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Animal Body 1 > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the abdominal cavity?

A

cr - diaphragm
dor - vertebrae & hypaxial muscles
ven - xiphoid, linea alba
ca - pelvic cavity

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2
Q

List the 5 fs of abdominal enlargement.

A 
fat
feces
flatus (gas)
foetus 
fluid
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3
Q

What are the gross contents of the abdominal cavity?

A 
peritoneum/peritoneal cavity
GI tract
liver/pancreas/spleen
adrenal glands
Urinary tract
reproductive tract 
BV
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4
Q

List the types & functions of peritoneum in the abdomen.

A

parietal lines body wall

visceral covers viscera

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5
Q

What is the difference between M&F visceral peritoneum?

A

male is enclosed

female uterine tube enters into peritoneal cavity

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6
Q

What is retroperitoneal?

A

organs that don’t hang down into abdominal cavity

only have their ventral parietal peritoneum

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7
Q

Describe the location of the stomach.

A

cranial in abdomen (within rib cage)

caudal to liver

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8
Q

Draw & label a schematic of the stomach.

A

add photo

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9
Q

What are the main components of the small intestine?

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

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10
Q

Describe the characteristics of the duodenum.

A

dorsal R side abdomen
little mobility
3 parts: descending duodenum, caudal flexure, ascending duodenum

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11
Q

Describe the characteristics of the jejunum.

A

long & mobile
ventral abdomen
unique blood supply

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12
Q

Describe the characteristics of the ileum.

A

short
terminal SI
less mobile

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13
Q

Describe the main components of the large intestine.

A

caecum (blind end)
colon (ascending, transverse, descending )
rectum

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14
Q

Draw & label a schematic of the abdominal organs.

A

add photo

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15
Q

Describe the ileocaecolic junction.

A

.

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16
Q

List the peritoneal attachments of the stomach.

A

lesser omentum

greater omentum

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17
Q

Describe the greater omentum.

A

double walled
“lacy”
includes gastrosplenic ligament
function: lube, lymph, fat deposit

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18
Q

Where is the lesser omentum located?

A

lesser curvature of stomach -> liver

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19
Q

Draw & label a schematic of the peritoneal stomach attachments.

A

add photo

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20
Q

List the regional names of the peritoneal attachments in the small intestine.

A 
mesoduodenum
great mesentery
root of mesentery
doudenocolic fold
ileocaecal fold
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21
Q

List the regional names of the peritoneal attachments in the large intestine.

A

mesocolon

mesorectum

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22
Q

Describe the gross anatomy of the liver.

A 
largest gland 
most cranial organ in the abdomen
6 lobes (L&R lateral, L&R medial, quadrate, caudate)
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23
Q

Draw & label a schematic of the liver.

A

add photo

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24
Q

Describe the gross anatomy of the pancreas.

A 
cranial-mid abdomen
2 lobes
2 types of glands
ducts empty -> duodenum
attaches to mesoduodenum & greater omentum
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25
Q

Describe the gross anatomy of the spleen.

A

L abdominal wall
strap-like & variable size
palpable

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26
Q

What are the functions of the spleen?

A

reservoir
RBC deconstruction
lymphocyte production
removes particulate matter

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27
Q

Describe the main parts of the urinary system.

A

paired kidneys (R cranial to L)
paired ureters
single bladder

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28
Q

Describe the adrenal glands.

A

craniomedial pole of kidney - retroperitoneal
cortex & medulla
multiple functions

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29
Q

Draw & label a schematic of the urinary system.

A

add photo

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30
Q

Draw & label a schematic of the female reproductive tract

A

add photo

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31
Q

Describe the gross anatomy of the ovaries.

A

caudal to kidneys (R cranial to L)

attached to rib via suspensory ligament

32
Q

Describe the gross anatomy of the uterus.

A

attached to ovaries via proper ligament
2 horns, merge to form cervix
all suspended in broad ligament
round ligament/BV embedded in peritoneum

33
Q

List the visceral reproductive structures in dorsal -> ventral order.

A

descending colon/rectum
uterine body/cervix
bladder/urethra

34
Q

Describe the abdominal male reproductive tract.

A

paired ductus deferens (through inguinal rings, suspended in genital folds)
prostate gland

35
Q

List the principles of the abdominal viscera/wall BV.

A

arteries from abdominal aorta:
unpaired visceral
paired parietal & visceral

veins flow into caudal vena cava:
paired parietal/visceral
unpaired portal

36
Q

What is a circulatory anastomosis?

A

connection between two BV

multiple BV serve same tissue (backup)

37
Q

List the unpaired visceral arteries.

A

celiac artery
cranial mesenteric artery
caudal mesenteric artery

38
Q

Describe the branches of the celiac artery.

