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Emma H&N > Skull Osteology > Flashcards

Skull Osteology Flashcards

1
Q

cribriform plate

A

in ethmoid bone

olfactory nerve bundles (CN I)

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2
Q

optic canal

A 
Optic Nerve (CN II)
Ophthalmic artery
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3
Q

superior orbital fissure

A
  • Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)
  • Trochlear N (CN IV)
  • Trigeminal N, ophthalmic branch (CN V,1) : lacrimal, frontal, nasociliary branches
  • Abducens N (CN VI)
  • Superior ophthalmic vein
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4
Q

foramen rotundum

A

Trigeminal N., Maxillary branch (CN V,2)

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5
Q

foramen ovale

A
  • Trigeminal N., Mandibular branch (CN V,3)
  • Accessory meningeal artery
  • lesser petrosal n (occasionally)
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6
Q

foramen spinosum

A
  • middle meningeal a/v
  • meningeal branch of mandibular n (CN V,3)

“spinosum” bc spine of sphenoid bone

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7
Q

foramen lacerum

A

greater petrosal nerve crosses this space

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8
Q

carotid canal

A
  • internal carotid artery

- internal carotid nerve plexus

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9
Q

internal acoustic meatus

A
  • pt of the temporal bone
  • Facial N (CN VII)
  • Vestibulocochlear N (CN VIII)
  • labyrinthine a
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10
Q

jugular foramen

A
  • inferior petrosal venous sinus
  • Glossopharyngeal N (CN IX)
  • Vagus N (CN X)
  • Accessory N (CN XI)
  • sigmoid venous sinus
  • posterior meningeal artery
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11
Q

hypoglossal canal

A
  • Hypoglossal N (CN XII)
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12
Q

foramen magnum

A
  • medulla oblongata
  • meninges
  • vertebral arteries
  • meningeal branches of vertebral arteries
  • spinal roots of accessory nerves
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13
Q

what bones make up the orbit?

A
  • orbital plate of frontal bone
  • greater wing of sphenoid
  • lesser wing of sphenoid
  • orbital plate of ethmoid bone
  • lacrimal bone
  • orbital plate of maxilla
  • orbital plate of zygomatic bone
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14
Q

sutures of the palate (and the bones forming them)

A

Medial palatine suture: btwn 2 palatine processes of maxilla

Transverse palatine suture: btwn horizontal plate of palatine bone and palatine process of maxilla

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15
Q

bregma

A
  • on top of head

- where sagittal suture meets coronal suture

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16
Q

asterion

A
  • posterolateral

- temporal, parietal, occipital meet

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17
Q

pterion

A
  • lateral
  • meeting of frontal, parietal, temporal, GW sphenoid
  • very thin, blood vessels flow underneath –> epidural hematoma if trauma here
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18
Q

persistent metopic suture

A

frontal suture persists into adulthood

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19
Q

fontanelle bone

A

bone forms in fontanelle

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20
Q

sutural/wormian bones

A

puzzle piece-like bones formed in sutures

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21
Q

inion

A

external occipital protuberance

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22
Q

nuchal line

A

external occipital crest

below inion

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23
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

frontal
ethmoid
maxillary
sphenoid

all paired, so 8 total
developed POST-NATALLY

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24
Q

growth of maxillary sinus can cause

A

Maxillary sinus grows towards teeth:

  • impinge nerve roots
  • infection spreads from sinus to teeth (or other direction)
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25
Q

mastoiditis

A

Middle ear infection.
Spread due to air cells in mastoid process.

Complications:

  • vertigo (CN VIII)
  • hearing loss (CN VIII)
  • facial paralysis (CN VII)
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26
Q

arachnoid granulations

A

Structures CSF flows through.
Depressions.
Imprint on calvaria.

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27
Q

diploic veins

A

Normal structures that may look like fractures on xray.
Usually 4 on each side.

Drain diploe sandwich of calvaria. Connect to nearest venous sinus.

28
Q

foramen cecum

A

tiny foramen anterior to cribriform plate

transmits an emissary vein from the nose to the superior sagittal sinus

29
Q

clinoid processes

A

anterior/posterior
sphenoid bone

“4 post bed”

30
Q

parts of the sella turcica

A
  • anterior clinoid processes (sphenoid)
  • tuberculum sellae
  • sella turcica (over sphenoid sinus)
  • dorsum sellae
  • posterior clinoid processes
31
Q

branches of trigeminal nerve (CN V)

A

1) ophthalmic division
- superior orbital fissure
- supraorbital foramen

2) maxillary division
- foramen rotundum
- infraorbital groove
- infraorbital foramen

3) manibular
- foramen ovale

32
Q

hardest bone in the body

A

petrous part of temporal bone

-contains inner ear

33
Q

arcuate eminence

A

Curved outline from anterior semicircular canal.

