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Anatomy - Large Animal > Skull > Flashcards

Skull Flashcards

1
Q

What can impact the shape of the head?

A

age, breed, and gender

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2
Q

In what species is sexual dimorphism seen best in (change in size due to sex)?

A

Ox

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3
Q

In the ox, do males or females have larger skulls?

A

males

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4
Q

Generally, why is the skull larger in large animal (and no, it is not because they are bigger)?

A

because they are herbivores, and they need more surface area for muscle attachment and more volume to house teeth

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5
Q

True or False: the ox has no upper incisors, but has upper canines.

A

False: the ox has no upper incisors or canines

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6
Q

What is the temporal line in the ox?

A

it outlines the temporal fossa (is confined to the frontal bone)

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7
Q

When is the cornual process present and where is it located?

A

it is only present in horned animals and it is located on the frontal bone

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the facial tuberosity?

A

it functions as an area of muscle attachment

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9
Q

Where is the facial tuberosity located in the ox?

A

on the maxilla

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10
Q

What is the function of the facial crest in the horse?

A

it is a site of muscle attachment

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11
Q

Why is the nasoincisive notch clinically relevant in the horse?

A

it is used to find the infraorbital foramen for nerve blocking

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12
Q

In what species is the external lacrimal fossa present in?

A

the sheep

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13
Q

If horned, where would the cornual process be located in the sheep/goat?

A

closer to the orbit due to a smaller frontal bone

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14
Q

What are the foramina on the skull of the dog (6)?

A

optic canal, orbital fissure, rostral alar, round foramen, caudal alar, oval foramen

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15
Q

What goes through the optic canal in the dog?

A

the optic nerve (CN II)

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16
Q

What goes through the orbital fissure in the dog?

A

the oculomotor nerve (CNIII), the trochlear nerve (CN IV), the opthalmic branch of the trigeminal (V1), the abducent nerve CN VI)

17
Q

What goes through the rostral alar foramen in the dog?

A

the maxillary branch of the trigeminal (V2), and the maxillary artery

18
Q

What goes through the round foramen in the dog?

A

the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (V2)

19
Q

What goes through the caudal alar foramen in the dog?

A

the maxillary artery

20
Q

What goes through the oval foramen in the dog?

A

the mandibular branch of the trigeminal (V3)

21
Q

What are the foramina on the caudal portion of the skull in the ruminant?

A

ethmoid foramen, optic canal, foramen orbitorotundum, oval foramen, tympano-occipital, stylomastoid

22
Q

What goes through the optic canal in the ruminant?

A

the optic nerve (CN II)

23
Q

What species is the foramen orbitorotundum in?

A

ruminants and the pig

24
Q

What forms the foramen orbitorotundum?

A

the orbital fissure and round foramen

25
Q

What foes through the foramen orbitorotundum?

A

the oculomotor (CN III), the trochlear (CN IV), the opthalmic and maxillary branches of the trigeminal (V1 and V2), the abducent (CN VI)

26
Q

What goes through the oval foramen in the ruminant?

A

the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

27
Q

What goes through the tympano-occipital fissure in the ruminant?

A

the glossopharyngeal (CN IX), the vagus (CN X), and the accessory (CN XI)

28
Q

What are the foramina on the caudal portion of the skull in the horse?

A

foramen lacerum, optic canal, orbital fissure, rostral alar, and caudal alar

29
Q

What species have the foramen lacerum?

A

the horse and pig

30
Q

What is the foramen lacerum made up of?

A

the jugular foramen, the oval foramen and carotid foramen

31
Q

What goes through the foramen lacerum in the horse?

A

V2, the internal carotid nerve and artery, IX, X, XI

32
Q

What goes through the optic canal in the horse?

A

the optic nerve (CN II)

33
Q

What goes through the orbital fissure in the horse?

A

the oculomotor nerve (CN III), the trochlear nerve (CN IV), the opthalmic branch of the trigeminal (V1), and the abducent nerve (VI)

34
Q

What goes through the rostral alar foramen in the horse?

A

the maxillary branch of the trigeminal and the maxillary artery

35
Q

What goes through caudal alar foramen in the horse?

A

the maxillary artery

Anatomy - Large Animal (21 decks)

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