Skull Osteology Flashcards
1
Q
cribriform plate
A
in ethmoid bone
olfactory nerve bundles (CN I)
2
Q
optic canal
A
Optic Nerve (CN II) Ophthalmic artery
3
Q
superior orbital fissure
A
- Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)
- Trochlear N (CN IV)
- Trigeminal N, ophthalmic branch (CN V,1) : lacrimal, frontal, nasociliary branches
- Abducens N (CN VI)
- Superior ophthalmic vein
4
Q
foramen rotundum
A
Trigeminal N., Maxillary branch (CN V,2)
5
Q
foramen ovale
A
- Trigeminal N., Mandibular branch (CN V,3)
- Accessory meningeal artery
- lesser petrosal n (occasionally)
6
Q
foramen spinosum
A
- middle meningeal a/v
- meningeal branch of mandibular n (CN V,3)
“spinosum” bc spine of sphenoid bone
7
Q
foramen lacerum
A
greater petrosal nerve crosses this space
8
Q
carotid canal
A
- internal carotid artery
- internal carotid nerve plexus
9
Q
internal acoustic meatus
A
- pt of the temporal bone
- Facial N (CN VII)
- Vestibulocochlear N (CN VIII)
- labyrinthine a
10
Q
jugular foramen
A
- inferior petrosal venous sinus
- Glossopharyngeal N (CN IX)
- Vagus N (CN X)
- Accessory N (CN XI)
- sigmoid venous sinus
- posterior meningeal artery
11
Q
hypoglossal canal
A
- Hypoglossal N (CN XII)
12
Q
foramen magnum
A
- medulla oblongata
- meninges
- vertebral arteries
- meningeal branches of vertebral arteries
- spinal roots of accessory nerves
13
Q
what bones make up the orbit?
A
- orbital plate of frontal bone
- greater wing of sphenoid
- lesser wing of sphenoid
- orbital plate of ethmoid bone
- lacrimal bone
- orbital plate of maxilla
- orbital plate of zygomatic bone
14
Q
sutures of the palate (and the bones forming them)
A
Medial palatine suture: btwn 2 palatine processes of maxilla
Transverse palatine suture: btwn horizontal plate of palatine bone and palatine process of maxilla
15
Q
bregma
A
- on top of head
- where sagittal suture meets coronal suture
16
Q
asterion
A
- posterolateral
- temporal, parietal, occipital meet
17
Q
pterion
A
- lateral
- meeting of frontal, parietal, temporal, GW sphenoid
- very thin, blood vessels flow underneath –> epidural hematoma if trauma here
18
Q
persistent metopic suture
A
frontal suture persists into adulthood
19
Q
fontanelle bone
A
bone forms in fontanelle
20
Q
sutural/wormian bones
A
puzzle piece-like bones formed in sutures
21
Q
inion
A
external occipital protuberance
22
Q
nuchal line
A
external occipital crest
below inion
23
Q
paranasal sinuses
A
frontal
ethmoid
maxillary
sphenoid
all paired, so 8 total
developed POST-NATALLY
24
Q
growth of maxillary sinus can cause
A
Maxillary sinus grows towards teeth:
- impinge nerve roots
- infection spreads from sinus to teeth (or other direction)
25
mastoiditis
Middle ear infection.
Spread due to air cells in mastoid process.
Complications:
- vertigo (CN VIII)
- hearing loss (CN VIII)
- facial paralysis (CN VII)
26
arachnoid granulations
Structures CSF flows through.
Depressions.
Imprint on calvaria.
27
diploic veins
Normal structures that may look like fractures on xray.
Usually 4 on each side.
Drain diploe sandwich of calvaria. Connect to nearest venous sinus.
