA
PA angle down 30 to 40 degrees caudad
80
Axial view how do you angle for AP
AP angle up 30 to 40 degrees cephalic
81
Do not need to get flictures on
lateral rectum and axial views
82
side with air is being best demonstrated
decub
83
A right lateral decub show
air going to the medial aspect of ascending colon and the lateral aspect of the descending colon
84
A left lateral decub show
air goes to the lateral aspect of the ascending colon and medial aspect of the descending colon
85
After done with image you might do an upright for what
mobility
86
Post evac is usually what
the whole abdomen AP or PA

Positioning ll (mine) (16 decks)

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