Cerebellum

Question 1

inferior cerebellar peduncle

Answer 1

input from medulla

Question 2

middle cerebellar peduncle

Answer 2

input from pons/cortex

Question 3

superior cerebellar peduncle

Answer 3

output from cerebellum

Question 4

motor input to cerebellum

Answer 4

• via corticopontine fibers

- CONTRALATERAL middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 5

output from cerebellum

Answer 5

superior cerebellar peduncle

–> CONTRALATERAL red nucleus –> VL of thalamus –> motor complex –> vestibular nuclei/ inferior olives

Question 6

Mollaret’s Triangle

Answer 6

• self contained loop

- lesion = palatal myoclonus

Question 7

layers of the cerebellar cortex

Answer 7

1) internal granular layer
- dense
- receives (almost) all inputs

2) molecular layer
- fewer cells
- dominated by tracts

3) Purkinje cells
- large cells

Question 8

most incoming fibers (to cerebellum) synapse on ____________

Answer 8

most incoming fibers (to cerebellum) synapse on GRANULAR CELL dendrites (granular cell layer)

Question 9

granule cell axons travel to _____________ and synapse on ____________

Answer 9

granule cell axons travel to MOLECULAR LAYER and synapse on PURKINJE CELL DENDRITES

Question 10

input from inferior olives to cerebellum travels to _________

Answer 10

input from inferior olives to cerebellum travels to MOLECULAR LAYER DIRECTLY (bypasses granular layer) to synapse on Purkinje cells via climbing fibers

Question 11

which type of fibers do input from inferior olive travel?

Answer 11

climbing fibers

Question 12

which type of fibers do input from cortex travel?

Answer 12

mossy fibers

Question 13

from the purkinje cells, where does the output travel to?

Answer 13

deep cerebellar nuclei

Question 14

cerebellar areas

Answer 14

1) vestibulocerebellum
- FLOCCULOONODULAR LOBE
- caudal
- input from vestibular nuclei
- output to vestibular nuclei

Question 15

vestibulocerebellum (lobe? location? input/output?)

Answer 15

FLOCCULOONODULAR LOBE

• caudal
• input from vestibular nuclei
• output to vestibular nuclei

Question 16

spinocerebellum (lobe? controls? input/output?)

Answer 16

VERMIS, intermediate

• controls midline structures (trunk, legs)
• input from spinocerebellar tract, olives
• output to spinocerebellar tract, olives

Question 17

neocerebellum (lobe? controls? input/output?)

Answer 17

MOST of the cerebellum (lateral hemispheres)

• upper limb control
• input from cortex via pontine nuclei
• output back to cortex via VL of thalamus

Question 18

lesion of vestibulocerebellum causes

Answer 18

• instability
• nystagmus
• balance/gait ataxia

Question 19

lesion of spinocerebellum causes

Answer 19

• truncal instability
• leg incoordination
• exaggerated postural reflexes

Question 20

lesion of the neocerebellum causes

Answer 20

• clumsiness

- intention tremor

Question 21

hemispheric syndromes

Answer 21

• incoordination
• dysmetria (over/under shoot target)
• intention tremor
• dysdiadochokinesis (difficulty with rapidly alternating movements)

Question 22

acute cerebellar disease

Answer 22

• vascular (hemorrhages, infarcts)
• toxic exposure (mercury, toluene, meds)
• heat stroke
• anoxia

Question 23

which cerebellar cells are most susceptible to injury?

Answer 23

purkinje cells

Question 24

which acute cerebellar disease is the biggest concern?

Answer 24

vascular

Question 25

subacute cerebellar diseases

Answer 25

WEEKS - MONTHS

• alcoholic (vermis)
• paraneoplastic
• post infectious cerebellar ataxia
• cerebellar tumors
• MS

Question 26

chronic alcohol use causes damage to what part of the cerebellum?

Answer 26

VERMIS

-usually due to thiamine deficiency

Question 27

paraneoplastic cerebellar disease

Answer 27

• subacute
• due to body’s immune response
• antibodies against purkinje cells
• rapidly progressive

Question 28

cerebellar pontine tumor

Answer 28

-completely blocks 4th ventricle –> blocks CSF –> increased intracranial pressure

Question 29

chronic cerebellar disease

Answer 29

• congenital cerebellar hypoplasia
• genetic disorders
• neurogenerative disorders
• metabolic diseases