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Emma H&N > Anterior Neck > Flashcards

Anterior Neck Flashcards

1
Q

anterior triangle of the neck boundaries

A

Inferior border of the mandible

Posterior border of the SCM

Anterior midline of the neck

Roof: platysma and the investing fascia

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2
Q

mental triangle boundaries

A

Between two anterior bellies of digastric m. and the hyoid bone

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3
Q

muscular triangle boundaries

A

superior belly of the omohyoid

lower anterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid

median line of the neck

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4
Q

submandibular triangle boundaries

A

posterior and anterior bellies of the digastric m.

inferior border of the mandible

floor: mylohyoid, hypoglossus, middle constrictor m.

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5
Q

carotid triangle boundaries

A

anterior border of SCM

superior belly of omohyoid

posterior belly of digastric m.

stylohyoid

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6
Q

Which vessel lies in superficial fascia lateral to the SCM?

A

external jugular vein

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7
Q

Anterior jugular v.s can drain into…

A

EJV or into subclavian v. (deep to SCM)

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8
Q

suprahyoid muscles

A

mylohoyoid
anterior belly of digastric
posterior belly of digastric
stylohyoid

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9
Q

infrahyoid muscles

A

thyrohyoid
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
superior, inferior belly of omohyoid

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10
Q

the parotid gland overlays which muscles?

A

suprahyoids

stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric

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11
Q

Which a./v. cross inferior border of mandible and travel superiorly?

A

the FACIAL artery and vein

br. of external carotid a.

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12
Q

which nerves supply the digastric m. (anterior belly) and mylohyoid?

A

n. to mylohyoid (br. of mandibular division of trigeminal, CN V3)

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13
Q

Which n. supplies the digastric m. (posterior belly) and the styloyoid?

A

branches of facial n. (CN VII)

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14
Q

Inferior alveolar n.

A

br. of CN V3 (mandibular division of trigeminal)

(enters the mandible through the mandibular foramen, passes along the mandibular canal, exits through the mental foramen)

sensory to teeth

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15
Q

branches of CN V3 after it emerges from the foramen ovale

A

inferior alveolar n. –> n. to mylohyoid

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16
Q

______ nerve emerges from the stylomastoid foramen

A

facial nerve

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17
Q

two actions of the thyrohyoid m.

A
  • depress hyoid bone

- elevate thyroid cartilage

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18
Q

ansa cervicalis

A

from C1-C3

innervates infrahyoid m. EXCEPT thyrohyoid

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19
Q

Innervation to thyrohyoid m.

A

directly innervated by a branch of C1 that piggy backs w/ hypoglossus n. (CN XII)

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20
Q

Which two roots of the ansa cervicalis piggy back with the hypoglossal n.?

A

Superior part of C1

Superior part of C2

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21
Q

Inferior loop of ansa cervicalis

A

descendens cervicalis

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22
Q

Superior loop of ansa cervicalis

A

desendens hypoglossi

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23
Q

upper loop of ansa cervicalis

A

C1

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24
Q

lower loop of ansa cervicalis

A

C2-C3

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25
Q

thyroidhyoid and geniohyoid are innervated by branches of ___ that hitch-hike on the _________ n.

A

thyroidhyoid and geniohyoid are innervated by branches of C1 that hitch-hike on the HYPOGLOSSAL n.

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26
Q

all infrahyoid muscles except the _______ are innervated by ansa cervicalis

A

all infrahyoid muscles except the THYROHYOID are innervated by ansa cervicalis

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27
Q

carotid triangle

A

IJV, CCA, vagus n.

surrounded by carotid sheath

28
Q

Which vein is just lateral to the common carotid artery

A

internal juglar vein

29
Q

vagus n. lies between and just behind

A

internal juglar vein and common carotid artery

30
Q

n. structure coming around medial and lateral side of internal jugular vein and then join together

A

ansa cervicalis

31
Q

Where should you palpate the carotid pulse?

A

depression just anterior to SCM and below mandible

32
Q

right common carotid a. is a branch of the

A

brachiocephalic trunk

33
Q

Internal carotid a. vs external carotid a., which is anterior

A

external carotid a. is ANTERIOR to internal carotid a.

34
Q

left common carotid a. is a branch of the

A

arch of aorta

35
Q

the common carotid a. divides into internal and external carotid at ~ level of the

A

upper edge of thyroid cartilage

36
Q

the subclavian a. is divided into 3 parts by which m.?

