Abdomen Flashcards
What are the boundaries of the abdominal cavity?
cr - diaphragm
dor - vertebrae & hypaxial muscles
ven - xiphoid, linea alba
ca - pelvic cavity
List the 5 fs of abdominal enlargement.
fat feces flatus (gas) foetus fluid
What are the gross contents of the abdominal cavity?
peritoneum/peritoneal cavity GI tract liver/pancreas/spleen adrenal glands Urinary tract reproductive tract BV
List the types & functions of peritoneum in the abdomen.
parietal lines body wall
visceral covers viscera
What is the difference between M&F visceral peritoneum?
male is enclosed
female uterine tube enters into peritoneal cavity
What is retroperitoneal?
organs that don’t hang down into abdominal cavity
only have their ventral parietal peritoneum
Describe the location of the stomach.
cranial in abdomen (within rib cage)
caudal to liver
Draw & label a schematic of the stomach.
add photo
What are the main components of the small intestine?
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
Describe the characteristics of the duodenum.
dorsal R side abdomen
little mobility
3 parts: descending duodenum, caudal flexure, ascending duodenum
Describe the characteristics of the jejunum.
long & mobile
ventral abdomen
unique blood supply
Describe the characteristics of the ileum.
short
terminal SI
less mobile
Describe the main components of the large intestine.
caecum (blind end)
colon (ascending, transverse, descending )
rectum
Draw & label a schematic of the abdominal organs.
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Describe the ileocaecolic junction.
.
List the peritoneal attachments of the stomach.
lesser omentum
greater omentum
Describe the greater omentum.
double walled
“lacy”
includes gastrosplenic ligament
function: lube, lymph, fat deposit
Where is the lesser omentum located?
lesser curvature of stomach -> liver
Draw & label a schematic of the peritoneal stomach attachments.
add photo
List the regional names of the peritoneal attachments in the small intestine.
mesoduodenum great mesentery root of mesentery doudenocolic fold ileocaecal fold
List the regional names of the peritoneal attachments in the large intestine.
mesocolon
mesorectum
Describe the gross anatomy of the liver.
largest gland most cranial organ in the abdomen 6 lobes (L&R lateral, L&R medial, quadrate, caudate)
Draw & label a schematic of the liver.
add photo
Describe the gross anatomy of the pancreas.
cranial-mid abdomen 2 lobes 2 types of glands ducts empty -> duodenum attaches to mesoduodenum & greater omentum
Describe the gross anatomy of the spleen.
L abdominal wall
strap-like & variable size
palpable
What are the functions of the spleen?
reservoir
RBC deconstruction
lymphocyte production
removes particulate matter
Describe the main parts of the urinary system.
paired kidneys (R cranial to L)
paired ureters
single bladder
Describe the adrenal glands.
craniomedial pole of kidney - retroperitoneal
cortex & medulla
multiple functions
Draw & label a schematic of the urinary system.
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Draw & label a schematic of the female reproductive tract
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Describe the gross anatomy of the ovaries.
caudal to kidneys (R cranial to L)
attached to rib via suspensory ligament
Describe the gross anatomy of the uterus.
attached to ovaries via proper ligament
2 horns, merge to form cervix
all suspended in broad ligament
round ligament/BV embedded in peritoneum
List the visceral reproductive structures in dorsal -> ventral order.
descending colon/rectum
uterine body/cervix
bladder/urethra
Describe the abdominal male reproductive tract.
paired ductus deferens (through inguinal rings, suspended in genital folds)
prostate gland
List the principles of the abdominal viscera/wall BV.
arteries from abdominal aorta:
unpaired visceral
paired parietal & visceral
veins flow into caudal vena cava:
paired parietal/visceral
unpaired portal
What is a circulatory anastomosis?
connection between two BV
multiple BV serve same tissue (backup)
List the unpaired visceral arteries.
celiac artery
cranial mesenteric artery
caudal mesenteric artery
Describe the branches of the celiac artery.
