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Functional Anatomy > Skull (Lecture 2) > Flashcards

Skull (Lecture 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones in the skull?

A
  • Frotnal Bone
  • Parietal Bone (2)
  • Temporal Bone (2)
  • Occipital bone
  • Zygomatic (2)
  • Mandible
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2
Q

What is the Cranium?

A

Everything but the mandible

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3
Q

What is the Skull?

A

Everything and the Mandible

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4
Q

What is the Calvaria?

A

The Cranium without facial bones

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5
Q

What is the Calotte?

A

The Calvaria without the base

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6
Q

What is the neurocranium?

A

Braincase (protects the brain)

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7
Q

What is the VIscerocranium?

A

Facial skeleton

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8
Q

What is the layers in the Neurocranium?

A

Outer table/Tabula externa (smooth cortical bone that varies in thickness)

Diplöe (vascular, blood producing and adds strength to the vault. Is thick.

Inner table/ Tabula interna (thinner layer of cortical bone

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9
Q

What is the Calvaria composed of?

A
  • Frontal (1)
  • Parietal (2)
  • Occipital (1)
  • Temporal (2)
  • Sphenoid (1)
  • Ethmoid (1)
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10
Q

What are the bones of the Neurocranium?

A
  • Frontal bone (1)
  • Parietal bones (2)
  • Occipital bone (1)
  • Sphenoid bone (1)
  • Temporal bones (2)
  • Ethmoid bone (1)
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11
Q

What are the 4 cranial sutures?

A
  • Coronal suture
  • Sagittal suture
  • Lambdoid suture
  • Squamosal suture(s)
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12
Q

What is the Coronal suture?

A

Connects the frontal and the parietals

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13
Q

What is the Sagittal suture?

A

Connects the parietals

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14
Q

What is the Lambdoid sutures?

A

Connects the Occpitial and the Parietals

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15
Q

What is the Squamosal sutures?

A

Connects each Temporal with each Parietal

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16
Q

What are sutures?

A

Immovable joints in the adult skull

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17
Q

What is the Frontal Squama on the Frontal Bone?

A
  • Forms the forehead
  • Everything superior from the supra-orbital margins
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18
Q

What is the Frontal Eminences on the Frontal Bone?

A
  • Original centres of ossification for the Frontal Bone
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19
Q

What is the Supraorbital margin on the Frontal Bone?

A

The area superior to the orbit

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20
Q

What are Supraorbital notch(es)/foramen(ina)

A

Appear as ither notch or foramen along the superior portion of the orbit

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21
Q

What are foramina in the skull?

A

Narrow openings in the base of the adult skull - allows passage of major nerves and blood vessels

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22
Q

What is the Superorbital ridges?

A

Brow ridges
- Found superior to the orbits

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23
Q

What is the Metopic suture?

A
  • Vertical suture between the left and right frontal halves
  • Variable when retained (fused by age 2)
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24
Q

What is the Temporalis muscle?

A

Muscle found on the temporal line (parietal bone and frontal bone)

  • It is the coronoid process of the mandible
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25
Q

What is the function of the Temporalis muscle?

A
  • Elevates and retracts the mandible
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26
Q

What is the nerve supply for the Temporalis?

A

Deep temporal nerves - Trigeminal nerve

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27
Q

What is the Meningeal groove?

A

Formed for the middle meningeal arteries
- Located ont he endocranial surface

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28
Q

What is the Saggital sulcus?

A
  • Vertical groove running down the midline of the frontal bone
  • Located on the endocranial surface
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29
Q

What is the Frontal Sulcus on the Frontal Bone?

A
  • Verital groove running down the midline of the frontal bone
  • Merges with the saggital crest
  • Located on the endocranial surface
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30
Q

What is the Foramen Cecum?

A
  • Hole located at the base of the frontal crest
  • Located on the endocranial surface
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31
Q

What is the Arachnoid Fovea(e)

A
  • Small rounded depressions
  • Located on the endocranial surface
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32
Q

What are Orbital Plates in the Frontal Bone?

A
  • Orbital roof
  • Forms the sueprior orbital rim and the posterior wall of the orbit
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33
Q

What is the Lacrimal fossa(e)?

A

House the lacrimal glands
- Located at the laterla and inferior parts of the orbit

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34
Q

What is the Ethmoid Notch in the Frontal Bone?

