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Emma H&N > Cranial Nerve Skull Foramina > Flashcards

Cranial Nerve Skull Foramina Flashcards

1
Q

cribriform plate

A

olfactory nerve bundles (CN I)

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2
Q

optic canal

A 
Optic Nerve (CN II)
Ophthalmic artery
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3
Q

superior orbital fissure

A
  • Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)
  • Trochlear N (CN IV)
  • Trigeminal N, ophthalmic branch (CN V,1) : lacrimal, frontal, nasociliary branches
  • Abducens N (CN VI)
  • Superior ophthalmic vein
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4
Q

foramen rotundum

A

Trigeminal N., Maxillary branch (CN V,2)

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5
Q

foramen ovale

A
  • Trigeminal N., Mandibular branch (CN V,3)
  • Accessory meningeal artery
  • lesser petrosal n (occasionally)
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6
Q

foramen spinosum

A
  • middle meningeal a/v

- meningeal branch of mandibular n (CN V,3)

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7
Q

foramen lacerum

A

greater petrosal nerve crosses this space

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8
Q

carotid canal

A
  • internal carotid artery

- internal carotid nerve plexus

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9
Q

internal acoustic meatus

A
  • Facial N (CN VII)
  • Vestibulocochlear N (CN V VIII)
  • labyrinthine a
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10
Q

jugular foramen

A
  • inferior petrosal venous sinus
  • Glossopharyngeal N (CN IX)
  • Vagus N (CN X)
  • Accessory N (CN XI)
  • sigmoid venous sinus
  • posterior meningeal artery
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11
Q

hypoglossal canal

A
  • Hypoglossal N (CN XII)
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12
Q

foramen magnum

A
  • medulla oblongata
  • meninges
  • vertebral arteries
  • meningeal branches of vertebral arteries
  • spinal roots of accessory nerves
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13
Q

Which m. originates from the scaphoid fossa?

A

tensor veli palatini m.

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14
Q

Which n. runs through the petrotympanic fissure?

A

chorda tympani (br. of facial n.)

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15
Q

Which n. runs through the tympanic canaliculus?

A

tympanic n. (n. of Jacobson)

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16
Q

two parts of the dura mater

A

cranial dura

spinal dura

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17
Q

two layers of the cranial dura

A

periosteal outer layer

meningeal inner layer

(normally fused)

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18
Q

dural partitions

A

(reflections/infoldings of inner meningeal layer of dura mater)

  • Falx Cerebri
  • Falx Cerebelli
  • Tentorium Cerebelli
  • Diaphragma Sellae
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19
Q

Falx cerebri

A

separates cerebral hemispheres

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20
Q

Falx cerebelli

A

lies between the cerebellar hemispheres

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21
Q

Tentorium cerebelli

A

separates occipital lobes of cerebrum from the cerebellum

22
Q

Diaphragma sellae

A

lies over the pituitary gland

23
Q

dural venous sinuses

A

endothelial lined spaces formed between the meningeal and periosteal layers of the dura

important for draining blood into IJV

24
Q

Emissary v. drain ______

while diploid v. drain ______

A

Emissary v. drain the SCALP

while diploid v. drain BONE

25
Q

Path of superior sagittal sinus drainage

A

superior sagittal sinus –> confluence of sinuses –> R transverse sinus –> sigmoid sinus –> IJV

26
Q

Path of inferior sagittal sinus drainage

A

inferior sagittal sinus –> confluence of sinuses –> L transverse sinus –> sigmoid sinus –> IJV

27
Q

Path of occipital sinus drainage

A

occipital sinus –> confluence of sinuses –> L transverse sinus –> sigmoid sinus –> IJV

28
Q

cavernous sinus drainage

A

either superior and inferior petrosal sinuses

29
Q

superior petrosal sinus drainage

A

superior petrosal sinus –> transverse sinus –> sigmoid sinus –> IJV

30
Q

inferior petrosal sinus drainage

A

inferior petrosal sinus –> sigmoid sinus –> IJV

31
Q

cavernous sinuses

location, drain what?