28
foramen cecum
tiny foramen anterior to cribriform plate
transmits an emissary vein from the nose to the superior sagittal sinus
29
clinoid processes
anterior/posterior
sphenoid bone
"4 post bed"
30
parts of the sella turcica
- anterior clinoid processes (sphenoid)
- tuberculum sellae
- sella turcica (over sphenoid sinus)
- dorsum sellae
- posterior clinoid processes
31
branches of trigeminal nerve (CN V)
1) ophthalmic division
- superior orbital fissure
- supraorbital foramen
2) maxillary division
- foramen rotundum
- infraorbital groove
- infraorbital foramen
3) manibular
- foramen ovale
32
hardest bone in the body
petrous part of temporal bone
| -contains inner ear
33
arcuate eminence
Curved outline from anterior semicircular canal.
Petrous part of temporal bone
34
3 pathways after entering internal acoustic meatus
1) facial canal
- exit via groove for greater petrosal n
- parasympathetic
2) Petrotympanic fissure
- to mandibular fossa
- parasympathetic
3) Stylomastoid foramen
- motor (CN VII: facial)
35
dural venous sinuses
drain into jugular foramen
36
tympanic canaliculus
where the parasympathetic nerves traveling with CN IX re-enters the skull after exiting from jugular foramen
37
pterygopalatine fossa is the gateway to
- nose
- orbit
- palate
- cranial base
- pharynx
38
can take pulse from facial artery where?
antegonial notch
39
mastoid process
SCM insertion
40
styloid process
```
stylohyoid m.
stylopharyngess m.
styloglossus m.
stylohyoid lig.
stylomandibular lig.
```
41
which m. insert on superior nuchal lines?
trapezius
| occipitalis
42
which m. insert on inferior nuchal lines?
suboccipital m.
- ructus capitis posterior (minor/major)
- obliquius capitus (superior/inferior)
43
styloid and mastoid processes are developed ______
postnatally
44
Emissary veins
Valveless.
Pass thru foramina of the skull to interconnect dural sinuses with external regions;
venous blood may pass in either direction (can allow spread of infection from extracranial to intracranial regions).
45
calvaria
skull cap.
made of 2 compact bones w/ marrow in middle.
46
The cribriform plate of the ethmoid with the _____________ transmits _______ nerves from the upper part of the nasal cavity;
The cribriform plate of the ethmoid with the CRISTA GALLI transmits OLFACTORY NERVES nerves from the upper part of the nasal cavity.
47
incisive canal
v. and n. can travel from nasal to oral cavity (or vice versa)
48
lateral and medial pterygoid plates extend inferiorly from which bone?
sphenoid bone
49
The body of the sphenoid bone contains the ________ for the pituitary gland. This fossa is also called the _________ and it is shaped like a 4-poster bed.
The body of the sphenoid bone contains the HYPOPHYSEAL FOSSA for the pituitary gland. This fossa is also called the SELLA TURCICA and it is shaped like a 4-post bed
50
path of infraorbital n. and a.
pass thru inferior orbital fissure, infraorbital groove, and infraorbital foramen
51
arch between temporal fossa and infra temporal fossa
zygomatic arch
52
door to the ptygopalatine fossa
pterygomaxillary fissure
| between the lateral pterygoid plate (sphenoid bone) and the maxilla (tuberosity)
53
a wire through the sphenopalatine foramen would end up in the ...
nose
54
infraorbital a. arises from the ...
maxillary a.
55
greater and lesser palatine nerves pass through which foramina?
greater and lesser palatine foramina
56
Pharyngeal Canal
phayngeal nerve, pharyngeal branch of the pterygopalatine portion of the maxillary artery
57
Pterygoid Canal
Vidian nerve or nerve of pterygoid canal.
58
condylar process fits into the _____ fossa
condylar process fits into the MANDIBULAR fossa - forming the temporomandibular joint
59
coronoid process - insertion of _______ muscle
temporalis muscle
60
superior and inferior genial tubercles (mental spines)
inner aspect of mandible
origin of genioglossus and
geniohyoid muscles
61
eustachian tube
connects nasopharynx to middle ear
62
occipital condyles
articulate w/ atlas C1
63
mastoid notch
for posterior belly of digastric m.
64
occipital groove
for occipital a.
65
posterior condylar canals
for emissary veins
