Skull & Mandible

Question 1

Brachycephalic

Answer 1

short wide facial skull

domed cranium

Question 2

Meso/Mesaticephalic

Answer 2

middle of the road facial skull

Question 3

Dolichocephalic

Answer 3

elongated narrow facial skull

Question 4

Components of the head skeleton

Answer 4

skull
mandible
hyoid apparatus
auditory ossicles
cartilage of ear, nose, larynx

Question 5

Auditory ossicles

Answer 5

small bones of the ear

Question 6

Characteristics of the skull bones

Answer 6

paired
flat
variable shape
joined irregularly at edges

Question 7

Cranium

Answer 7

caudal

protects the brain

Question 8

Facial skull

Answer 8

rostral skull bones

Question 9

What’s within the skull?

Answer 9

brain
sensory apparatus
opening of respiratory & digestive tracts
bones
2 main joints

Question 10

Maxilla

Answer 10

upper jaw bone

carries all teeth but incisors

Question 11

Incisive bone

Answer 11

carries incisors

Question 12

Brachycephalic clinical problems

Answer 12

too much soft tissue
difficulty breathing
syringomyelia in cavaliers
skin fold infections

Question 13

Dolichocephalics clinical problems

Answer 13

high risk for nasal tumours

potential for foreign body

Question 14

Mandible

Answer 14

lower jaw bone

comprised of 2 hemi-mandibles

Question 15

Anisognathic

Answer 15

short and narrow mandible

Question 16

Sutures

Answer 16

joints between flat skull bones

Question 17

Intra-membranous ossification

Answer 17

formation of bone within a membrane
fibrous tissue -> sutures
still a small amount of fibrous tissue @ suture after ossification

Question 18

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

Answer 18

joins mandible & skull
joins at condyloid process & mandibular fossa
condylar synovial joint

Question 19

Mandibular symphysis

Answer 19

Meeting of hemi-mandibles

Question 20

Condylar joint

Answer 20

allow movement in 1 plane

small amount of rotation & lateral sliding

Question 21

Function of fibre-cartilaginous disk in TMJ

Answer 21

allows lateral & rotational grinding

Question 22

How many teeth in a dog? (adult)

Answer 22

42

2x (I 3/3 + C 1/1 + PM 4/4 + M 2/3)

Question 23

How many teeth in a cat? (adult)

Answer 23

30

2x (I 3/3 + C 1/1 + PM 3/2 + M 1/1)

Question 24

Hallmarks of normal dental occlusion

Answer 24

scissor bite - upper slightly rostral to lower, lower incisors rest on cingulum
lower canines rostral to upper
pinking shear effect with premolars
upper last premolar/molars lateral to lower