A

paired dural venous sinuses.

found on either side of sella turcica.

drains the orbit, anterior aspect of brain, and sphenoparietal sinus.

32
Q

content of cavernous sinuses

A

internal carotid a. w/ surrounding sympathetic plexus.

CN III, CN IV, CN V1, CN V2, and CN VI (embedded in lateral wall of the sinus)

33
Q

cavernous sinus thrombosis signs/sx

A 
pain
conjunctival chemosis
proptosis
ptosis (CNIII)
dilated pupil (CNIII)
corneal reflex lost (CNV1)
double vision
facial sensory loss
ophthalmoplegia (CNIII, CNIV, CNVI)
34
Q

cavernous sinus thrombosis tx

A
  • vigorous and early use of anticoagulants
  • abx
  • drainage and elimination of infection are essential.
35
Q

innervation of dura on floor of anterior cranial fossa

A

meningeal branches of CN V (V1, V2, V3)

36
Q

innervation of middle cranial fossa dura

A

meningeal branches of CN V (V2, V3)

37
Q

innervation of tentorium cerebelli and posterior falx cerebri

A

tentorial branch of CN V1

38
Q

innervation of anterior falx cerebri

A

anterior meningeal branches of ethmoidal n. (from nasociliary n.

39
Q

Does the arachnoid mater contain vascular structures?

A

No, it’s avascular.

All cerebral a. and v. –> in subarachnoid space.

40
Q

Arachnoid granulations

A

small projections to venous sinuses to drain CSF

41
Q

Granular foveola

A

impressions on calvaria made by arachnoid granulations

42
Q

Pia mater

A

vascular layer that is adherent to the brain surface, extends w/ cerebral sulk and cover gyri

43
Q

arachnoid trabeculae

A

loosely connect arachnoid mater to pia mater

44
Q

extracerebral bleeding

A

bleeding between bony calvarium and soft tissue of the brain

increases intracranial pressure

45
Q

epidural hematoma

A

Usually due to ruptured middle meningeal a.

Blood contained between durra and inner table of the skull

Sx: initial lucid interval, HA, vomiting, clear fluid from nose/mouth, loss of consciousness 3-8 hr later

46
Q

subdural hematoma

A

Blood between brain parenchyma and dural membranes

Elderly at risk (innate atrophy of cerebral cortex –> smaller brain vol –> inc space in subdural compartment –> inc stretch on bridging v. between skull and cerebral surface)

Concave lens shape

47
Q

subarachnoid hematoma

A

bleeding between arachnoid and pia mater

causes: birth trauma, hypoxic ischemic injury, rupture of aneurysm

blood obstructs CSF reabsorption –> increased ICP w/ hydrocaphalus

tx: placement of ventricular drains and shunting system
(ventriculoperitoneal shunt)

48
Q

which a. commonly exhibit Berry aneurysms

A

anterior cerebral a.

anterior communicating a.

49
Q

circle of Willis

A

pt of cerebral circulation

  • anterior cerebral a.
  • anterior communicating a.
  • internal carotid a. (L/R)
  • posterior cerebral a. (L/R)
  • posterior communicating a. (L/R)
50
Q

paranasal sinuses

A
  • mucosa-lined, air-filled spaces
  • found in frontal/sphenoid/ethmoid/maxillary bones
- reduce weight of skull
enhance resonance of voice
warm and humidify inspired air
absorb shock
contrib to facial growth
51
Q

sinusitis

A

inflammation of tissues lining the sinuses

causes: common cold, allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps, deviated septum

52
Q

What accounts for up to 40% of maxillary sinusitis cases?

A 
odotogenic sinusitis
(infection spreads from teeth in upper jaw to maxillary sinus)

Emma H&N (49 decks)

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