A

Gap that separates the two orbital plates of the frontal bone

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35
Q

What is the Frontal sinuses?

A

Produces a thin mucus that drains via the nasal passage
- Located in the ethmoid notch

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36
Q

What is the Zygomatic process?

A

Bone that forms the most anterolateral corners of the frontal bone

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37
Q

What shape does the Parietal bone have?

A

Square

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38
Q

What is the parietal bone?

A

Forms the sides and roof of the cranial vault
- Each one articulates with the opposte parietal

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39
Q

What are the four angles from the parietal bone?

A
  • Frontal Angle
  • Occipital Angle
  • Sphenoidal Angle
  • Mastoid Angle
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40
Q

Where can the Frontal Angle be found?

A

Located at Bregma. Superior and interior corner

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41
Q

Where can the Occipital Angle be found?

A

Located at Lambda. Superior and posterior corner

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42
Q

Where can the Sphenoidal Angle be found?

A

Located at Pterion. Inferior and anterior corner

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43
Q

Where can the Mastoid Angle be found?

A

Located at Asterion. Inferior and posterior corner

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44
Q

What is the Parietal Eminence?

A

Rounded eminence marking the ossification centre

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45
Q

What is the Parietal foramen?

A
  • Small foramen located near lambda
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46
Q

What si the Parietal striae in the parietal bone?

A

Striations that extend posterosuperiorly on the endocranial surface

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47
Q

What are Meningaeal grooves in the parietal bone?

A
  • Formed for the middel meningeal arteries
  • Located on the endocranial surface
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48
Q

What is the Sagittal sulcus in the parietal bone?

A
  • Veritcal groove running along the sagittal suture of the parietal
  • Located on the endocranial surface
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49
Q
A
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50
Q

What is the Temporal Bone?

A
  • Irregular shape
  • Temporamandibular joint
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51
Q

Function of the Temporal Bone?

A
  • Houses the delicate bone for hearing
  • Forms upper surface of the joints for the jaw
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52
Q

What is the Temporal Squama in the Temporal Bone?

A

Plate like bone forms part of the cranial wall

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53
Q

What is the Temporal Bone in the Suprameatal crest?

A

Superior root of the zygomatic process

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54
Q

What is the Supramastoid crest in the Temporal Bone?

A

Posterior extension of the suprameatal crest

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55
Q

What is the External Auditory Meatus in the Temporal Bone?

A

Extenal opening of the ear canal

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56
Q

What is the Mastoid process in the Temporal Bone?

A

Tear shaped boney protusion
- Posterior to the EAM

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57
Q

What is the function of the Mastoid process?

A

Attachment site for Sternocleidomastoid muscle, Splenius capitis muscle, and Longissimus capitis muscle

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58
Q

What is the origin of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

Superior part of the Manubrium and medial part of the Clavicle

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59
Q

What is the insertion of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

Mastoid process of the temporal and superior nuchal line of the occiptal

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60
Q

What is the action and the nerve supply of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

Flexes the head and turns the head from side to side

Nerve supply: Accessory nerve

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61
Q

What is the origin of the Splenius Capitis Muscle?

A

Lower part of the Nuchal ligament and Spinous processes of C7-T3/4 (Cervical Vertebrae)

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62
Q

What is the origin of the Longissimus Capitis muscle?

A

Superior articular processes C3/4-C7
and Transverse processes T1-T4/5

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63
Q
A
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64
Q

What is the insertion of Splenius Capitis Muscle?

A

Mastoid process of the Temporal and Superior nuchal line of the Occiptal

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65
Q

What is the action and nerve supply of the Splenius Capitis Muscle?

A

Extends and rotates the head

Nerve supply: Spinal nerves C3 and C4

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66
Q
A
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67
Q

What is the insertion of the Longissimus Capitis Muscle?

A

Mastoid process (Temporal bone)

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68
Q

What is the action and nerve supply for the Longissimus Capitis Muscle?

A

Laterally flexes and rotates the head

Nerve supply: Spinal nerves C1, C2, C3, C4

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69
Q

What is the Temporomandibular articular surface (TAS)

A
  • Articulation point for the temporal bone and the mandible
  • Smooth surface which is inferior to the root of the zygomatic process
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70
Q

What is the Petrous pyramid?

A

Pyramid shaped part of the temporal bone
- Houses the auditory ossicles
- Transmits facial nerve (cranial nerve 7)

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71
Q

What is the Internal auditory meatus in the temporal bone?