A

anterior scalene m.

37
Q

The r. recurrent laryngeal n. crosses almost 90 degrees to which vessel?

A

inferior thyroid a.

38
Q

Which branches of the internal carotid a. travel into the neck?

A

NONE.

Internal carotid has no branches in the neck. Main job is in brain via cerebral arteries.

39
Q

Branches of the external carotid artery

A

SALFOPSMax

  • superior thyroid
  • ascending pharyngeal
  • lingual
  • facial
  • occipital
  • posterior auricular
  • superficial temporal
  • maxillary
40
Q

Middle meningeal a. is a branch of which a.?

A

maxillary a.

41
Q

External carotid a. supplies everything outside the dura mater EXCEPT …

A

the anterior forehead, which is supplied by internal carotid a. via the supraorbital a. (br. of ophthalmic a.)

42
Q

arteries contributing to arterial circle of willis

A 
Anterior cerebral aa.
Middle cerebral a.
Posterior communicating a.
posterior cerebral a.
basilar a.
vertebral aa.
43
Q

receptor in carotid body

A

chemoreceptors

detect pO2, pCO2

44
Q

receptors in carotid sinus

A

baroreceptors

detect pressure

45
Q

innervation of carotid body/sinus

A

Visceral sensory.
Carotid sinus n.
(branch of CN IX glossopharyngeal)

46
Q

carotid sinus reflex

A

If palpate the carotid pulse too hard, carotid sinus is overstimulated –> decreased HR, syncope

HR slowed by vagus nerve (CN X)

47
Q

sympathetic chain (cervical) lies behind ________

A

sympathetic chain lies behind CAROTID SHEATH

48
Q

branches off of IJV

A 
occipital v
pharyngeal vv.
facial v.
lingual v
thyroid v. (superior, middle)
49
Q

superficial lymph nodes of the neck/head

A 
occipital
mastoid
parotid
submandibular
submental
50
Q

deep cervical nodes are divided into superior deep and inferior deep groups by _____________

A

omohyoid

51
Q

lymph node inflammed with pharyngitis

A

jugulo-digastric LN

52
Q

lymph node swollen with disease in thorax/abdomen

A

supraclavicular LN

53
Q

what drains lymphatics from head?

A

internal jugular trunk

empties into R thoracic duct on right // thoracic duct on left

54
Q

hormones produced by thyroid gland

A

T3/T4: regulate metabolism

Calcitonin: regulates Ca++ levels in blood

55
Q

thyroid gland lies posterior to ______,
anterior/lateral to ________ and __________,
medial to _________.

A

thyroid gland lies posterior to INFRAHYOID MUSCLES,
anterior/lateral to TRACHEA and ESOPHAGUS,
medial to CAROTID SHEATH.

56
Q

superior and middle thyroid veins drain into__________

A

internal jugular vein

57
Q

pyramidal lobe of thyroid

A

remnant of thyroglossal duct (foramen cecum to thyroid gland)

58
Q

What stimulates the thyroid gland? Regulation?

A

TRH/TSH from hypothalamus/pitutary.

High levels of T3/T4 produce negative feedback on TRH/TSH to maintain a constant level.

59
Q

goiter

A

hypertrophy of thyroid gland.

Absence of iodine causes absence of T3/T4 –> increased TRH/TSH –> hypertrophy

60
Q

parathyroid hormone

A

Regulates level of calcium in blood/bones/GI system.

4 parathyroid glands (2 superior, 2 inferior)

61
Q

tracheotomy

A

Operative procedure that creates a surgical opening in the cervical trachea.

Indications:
foreign body obstruction of upper airway, bilateral vocal chord paralysis, tumors of larynx and upper airway, trauma to upper airway

62
Q

tracheostomy

A

creation of a permanent/semipermanent opening in the trachea

63
Q

tracheostomy palpable landmarks

A

thyroid cartilage notch,

cricoid cartilage, trachea

64
Q

where to make the incision for a tracheostomy?

A

transverse incision, one fingerbreadth above the jugular notch

65
Q

things to avoid when doing a tracheostomy

A

brachiocephalic trunk,

left brachiocephalic vein,

66
Q

cricothyrotomy - what do you cut? when do you use it?

A

longitudinal cut along cricothyroid membrane.

Used when:

  • can’t intubate or ventilate
  • emergency situation

SAFER than a tracheotomy

Emma H&N (49 decks)

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