Cranial Cavity Flashcards
layers of the scalp
skin connective tissue aponeurosis loose connective tissue pericranium
innervation of occipital-frontalis m.
CN VII
innervation of temporalis m.
CN V3
neurocranium bones
frontal parietal occipital temporal sphenoid ethmoid
viscerocranium bones
nasal maxillary zygomatic mandibular vomer ethmoid lacrimal inferior nasal concha
Which artery is susceptible to damage through a pterion fracture?
middle meningeal a.
Which is more anterior: groove for greater petrosal n. or groove for lesser petrosal n.?
groove for LESSER petrosal n.
Which m. originates from the scaphoid fossa
tensor veli palatini
Which n. travels through the pterotympanic fissure?
Chorda tympani (br. of facial n.)
Which n. travels through the tympanic canaliculus?
Tympanic n.
Which n. travels through the vidian canal?
vidian n.
2 parts of the dura mater
cranial dura
spinal dura
2 layers of the cranial dura
periosteal outer layer
meningeal inner layer
4 dural partitions in the brain
falx cerebri
falx cerebelli
tentorium cerebelli
diaphragma sellae
falx cerebri
separates cerebral hemispheres
falx cerebelli
lies between cerebellar hemispheres
tentorium cerebelli
separates occipital lobes of the cerebrum from the cerebellum
diaphragma sellea
lies over the pituitary gland
emissary veins
drain blood from scalp
diploid veins
drain blood from bone
granular foveola
impressions on calvaria made by arachnoid granulations
dural venous sinuses
endothelial lined spaces between meningeal and periosteal layers of dura.
drain blood to IJV.
______ veins cross the subdural space
BRIDGING veins cross the subdural space
Path of superior sagittal sinus drainage to IJV
superior sagittal sinus –> confluence of sinuses –> R transverse sinus –> sigmoid sinus –> IJV
Path of inferior sagittal sinus drainage to IJV
inferior sagittal sinus –> straight sinus –> confluence of sinuses –> L transverse sinus –> sigmoid sinus –> IJV
Path of occipital sinus drainage to IJV
occipital sinus –> confluence of sinuses –> L transverse sinus –> sigmoid sinus –> IJV
the cavernous sinus drains into which 2 sinuses?
superior petrosal sinus
inferior petrosal sinus
Path of inferior petrosal sinus to IJV
inferior petrosal sinus –> sigmoid sinus –> IJV
Path of superior petrosal sinus to IJV
superior petrosal sinus –> transverse sinus –> sigmoid sinus –> IJV
cavernous sinuses (location, structures they drain?)
paired dural venous sinuses found on either side of sella turcica
drain the orbit, anterior aspect of the brain, and sphenoparietal sinus
contents of cavernous sinuses
internal carotid a. + surrounding sympathetic plexus
CN III CN IV CN V1,V2 CN VI ^embedded in lateral wall of sinus
cavernous sinus thrombosis
signs/sx
pain conjunctival chemosis proptosis ptosis (CNIII) dilated pupil (CNIII) corneal reflex lost (CNV1) double vision facial sensory loss opthalmoplegia (CNIII, CNIV, CNVI)
cavernous sinus thrombosis tx
vigorous and early use of anticoagulants
abx
drainange and elimination of infection
Innervation of dura mater is via
br. of CN V and spinal nerves C2 and C3
innervation of anterior cranial fossa dura
CN V1
CN V2
CN V3
innervation of the middle cranial fossa dura
CN V2
CN V3
innervation of the posterior cranial fossa dura floor
C2 and C3
innervation of posterior cranial fossa dura roof (tentorium)
tentorial n.
CN V1
innervation of posterior falx cerebri dura
tentorial n.
CN V1
innervation of anterior falx cerebri dura
anterior meningeal n.
CN V1
Which vessels run through the arachnoid mater?
NONE. All cerebral a. lie in the subarachnoid space
arachnoid granulations
small projections to venous sinuses to drain CSF
pia mater
vascular layer that is adherent to brain surface
extends w/ cerebral sulk and covers gyri
arachnoid trabeculae
connect arachnoid mater to pia mater
helps suspend brain
extracerebral hemorrhage
bleeding between bony calvarium and the soft tissue of the brain
increases intracranial pressure
epidural hematoma
blood contained between dura and inner table of skull
commonly develop in temporal and parietal regions
source of bleeding is usually middle meningeal a.
sx: initial lucid interval, HA, vomiting, clear fluid from nose/mouth, loss of consciousness 3-8 hr later
subdural hematoma
blood contained between brain parenchyma and dural membranes
elderly at risk (age –> atrophy /smaller vol of cerebral cortex –> inc space in subdural compartment –> stretch on bridging v. between skull and cerebral surface
inc ICP –> unconsciousness/death
appears as CONCAVE LENS
subarachnoid hematoma
blood between arachnoid and pia mater (via birth trauma/ hypoxic injury/aneurysm rupture)
blood can obstruct CSF reabsorption –> inc ICP w/ hydrocephalus
tx: ventriculoperitoneal shunt
circle of Willis is a part of ______ circulation
circle of Willis is a part of CEREBRAL circulation
Berry aneurysm commonly occurs in which a.s?
anterior cerebral a.
anterior communicating a.
paranasal sinuses
mucosa-lined, air-filled
- reduces weight of skill
- enhance resonance of voice
- warm/humidify inspired air
- absorb shock
- contribute to facial growth
sinusitis causes
common cold
allergic rhinitis
nasal polyps
deviated septum
What accounts for up to 40% of all maxillary sinusitis cases?
odontogenic sinusitis