A

Small hole on the petrous pyramid of the temporal bone

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72
Q
A
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73
Q

What is the sigmoid sulcus on the temporal bone?

A

Large groove at the posterior base of the petrous pyramid

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74
Q

What is the Articular emience on the temporal bone?

A

Anterior part of the temporomandibular articular surface

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75
Q

What is the Mandibular fossa of the temporal bone?

A

Posterosuperior to the articular eminence

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76
Q

What is the Carotid canal on the temporal bone?

A

Large circular canal which is anterior to the Jugular fossa

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77
Q

What is the Jugular fossa on the temporal bone?

A

An indentation that is located medial to the Styloid process

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78
Q

What is the Styloid process of the temporal bone?

A

Thin and pointed bony rod that points anteroinferiorly

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79
Q

Where the Stlohyoid ligament connect to and from?

A

From the Styloid process of the temporal to the hyoid bone

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80
Q

What is the Stylomastoid foramen?

A

A hole that is connected posterior the base of the Styloid process

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81
Q

What is the Mastoid notch?

A

A notch that is located medial to the Mastoid process

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82
Q

What is the Occipital groove on the Temporal Bone?

A

A groove that lies next to the Mastoid notch

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83
Q

What is the Zygomatic process in the temporal bone?

A

Thin projection of bone that forms the posterior protion of the Zygomatic arch

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84
Q

What is the origin of the masseter muscle?

A

Zygomatic arch of the temporal

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85
Q

What is the insertion of the masseter muscle?

A

Ramus and Masseteric tuberosity of the Mandible

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86
Q

What is the action and nerve supply of the Masseter Muscle?

A

Elevates the Mandible to occlude teeth

Nerve supply: Trigeminal nerve (mandibular branch)

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87
Q

What bones does the Occiptial Bon articulate with?

A
  • Temporals
  • Sphenoid
  • Parietal
  • C1
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88
Q

What is the Occipital planum of the Occipital Bone?

A
  • Part of the Occiptal squama above the Superior nuchal lines
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89
Q

What is the External occipital protuberance?

A
  • A bony projection in the midline of the Occipital bone, on the ectocranial (outside) surface.
  • Located at the point at which the Nuchal and Occipital planes meet.
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90
Q

What ligament attaches to the Extenal occipital protuberance?

A

Ligamentum Nuchae

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91
Q

Where does the Nuchal Ligament attach to and from?

A

From the External occiptal protuberance to the spinous process of C7

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92
Q

What is the Superior Nuchal lines?

A

Lie to either side of the midline of the ectocranial (outside surface) of the Occipital squama.

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93
Q

What attaches to the Superior Nuchal lines?

A
  • Trapezius muscle
  • Laterally Sternocleidomastoid muscle -Splenius capitis muscle.
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94
Q
A
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95
Q

What is the origin of the Trapezius Muscle?

A

Superior nuchal line of the Occipital, External occipital proturbance, Nuchal ligament and Spinous processes of C7-T12

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96
Q

What is the insertion of Trapezius muscle?

A

Lateral 3rd of the Clavicle, Acromion and crest of the Spine (Scapula)

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97
Q

What is the action and nerve supply of the Trapezius Muscle?

A

Rotates inferior angle of the Scapular laterally.
- Raises and depresses the shoulder and draws the the Scapula backwards

Nerve supply: Accessory nerve

98
Q

What is the origin of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

Superior part of the Manubrium and the medial part of the Clavicle

101
Q

What is the insertion of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

Mastoid process of the temporal and superior nuchal line of the Occiptial

102
Q

What is the action and the nerve supply of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

Flexes the head and turns the head from side to side

Nerve supply: Accessory nerve

103
Q

What is the origin of the Splenius capitis muscle?

A

Lower of the Nuchal ligament and Spinous processes of C7-T3/4

104
Q

What is the insertion of the Splenius capitis muscle?

A

Mastoid process of the Temporal and Superior nuchal line of the Occipital

105
Q

What is the action and nerve supply of the Splenius capitis?

A

Extends and rotates the head

Nerve supply: Spinal nerves C3 and C4

106
Q

What is the origin of the Semispinallis capitis muscle?

A

Superior articular proceses C4/5-C7 and transverse processes of C7/T1-T6/7

107
Q

What is the insertion of the Semispinallis capitis muscle?