hepatic - liver/stomach/pancreas
splenic - spleen/stomach
gastric - stomach/pancreas/omenta
What does the cranial mesenteric artery supply?
duodenum pancreas ileum jejunum caecum colon
What does the caudal mesenteric artery supply?
descending colon
rectum
List the anastomoses of the celiac artery.
oesophageal arteries of thoracic cavity
branches of cranial mesenteric artery
List the anastomoses of the cranial mesenteric artery.
branches of celiac artery
branches of caudal mesenteric artery
List the anastomoses of the caudal mesenteric artery.
branches of cranial mesenteric artery
cranial rectal artery
Draw & label a schematic of the branches of the abdominal aorta.
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Describe blood supply to jejunum.
jejunal arteries
from cranial mesenteric artery
forms arches/arcades
(veinous drainage same way)
List the paired parietal arteries.
lumbar (5 from abdominal aorta, 2 from thoracic aorta) phrenicoabdominal arteries deep circumflex iliac arteries external iliac arteries internal iliac arteries
What do the lumbar arteries supply?
vertebral canal
epaxial muscles
dorsal skin
What do the phrenicoabdominal arteries supply?
diaphragm
abdominal wall
What do the deep circumflex iliac arteries supply?
abdominal muscle
caudal abdomen skin
flank
cranial thigh
What do the external iliac arteries supply?
hindlimb
abdominal wall
List the external iliac arteries.
deep femoral
caudal epigastric
caudal superficial epigastric
What do the internal iliac arteries supply?
muscles over ilium
Describe the paired visceral arteries.
renal (large, supply kidneys)
ovarian/testicular (supply genitalia - lie in peritoneal fold)
Draw & label a schematic of the caudal vena cava tributaries.
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What are the main rules of the abdominal venous drainage?
eventually -> caudal vena cava
no unpaired directly to caudal vena cava
portal vein drains all parts of GI tract into liver
paired veins close to equivalent arteries
Describe the liver’s blood supply.
dual portal vein (75%) hepatic artery (25%)
Describe the portal vein.
supplied by unpaired visceral arteries
carries deoxygenated venous blood to liver
List in order the GI-hepatic cardiac circulation.
artery arterioles capillaries in tissue venules veins portal vein hepatic capillary bed hepatic veins caudal vena cava RA of heart
What are the large tributaries to portal vein?
cranial mesenteric
caudal mesneteric
splenic
gastroduodenal
What does the cranial mesenteric vein drain?
caudal duodenum
pancreas
jejunum
ileum
What does the caudal mesenteric vein drain?
caecum
colon
What does the splenic vein drain?
stomach
spleen
pancreas
greater omentum
What does the gastroduodenal vein drain?
duodenum
stomach
pancreas
greater omentum
List the paired parietal veins.
phrenicoabdominal (caudal & cranial) deep circumflex iliac external iliac internal iliac lumbar
What do the phrenicoabdominal veins drain?
diaphragm
abdominal wall
What do the deep circumflex veins drain?
abdominal wall
What do the external iliac veins drain?
hindlimb
abdominal wall
What do the internal iliac veins drain?
muscles over ilium
rectum
anal region
List the paired visceral veins.
hepatic
renal
ovarian/testicular
What do the hepatic veins drain?
liver -> caudal vena cava
What do the renal veins drain?
kidneys
What do the ovarian/testicular veins drain?
genitalia
R -> caudal vena cava
L -> L renal vein -> caudal vena cava
Draw & label a schematic of the ovarian/uterine blood supply.
add photo
List the blood supply to the ovaries & uterus.
ovarian arteries (ovaries, uterine tubes, cranial horns) uterine artery (horn & body) (they anastomose)
List the blood drainage from the ovaries & uterus.
ovarian vein (R -> caudal vena cava) (L -> L renal -> caudal vena cava) uterine vein (-> internal iliac)
