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Animal Body 1 > Body Wall > Flashcards

Body Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the body wall?

A

dorsal: thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, by-axial muscles
lateral: muscles of flank
caudal: pelvic inlet
ventral: rectus abdominus & aponeuroses of abdominal muscles

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2
Q

List paired abdominal wall muscles.

A

external abdominal oblique
internal abdominal oblique
transverse abdominis
rectus abdominis

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3
Q

Describe the abdominal oblique.

A

origin = lateral ribs
insertion = aponeurosis midline
runs in craniodorsal -> caudoventral direction
part of rectus sheath

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4
Q

Describe the internal abdominal oblique

A

origin = tuber coaxae
insertion = aponeurosis midline
runs in caudodorsal -> cranioventral direction
part of rectus sheath

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5
Q

What is an aponeurosis?

A

sheet-like tendon

translucent

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6
Q

Describe the transverse abdominis.

A

origin = last ribs & lumbar transverse processes
insertion = aponeurosis midline
runs dosoventrally
part of rectus sheath

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7
Q

Describe the rectus abdominis.

A

origin = sternum
insertion = pubis via prepubic tendon
runs craniocaudal
fibrous bands across

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8
Q

What provides strength to the abdomen?

A

lattice-work fibre pattern of abdominal muscles

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9
Q

Explain the actions of the abdominal muscles.

A

contraction = doming of diaphragm
fixed diaphragm + contraction = increased abdominal pressure
posture & movement

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10
Q

What are the nerve & vascular supplies to the abdominal muscles?

A

caudal intercaustal nerves
ventral lumbar nerves
cranial superficial epigastric arteries
caudal superficial epigastric arteries

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11
Q

What is the rectus sheath?

A

external = combined aponeurotic tendons ventral to rectus abdominus
internal = combined aponeurotic tendons dorsal to rectus abdominus
external & internal join = linea alba

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12
Q

What is the falciform ligament?

A

fold of peritoneum between diaphragm, liver, umbilicus

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13
Q

CRANIAL TO UMBILICUS

  1. What are the components of the external rectus sheath?
  2. Internal rectus sheath?
A
  1. external abdominal oblique aponeurosis & ventral internal abdominal oblique aponeurosis
  2. transverse abdominus aponeurosis & dorsal internal abdominal oblique aponeurosis
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14
Q

AT UMBILICUS

  1. What are the components of the external rectus sheath?
  2. Internal rectus sheath?
A
  1. external abdominal oblique aponeurosis & internal abdominal oblique aponeurosis
  2. transverse abdominus aponeurosis
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15
Q

CAUDAL TO UMBILICUS

  1. What are the components of the external rectus sheath?
  2. Internal rectus sheath?
A
  1. external abdominal oblique aponeurosis & internal abdominal oblique aponeurosis & transverse abdominus aponeurosis
  2. N/A
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16
Q

Describe the linea alba

A

midline between rectus abdominus muscle bellies
origin = xyphoid
insertion = prepubic tendon

17
Q

What is an inguinal ring?

A 
superficial = natural opening in aponeurosis of EAO
deep = intersection of free caudal edge of IAO, lateral border of RA, transversals fascia between TA &peritoneum
18
Q

What is the purpose of the inguinal rings?

A

to allow structures to enter/leave abdominal cavity

19
Q

What is the inguinal canal?

A

the space between the deep & superficial inguinal rings

20
Q

What is a vaginal tunic/process?

A

blind-end pouch of peritoneum
tunic - male
process - female
goes through inguinal rings

21
Q

Describe the vaginal tunic.

A

substantial
surrounding testes & spermatic cord structures
goes through inguinal rings

22
Q

Describe the cremaster muscle.

A

alongside vaginal tunic
from caudal border of IAO
pulls testes close to body wall
goes through inguinal rings

23
Q

Describe the vaginal process.

A

surrounds round ligament of uterus

goes through inguinal rings

24
Q

Draw & label a schematic of the inguinal canal of a male dog.

A

add photo

25
Q

List the muscles of inspiration.

A 
scalenus
serrates dorsalis cranialis
rectus thoracic
external intercostal muscles
internal intercostal muscles
26
Q

List the muscles of expiration

A

serrates dorsalis caudalis

internal intercostal muscles

27
Q

Describe the epaxial muscles.

A

paired
dorsal to transverse processes of vertebrae
3 systems of muscles on each side

28
Q

What is the function of epaxial muscles?

A

locomotion
bilateral contraction = extends vertebral column
unilateral contraction = bends body to one side

29
Q

Describe the transversospinalis system.

A

muscle groups with lots

ligamentous has nuchal ligament & supraspinous ligament

30
Q

Describe the longissimus system.

A

muscle group from head to ilium

31
Q

Describe the illiocostalis system.

A

muscle group from caudal neck to ilium

32
Q

Draw & label a schematic of the epaxial muscles.

A

add photo

33
Q

Describe the hypaxial muscle groups.

A

ventral to transverse processes
cervical (flexors of head & neck)
thoracic
sub lumbar (flexors of lumbar vertebrae)

Animal Body 1 (20 decks)

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