A

Nuchal planum - between the superior and inferior nuchal lines

108
Q

What is the action and the nerve supply of the semispinallis capitis?

A

Extends and hyperextends the head

Nerve supply: Spinal nervs (C2 and C3)

109
Q

What is the Nuchal planum in the Occipital Bone?

A

Part of the Occipital squama below the Superior nuchal lines

110
Q

What is the inferior nuchal lines on the occipital bone?

A

Lines parallel to the superior nuchal lines but found further down near midway of the nuchal planum

111
Q

What attaches to the Inferior nuchal lines on the Occipital Bone?

A

Medially - Rectus capitis posterior minor msucle
Laterally - Rectus capitis posterior major muscle

112
Q

What is the origin of the Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Muscle?

A

Posterior arch of Altas

113
Q

What is the Insertion of Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Muscle?

A

Inferior nuchal line of the Occiptial

114
Q

What is the action and the nerve supply of the Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Muscle?

A

Extends the head

Nerve supply: Spinal Nerve (C1)

115
Q

What is the origin of Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Muscle?

A

Spinous process of Axis

116
Q

What is the Insertion of Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Muscle?

A

Inferior nuchal line of hte Occiptial

118
Q

What is the action and nerve supply of Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Muscle?

A

Extends and rotates the head

Spinal Nerve: Spinal nerve (C1)

119
Q

What is the Median Nuchal line?

A

Crest that splits the Nuchal line vertically down a midline
- Starts at the Extenal occiptial protuberance and extends to the rear of the foramen magnum

120
Q

What is the attachement point for Ligamentum Nuchae?

A

Median nuchal line

121
Q

What is the Nuchal ligament attached to and from?

A

From the External occiptal proturbance to spinous process of C7

122
Q

What is the Foramen magnum in the occiptal bone?

A

Large hole in the base of the Occipital through which the brain stem passes inferiorly into the vertebral canal

124
Q

What is the attachment point for in the Foramen magnum?

A

Anterior to the Foramen magnum on the inferior surface - Rectus capitis anterior muscle

125
Q

What is the origin of the Rectus Capitis Anterior Muscle?

A

Anterior base of Transverse process of Atlas

126
Q

What is the Insertion of the Rectus capitis anterior muscle?

A

Occiptial, anterior to foramen magnum

127
Q

What is the action and nerve supply of the Rectus capitis anterior muscle?

A

Flexes the head

Nerve supply: Spinal nerves (C1 and C2)

128
Q

What is the Occiptial Condyle in the Occiptial bone?

A

Raised oval bone projections found either side of the Foramen magnum

129
Q

What is the groove for the medulla obongata?

A

An indentation (hollow) on the endocranial surface of basilar part of the Occipital.

130
Q

What is the Hypoglossal canal?

A

Holes through the anterior part of the base of the Occipital and superior the Occipital condyles

131
Q

What is the Condylar fossa(e) in the Occipital bone?

A

Small depressions posterior behind to the Occipital condyles

132
Q

What is the Condylar foramen(ina)?

A

Holes that are found in the base of the Condylar fossae.

133
Q

What is the Sagittal suclus in the Occipital bone?

A

A groove that passes superiorly from the Internal occipital protuberance.

134
Q

What is the Cerebral fossa(e) in the Occipital Bone?

A

Circular depressions either side of the Occipital sulcus and superior to the Internal occipital protuberance and Transverse sulci.

135
Q

What is the Cerebellar fossa(e) in the Occipital Bone?

A

Circular depressions either side of the Internal occipital crest

Inferior to the internal occipital protuberance and Transverse sulci

136
Q

What is the Cruiform eminence in the Occipital Bone?

A

Divides the endocranial surface of the Occipital squama into four fossae

137
Q

What is the Transverse suclus in the Occipital Bone?

A

Grooves that form the transverse (left and right) arms of the Cruciform eminence.

139
Q

What is the Internal occipital crest in the Occipital Bone?

A

Inferior arm of the Cruciform eminence

140
Q

What is the Maxilla?

A
  • Holds teeth and form most of the nose and floor of the orbits
141
Q

What does the Maxilla articulates with?

A
  • Frontal
  • Nasal
  • Lacriminal
  • Ethmoid
  • INC
  • Palatine
  • Vomer
  • Zygomatics
  • Sphenoid
142
Q

What is the frontal process of the Maxilla?