Petrous part of temporal bone

34
Q

3 pathways after entering internal acoustic meatus

A

1) facial canal
- exit via groove for greater petrosal n
- parasympathetic

2) Petrotympanic fissure
- to mandibular fossa
- parasympathetic

3) Stylomastoid foramen
- motor (CN VII: facial)

35
Q

dural venous sinuses

A

drain into jugular foramen

36
Q

tympanic canaliculus

A

where the parasympathetic nerves traveling with CN IX re-enters the skull after exiting from jugular foramen

37
Q

pterygopalatine fossa is the gateway to

A
  • nose
  • orbit
  • palate
  • cranial base
  • pharynx
38
Q

can take pulse from facial artery where?

A

antegonial notch

39
Q

mastoid process

A

SCM insertion

40
Q

styloid process

A 
stylohyoid m.
stylopharyngess m.
styloglossus m. 
stylohyoid lig.
stylomandibular lig.
41
Q

which m. insert on superior nuchal lines?

A

trapezius

occipitalis

42
Q

which m. insert on inferior nuchal lines?

A

suboccipital m.

  • ructus capitis posterior (minor/major)
  • obliquius capitus (superior/inferior)
43
Q

styloid and mastoid processes are developed ______

A

postnatally

44
Q

Emissary veins

A

Valveless.

Pass thru foramina of the skull to interconnect dural sinuses with external regions;

venous blood may pass in either direction (can allow spread of infection from extracranial to intracranial regions).

45
Q

calvaria

A

skull cap.

made of 2 compact bones w/ marrow in middle.

46
Q

The cribriform plate of the ethmoid with the _____________ transmits _______ nerves from the upper part of the nasal cavity;

A

The cribriform plate of the ethmoid with the CRISTA GALLI transmits OLFACTORY NERVES nerves from the upper part of the nasal cavity.

47
Q

incisive canal

A

v. and n. can travel from nasal to oral cavity (or vice versa)

48
Q

lateral and medial pterygoid plates extend inferiorly from which bone?

A

sphenoid bone

49
Q

The body of the sphenoid bone contains the ________ for the pituitary gland. This fossa is also called the _________ and it is shaped like a 4-poster bed.

A

The body of the sphenoid bone contains the HYPOPHYSEAL FOSSA for the pituitary gland. This fossa is also called the SELLA TURCICA and it is shaped like a 4-post bed

50
Q

path of infraorbital n. and a.

A

pass thru inferior orbital fissure, infraorbital groove, and infraorbital foramen

51
Q

arch between temporal fossa and infra temporal fossa

A

zygomatic arch

52
Q

door to the ptygopalatine fossa

A

pterygomaxillary fissure

between the lateral pterygoid plate (sphenoid bone) and the maxilla (tuberosity)

53
Q

a wire through the sphenopalatine foramen would end up in the …

A

nose

54
Q

infraorbital a. arises from the …

A

maxillary a.

55
Q

greater and lesser palatine nerves pass through which foramina?

A

greater and lesser palatine foramina

56
Q

Pharyngeal Canal

A

phayngeal nerve, pharyngeal branch of the pterygopalatine portion of the maxillary artery

57
Q

Pterygoid Canal

A

Vidian nerve or nerve of pterygoid canal.

58
Q

condylar process fits into the _____ fossa

A

condylar process fits into the MANDIBULAR fossa - forming the temporomandibular joint

59
Q

coronoid process - insertion of _______ muscle

A

temporalis muscle

60
Q

superior and inferior genial tubercles (mental spines)

A

inner aspect of mandible

origin of genioglossus and
geniohyoid muscles

61
Q

eustachian tube

A

connects nasopharynx to middle ear

62
Q

occipital condyles

A

articulate w/ atlas C1

63
Q

mastoid notch

A

for posterior belly of digastric m.

64
Q

occipital groove

A

for occipital a.

65
Q

posterior condylar canals

A

for emissary veins

Emma H&N (49 decks)

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