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Emma H&N > Posterior Triangle of the Neck > Flashcards

Posterior Triangle of the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Palpable structures in the neck

A

hyoid bone
cricoid cartilage
thyroid cartilage
laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)

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2
Q

What attaches to lesser horn of hyoid bone?

A

Stylohyoid ligament.

Runs from the styloid process to the lesser horn of the hyoid bone.

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3
Q

C1-C7 pass ____ correspondingly numbered vertebrae

A

above

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4
Q

C8 passes ____ correspondingly numbered vertebrae

A

below

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5
Q

Atlanto-occipital joint

A

flexion/extension/lateral bending of skull on C1

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6
Q

Atlanto-axial joint

A

rotation w/ some flexion/extension, lateral bending of C1 on C2

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7
Q

alar ligaments

A

prevent excessive side-to-side motion of the skull on the cervical column

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8
Q

cruciate ligament components

A
  1. transverse ligament of the atlas
  2. superior longitudinal ligament
  3. inferior longitudinal ligament
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9
Q

posterior longitudinal ligament

A

prevents hyper flexion of cervical column

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10
Q

nuchal ligament

A

forms septum in posterior neck and prevents hyperflexion

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11
Q

anterior longitudinal ligament

A

prevents hyperextension of cervical column

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12
Q

Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane

A

Closes space between base of skull and C1.

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13
Q

Hangman’s fracture

A

bilateral fracture posterior arch of C2 w/ anterior subluxation of C2 on C3

(pars interarticularis fractures)

hyperextension/distraction injury

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14
Q

Clay shoveler’s fracture

A

tip of spinous process C6-T1 shears off

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15
Q

Jefferson fracture

A

compression fracture of C1 anterior and/or posterior arch

lateral masses split

transverse ligament tears

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16
Q

hyoid bone - which vertebral level?`

A

~C3

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17
Q

Contents of 2 lateral neuromuscular compartments of the neck (carotid sheath)

A

carotid a.
IJV
vagus n.

^within carotid sheath

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18
Q

Prevertebral fascia covers which m.?

A

surrounds all m. that attach to cervical vertebrae including…

scalenes
levator scapulae
suboccipital muscles

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19
Q

Fascial layers of the neck

A

investing fascia
alar fascia
pretracheal fascia
carotid sheath

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20
Q

Investing fascia covers which m.?

A

trapezius

sternocleidomastoids

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21
Q

mental process

A

2 halves of mandible joining

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22
Q

platysma m. nerve supply

A

cervical branch of facial nerve (CN VII)

23
Q

trapezius m. nerve supply

A

spinal accessory n. (CN XI)

24
Q

sternocleidomastoid m. nerve supply

A

spinal pt of accessory n. (motor) and ventral rami of C2-3 (proprioceptive)

25
Q

contraction of one st sternocleidomastoid m. moves face to same/opposite side?

A

opposite

26
Q

torticollis

A

“twisted neck” or “wry neck”

can be acquired or congenital (labor/positioning issues)

one SCM becomes shorter than opposite side

27
Q

posterior triangle of neck boundaries

A

Posterior: anterior side of trapezius m.
Anterior: posterior side of SCM
Inferior: middle 1/3 of clavicle
Roof: skin, superficial fascia, platysma, investing layer of deep fascia
Floor: muscles covered by prevertebral fascia

28
Q

Lesser Occipital n. (C2)

A

follows posterior border of SCM to innervate the scalp behind and above the ear

29
Q

Great Auricular n. (C2,3)

A

crosses superficial to SCM

innervates the skin over the parotid gland, angle of the jaw and the posterior ear

30
Q

Transverse Cervical Nerves (C2,3)

A

crosses SCM superficially

sensation for the skin of the front and side of the neck (anterior triangle)

31
Q

Supraclavicular Nerves (C3,4)

A

medial, intermediate, and lateral branches

supply sensation over the shoulder (from the sternoclavicular joint to the acromion process), lateral neck and anterior upper thoracic wall.

32
Q

cervical plexus

A

connections between ventral primary rami of C1-C4

great auricular n. (C2,C3)
lesser occipital n. (C2, C3)
transverse cervical n. (C2,C3)
supraclavicular n.s (C3,C4)

33
Q

sensory nerves of the cervical plexus supply sensation to which area of the neck?

A

area of the neck below the mandible

34
Q

Sensation from the posterior part of the neck and scalp is supplied by dorsal primary rami from

A

C2 – C4

35
Q

CN XI path

A

emerges through jugular foramen to innervate SCM

then crosses posterior triangle to supply trapezius

36
Q

divisions of Trigeminal CN V

A

ophthalmic n. (V1)
maxillary n. (V2)
mandibular n. (V3)

supply cutaneous sensation of head

37
Q

posterior portion of scalp and neck is supplied by

A

dorsal rami of cervical spinal n. from C2-C4

38
Q

scalene m. nerve supply

A

motor branches of cervical and brachial plexus

39
Q

The middle and anterior scalene insert on ____, while the posterior scalene inserts on ____.

A

The middle and anterior scalene insert on rib 1, while the posterior scalene inserts on rib 2.

40
Q

splenius captius nerve supply

A

dorsal rami of cervical n.

41
Q

levator scapulae nerve supply

A

dorsal scapular n.

42
Q

scalene compression syndrome

A

a type of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

brachial plexus and subclavian artery can be compressed

sx: pain, muscle weakness, low BP in upper limb

43
Q

Central line catheterization

A

entry to venous system via R subclavian v.

44
Q

Inability to elevate shoulder on R. side –> possible damage to which n.?

A

spinal accessory (CN XI)

45
Q

semispinalis capitus nerve supply

A

dorsal rami of cervical n.

46
Q

suboccipital muscles

A

obliquius capitus (superior and inferior)

rectus captius posterior (minor and major)

  • deepest group
  • supplied by br. of dorsal primary rami of occipital n.
47
Q

suboccipital n.

A

C1 dorsal ramus

supplies muscles of the suboccipital triangle

48
Q

greater occipital n.

A

C2 dorsal ramus

supplies sensation around vertex of head

49
Q

Angle of the mandible - which vertebral level?`

A

C2

50
Q

Thyroid cartilage - which vertebral level?`

A

C4-C5

51
Q

Cricoid cartilage - which vertebral level?`

A

C6

52
Q

Atlanto-Axial instability

A

any issue w/ C1-C2

53
Q

______ separates the anterior and middle scalenes

A

brachial plexus

54
Q

Which vessel descends across the SCM and pierces the deep investing fascia?

A

external jugular v.

Emma H&N (49 decks)

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