A

Vertical piece of bone that rises up to articulate with the Frontal, Nasals, Lacrimal, and Ethmoid.

143
Q

What is the Zygomatic process in the Maxilla?

A

The section of bone on the lateral side that forms the cheek

144
Q

What is the infraorbital foramen in the Maxilla?

A

Hole that is found just inferior to the Orbit

145
Q

What is the Canine fossa in the Maxilla?

A

The hollow found just inferior to the infraorbital foramen

146
Q

What is the Palatine process in the Maxilla?

A

Part of the bone that forms the anterior (front) two thirds of the hard palate.

147
Q

What is the Maxillary sinus in the Maxilla?

A

Large void found in the body of the Maxilla

148
Q

What is the Anterior nasal spine in the Maxilla?

A

Thin projection of bone on the midline, inferior to the margin of the Nasal aperture

149
Q

What is the Canine jugum in the Maxilla?

A

Bony protrusion (lump) over the Maxillary canine root on the facial surface of the Maxilla

150
Q

What is the Alveolar process in the Maxilla?

A

Portion of the Maxilla that holds the tooth roots.

151
Q

What is the incisive foramen in the Maxilla?

A

Hole found in the anterior front portion of the hard palate

152
Q

What is the Alveoli in the Maxilla?

A

Sockets for the tooth roots

153
Q

What is the Zygomatic?

A

Forms the cheeks

154
Q

What does the Zygomatic articulate with?

A
  • Frontal
  • Sphenoid
  • Temporal
  • Maxilla
155
Q

What is the Frontal process in the Zygomatic?

A

Thin portion of bone rising vertically forming the lateral edge of the orbit

156
Q

What si the Maxillary process in the Zygomatic ?

A

Portion of bone that extends towards the midline forming the inferior edge of the orbit.

157
Q

What is the Temporal process in the Zygomatic?

A

Extends posteriorly and joins with the Zygomatic process of the Temporal bone to form the Zygomatic arch.

158
Q

What is the Zygomaticofacial foramen in the Zygomatic?

A

Small hole(s) found just inferior to the Orbits and inferomedial from the Frontal process.

159
Q

What is the Masseteric origin in the Zygomatic?

A

Roughened triangular shaped inferior bottom edge of the bone

160
Q

What attaches to the Masseteric origin?

A

Masseter muscle

161
Q

The is the origin of the Masseter Muscle?

A

Zygomatic arch of the Temporal/Zygomatic

162
Q

What is the insertion of the Masseter Muscle?

A

Ramus and Masseteric tuberosity of the Mandible

163
Q

What is the action and nerve supply of the Masseter muscle?

A

Elevates the Mandible to occlude teeth

Nerve supply: Trigeminal nerve

164
Q

What is the Mandible and its function?

A
  • Lower jaw
  • Primary function is mastication
165
Q

What does the Mandible split into?

A
  • The corpus
  • The ascending ramii
166
Q

What is the corpus in the Mandible?

A

Thick part of the mandible that is particularly dense and anchors the mandibular teeth.

167
Q

What is the Extramolar sulcus in the Mandible?

A

A gutter between the anterior edge of the Ascending ramus and the back of the last molar tooth

168
Q

What is the Mandibular condyle in the Mandible?

A

Large, rounded articular prominence at the posterosuperior corner of the Ascending ramus.

169
Q

What is the Ascending ramus(i) in the Mandible?

A

Is much thinner than the Corpus of the mandible.

It is the vertical part of the Mandible that rises above the teeth and articulates with the rest of the skull.

170
Q

What is the Coronoid process(es) in the Mandible?

A

The top portion of the Ascending ramus and is found anterior (in front of) the Mandibular condyle.

171
Q

What muscle is attached to the Coronoid process(es)?

A

Temporalis muscle

172
Q

What is the Mandibular notches?

A

Notch (indentation) between the Mandibular condyle and Coronoid process

173
Q

What is the origin of the Masseter muscle?

A

Zygomatic arch of the Zygomatic

174
Q

What is the Masseteric tuberosity on the Mandible?

A

Raised, roughened area at the posterolateral

175
Q

What is the attachment point for the Masseter muscle?

A

Masseteric tuberosity

176
Q

What is the action and the nerve supply of the Masseter muscle?

A

Elevates the Mandible to occlude teeth

Nerve supply: Trigeminal nerve (mandibular branch)

177
Q

What is the insertion of the masseter muscle?

