Abdomen Review Flashcards
the abdominopelvic cavity extends from what
extends from diaphragm to bony pelvis
the abdominopelvic consists of two parts:
- abdominal cavity (the larger superior cavity)
- pelvic cavity
below the diaphragm is considered what type of cavity
abdominal cavity
abdominal cavity contains:
- stomach
- small intestine
- large intestine
- liver
- gallbladder
- spleen
- pancreas
- kidneys
pelvic cavity contains:
- rectum
- sigmoid
- urinary bladder
- reproductive organs
considered to be at the level of your elbow
gallbladder
you can live without it
spleen
doubled-walled membranous sac that encloses the cavity
peritoneum
what is the inner layer considered (organs)
visceral peritoneum
what is the outer layer considered (abdominal wall)
parietal peritoneum
space behind peritoneum
retroperitoneum
kidneys and pancreas lie in this space
Retroperitoneum
Abdomen x-rays are known as:
- flat plate abdomen
- KUB
- scout abdomen
- AP supine abdomen
What does a KUB x-ray stand for:
kidneys, ureters, and bladder
What must you see in abdomen x-ray
- lower liver border
- psoas muscles
- kidneys
- ribs
- transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
largest organ
the liver
what is the breathing technique for abdomen x-ray
exposure done on expiration
what is presence of free air called
pneumoperitoneum
What must you include for the AP abdomen supine?
include pubic symphysis on
For AP abdomen upright what must you include
diaphragm
Where do you center for AP abdomen supine
perpendicular to IR enters patient on midsagittal plane (MSP) at level of iliac crests
Where do you center for the AP abdomen upright?
IR centered 2 inches above iliac crests
What does the AP abdomen upright show
air or fluid levels
Why would you do PA instead of a AP abdomen
reduces gonadal dose and brings lowest dose
When doing PA abdomen how does the marker look
marker looks upside down or reverse
performed in place of upright in position for patients who are too ill to stand
- shows free air
AP abdomen left lateral decubitus
Why would you do a left lateral decub for AP abdomen
because the liver is on the right side
- you would put left side down
For AP abdomen left lateral decub where do you center
central ray horizontal and perpendicular to iliac crest but to include diaphragm center 2 inches above iliac crest
how does air and fluid levels move
air moves up
fluid moves down
where do you center for lateral abdomen dorsal decub
center 2 inches above iliac crests
- affected side closer to IR
what projections will demonstrate a pneumoperitoneum (air)
- Upright AP projection
- Left lateral decub
- Dorsal decub
what doesn’t show air or fluid levels
lateral abdomen
