Skull & Mandible Flashcards
Brachycephalic
short wide facial skull
domed cranium
Meso/Mesaticephalic
middle of the road facial skull
Dolichocephalic
elongated narrow facial skull
Components of the head skeleton
skull mandible hyoid apparatus auditory ossicles cartilage of ear, nose, larynx
Auditory ossicles
small bones of the ear
Characteristics of the skull bones
paired
flat
variable shape
joined irregularly at edges
Cranium
caudal
protects the brain
Facial skull
rostral skull bones
What’s within the skull?
brain sensory apparatus opening of respiratory & digestive tracts bones 2 main joints
Maxilla
upper jaw bone
carries all teeth but incisors
Incisive bone
carries incisors
Brachycephalic clinical problems
too much soft tissue
difficulty breathing
syringomyelia in cavaliers
skin fold infections
Dolichocephalics clinical problems
high risk for nasal tumours
potential for foreign body
Mandible
lower jaw bone
comprised of 2 hemi-mandibles
Anisognathic
short and narrow mandible
Sutures
joints between flat skull bones
Intra-membranous ossification
formation of bone within a membrane
fibrous tissue -> sutures
still a small amount of fibrous tissue @ suture after ossification
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
joins mandible & skull
joins at condyloid process & mandibular fossa
condylar synovial joint
Mandibular symphysis
Meeting of hemi-mandibles
Condylar joint
allow movement in 1 plane
small amount of rotation & lateral sliding
Function of fibre-cartilaginous disk in TMJ
allows lateral & rotational grinding
How many teeth in a dog? (adult)
42
2x (I 3/3 + C 1/1 + PM 4/4 + M 2/3)
How many teeth in a cat? (adult)
30
2x (I 3/3 + C 1/1 + PM 3/2 + M 1/1)
Hallmarks of normal dental occlusion
scissor bite - upper slightly rostral to lower, lower incisors rest on cingulum
lower canines rostral to upper
pinking shear effect with premolars
upper last premolar/molars lateral to lower