A

Ramus and Masseteric tuberosity of the Mandible

178
Q

What is the Oblique line(s) on the Mandible?

A

Weak eminence (projection of bone) that passes from the root of the Ascending ramus anteriorly to the area at the rear of the Mental foramen.

179
Q

What is the mental foramen(ina) in the Mandible?

A

large hole(s) located on the lateral surface of the Corpus.

They are found near to the mid-line of the Mandible.

180
Q

What is the Mental eminence in the Mandible?

A

Is the bony triangular shaped protrusion (chin) at the base of the Corpus

181
Q

What is the Mandibular foramen(ina) in the Mandible?

A

The hole(s) found on the medial surface of the Mandible approximately mid-way up

182
Q

What is the Lingula(e) in the Mandible?

A

A sharp projection of bone found at the anterior (front) edge of the Mandibular foramen

183
Q

What is the Digastric fossa(e) in the Mandible?

A

A pair of depressions found on the posteroinferior (back, bottom) aspect of the Corpus near the midline. They face posteroinferiorly (back and down)

185
Q

What muscle is attaching to the Digastric fossa(e)?

A

Digastric muscle

186
Q

What is the origin for the Digastric muscle

A

Inferior border of the Mandible

187
Q

What is the insertion for the Digastric muscle?

A

Hyoid bone

188
Q

What is the action and the nerve supply of the Digastric muscle?

A

Lowers the Mandible (opnes the mouth) and elevates the Hyoid

Nerve supply: Tirgeminal nerve (mandibular branch)

189
Q

What is the Mental spines of the Mandible?

A

Small protuberances of bone found on the inferior (bottom) internal surface of the Mandible, near the mid-line.

190
Q

What is the muscle in the frontal and parietal bone?

A

Temporalis muscle

191
Q

What is the muscl

192
Q

What are the soft tissues in the temporal bone?

A
  • Sternocleidomastoid muscle
  • Splenius capitis muscle
  • Longissimus capitis muscle
  • Stylohyoid ligament
  • Masseter muscle
193
Q

What is the soft tissues in the Occipital bone?

A
  • Nuchal ligament
  • Trapezius muscle
  • Sternocleidomastoid muscle
  • Splenius capitis muscle
  • Semispinalis capitis muscle
  • Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle
  • Rectus capitis posterior major muscle
  • Rectus capitis anterior muscle
194
Q

What is the muscle in the Zygomatic bone?

A

Masseter muscle

195
Q

What are the muscles in the Mandible?

A
  • Temporalis muscle
  • Masseter muscle
  • Digastric muscle
197
Q

How many bones does the Sphenoid articulate with?

198
Q

What are the greater wings in the Sphenoid?

A

They are the segments that extend furthest away from the body of the sphenoid. They look like wings.

199
Q

What are the Superior orbital fissure in the Sphenoids?

A

Gaps between inferior surfaces of the Lesser wings and anterior front surfaces of the greater wings

200
Q

What are the orbital surfaces in the Sphenoid?

A

Part of the Greater wings of the Sphenoid forming the lateral side walls of the orbit
- Very smooth

201
Q

What are the Sphenoidal sinuses in the Sphenoid?

A

Large hollows within the body of the Sphenoid

202
Q

What are the Pyerygoid processes?

A

Bony projections visible from beneath or from the side of the cranium
- Each Pterygoid process is deivided into two thin plates (Medial and Lateral pterygoid plates)

203
Q

What muscle is the attachment point to the Pterygoid processes?

A

Laterl pterygoid muscle and Medial pterygoid muscle

204
Q

What is the origin to the Lateral Pterygoid muscle?

A

Greater wing of the Sphenoid and the lateral side of the Lateral ptyergoid plate

205
Q

What is the insertion for the Lateral Pterygoid muscle?

A

Condylar neck of the Mandible

206
Q

What is the action and nerve supply of the Lateral Pterygoid muscle?

A

Pushes the Mandible out and opens the mouth

Nerve supply: Lateral pterygoid nerve > Trigeminal nerve (mandibular branch)

207
Q

What is the origin of the Medial pterygoid muscle?

A

Superfical head - pyrmidal process of the palatine and Maxillary tuberosity of the Maxilla

Dead head - Medial side of the Lateral pterygoid plate (Sphenoid)

208
Q

What is the insertion to the Medial Pterygoid Muscle?