A

hepatic - liver/stomach/pancreas
splenic - spleen/stomach
gastric - stomach/pancreas/omenta

39
Q

What does the cranial mesenteric artery supply?

A 
duodenum
pancreas 
ileum
jejunum
caecum
colon
40
Q

What does the caudal mesenteric artery supply?

A

descending colon

rectum

41
Q

List the anastomoses of the celiac artery.

A

oesophageal arteries of thoracic cavity

branches of cranial mesenteric artery

42
Q

List the anastomoses of the cranial mesenteric artery.

A

branches of celiac artery

branches of caudal mesenteric artery

43
Q

List the anastomoses of the caudal mesenteric artery.

A

branches of cranial mesenteric artery

cranial rectal artery

44
Q

Draw & label a schematic of the branches of the abdominal aorta.

A

add photo

45
Q

Describe blood supply to jejunum.

A

jejunal arteries
from cranial mesenteric artery
forms arches/arcades
(veinous drainage same way)

46
Q

List the paired parietal arteries.

A 
lumbar (5 from abdominal aorta, 2 from thoracic aorta)
phrenicoabdominal arteries
deep circumflex iliac arteries
external iliac arteries
internal iliac arteries
47
Q

What do the lumbar arteries supply?

A

vertebral canal
epaxial muscles
dorsal skin

48
Q

What do the phrenicoabdominal arteries supply?

A

diaphragm

abdominal wall

49
Q

What do the deep circumflex iliac arteries supply?

A

abdominal muscle
caudal abdomen skin
flank
cranial thigh

50
Q

What do the external iliac arteries supply?

A

hindlimb

abdominal wall

51
Q

List the external iliac arteries.

A

deep femoral
caudal epigastric
caudal superficial epigastric

52
Q

What do the internal iliac arteries supply?

A

muscles over ilium

53
Q

Describe the paired visceral arteries.

A

renal (large, supply kidneys)

ovarian/testicular (supply genitalia - lie in peritoneal fold)

54
Q

Draw & label a schematic of the caudal vena cava tributaries.

A

add photo

55
Q

What are the main rules of the abdominal venous drainage?

A

eventually -> caudal vena cava
no unpaired directly to caudal vena cava
portal vein drains all parts of GI tract into liver
paired veins close to equivalent arteries

56
Q

Describe the liver’s blood supply.

A 
dual 
portal vein (75%)
hepatic artery (25%)
57
Q

Describe the portal vein.

A

supplied by unpaired visceral arteries

carries deoxygenated venous blood to liver

58
Q

List in order the GI-hepatic cardiac circulation.

A 
artery 
arterioles
capillaries in tissue
venules
veins 
portal vein
hepatic capillary bed
hepatic veins
caudal vena cava
RA of heart
59
Q

What are the large tributaries to portal vein?

A

cranial mesenteric
caudal mesneteric
splenic
gastroduodenal

60
Q

What does the cranial mesenteric vein drain?

A

caudal duodenum
pancreas
jejunum
ileum

61
Q

What does the caudal mesenteric vein drain?

A

caecum

colon

62
Q

What does the splenic vein drain?

A

stomach
spleen
pancreas
greater omentum

63
Q

What does the gastroduodenal vein drain?

A

duodenum
stomach
pancreas
greater omentum

64
Q

List the paired parietal veins.

A 
phrenicoabdominal (caudal & cranial)
deep circumflex iliac
external iliac
internal iliac 
lumbar
65
Q

What do the phrenicoabdominal veins drain?

A

diaphragm

abdominal wall

66
Q

What do the deep circumflex veins drain?

A

abdominal wall

67
Q

What do the external iliac veins drain?

A

hindlimb

abdominal wall

68
Q

What do the internal iliac veins drain?

A

muscles over ilium
rectum
anal region

69
Q

List the paired visceral veins.

A

hepatic
renal
ovarian/testicular

70
Q

What do the hepatic veins drain?

A

liver -> caudal vena cava

71
Q

What do the renal veins drain?

A

kidneys

72
Q

What do the ovarian/testicular veins drain?

A

genitalia
R -> caudal vena cava
L -> L renal vein -> caudal vena cava

73
Q

Draw & label a schematic of the ovarian/uterine blood supply.

A

add photo

74
Q

List the blood supply to the ovaries & uterus.

A 
ovarian arteries (ovaries, uterine tubes, cranial horns)
uterine artery (horn & body)
(they anastomose)
75
Q

List the blood drainage from the ovaries & uterus.

A 
ovarian vein (R -> caudal vena cava) (L -> L renal -> caudal vena cava)
uterine vein (-> internal iliac)

Animal Body 1 (20 decks)

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