A

Pterygoid tuberosities on the Mandible

209
Q

What is the action and nerve supply to the Medial Pterygoid Muscle?

A

Elevates the Mandible

Nerve supply: Medial pterygoid nerve > Trigeminal nerve (mandibular branch)

210
Q

What is the Sella turcica in the Sphenoid?

A

Saddle shaped drepssion on the endocranical surface of the Sphenoid

211
Q

What is the Hypophyseal fossa?

A

Deepest depression on the Sella tucica between the anterior clinoid process and the posterior clinoid process

212
Q

What are the lesser wings on the Sphenoid?

A

Smaller than the Greater wings. Found medially from the Greater wings of the Sphenoid

213
Q

What is the Dorsum sellae in the Sphenoid?

A

Square plate of form forming the posterior boundary of the Sella tucica

214
Q

What is the Foramen rotundum in the Sphenoid?

A

Round shaped holes found at the junction of the Greater wings and the body

215
Q

What is the Foramen ovale in the Sphenoid?

A

Big oval shaped holes found posterior to Foramen rotundum

216
Q

What is the Foramen spinosum in the Sphenoid?

A

Small holes found on the Greater wings
- Found posterolateral of Foramen ovale

217
Q

What is the Ethmoid?

A
  • Walnut shaped
  • Found between the orbits
  • Articulates with 13 cranial bones
218
Q

What is the Cribriform plate in the Ethmoid?

A

Roofs the nasal cavities and is perforated

219
Q

What is the Labyrinth mass(es) in the Ethmoid?

A

Lie either side of the midline consisting of a seires of Ethmoidal cells

220
Q

What is the Crista galli in the Ethmoid ?

A

Perpendicular projection of the Cribriform plate

221
Q

What is the Perpendicular plate in the Ethmoid?

A

Flattenred plate of bone at the midline between the labyrinth masses.
- Forms part of the nasal septum and articulates with the Vomer

222
Q

What is the Palatine?

A

Forms the rear of the hard palatine
- Articulates with Vomer, INC, Ethmoid and each other

223
Q

What is the Posterior nasal spine on the Palatine?

A

Spine of bone found on the superior surface of the Horziontal plate

224
Q

What is the pyramidal process on the Palatine?

A

A thick lump of bone found at the posterior boundary which is triangular in shape

225
Q

What is the Pyramidal process an attachment point for?

A

Medial pterygoid muscle

226
Q

What is the Horizontal plate in the Palatine?

A

Forms the posterior third of the hard palate

227
Q

What is the Nasal bone structure?

A

Small, thin, rectangular
- Found either side of the midline beloew the middel of the frontal bone

228
Q

What is the Nasal foramen in the Nasal?

A

Hole that perforates the facial surface of the bone

229
Q

What is the Lacrimal structure?

A
  • Small thin and fragile
  • Found at the medial walls of the orbit
230
Q

What does the Lacrimal articulate with?

A

Frontal
Maxilla
Ethmoid
INC

231
Q

What is the Posterior lacrimal crest in the Lacrimal?

A

Vertical crest of the bone on the medial.
- Orbital wall that bounds the posterior half ot he Lacrimal groove

232
Q

What is the Inferior Nasal Conchae (INC) structure?

A

Extends along the lateral walls of the nasal aperture
- Function in olfaction and in moistening inhaled air

233
Q

What is the Vomer structure?

A
  • Small and thin
  • Shaped like a plow
  • Found in the midline of the nasal aperture
234
Q

What is the ale(e) in the Vomer?

A

Wing shaped parts of the bone
- Thickest and strongest part

235
Q

What is the Nasopalatine groove in the Vomer?

A

Grooves running either side of the perpendicular plate

236
Q

What is the body in the Hyoid bone?

A

Central portion of bone that fuses to the hyoid horns

237
Q

What are the greater horns in the Hyoid?

A

Long thin structures that form the posterior sides of the hyoid bone

238
Q

What is the lesser horns in the Hyoid?

A

Small concial emiences on the upper surface of the bone

239
Q

What is the soft tissue that attaches to the lesser horn?

A

Stylohyoid ligament

240
Q

What si the Stylohyoid ligament connected to and from?

A

From the Styloid process of the Temporal to the Hyoid bone (lesser horns)

Functional Anatomy (16 decks)

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