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Anatomy - Large Animal > Nasal cavity and Paranasal Sinuses > Flashcards

Nasal cavity and Paranasal Sinuses Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nasal diverticulum?

A

a false nostril; pouch

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2
Q

Where is the nasal diverticulum located?

A

dorsal to the lamina or alar cartilage

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3
Q

What species is the nasal diverticulum in?

A

the horse

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4
Q

Where is the nasolacrimal duct located in the horse?

A

within the nostril

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5
Q

At rest, what is the shape of the nostril in the horse?

A

comma shaped

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6
Q

During activity, what is the shape of the nostril in the horse?

A

huge and circular shaped

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7
Q

What are the meatuses in the nasal cavity?

A

dorsal, middle, ventral, common, and ethmoid

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8
Q

What are the nasal chonchae in the nasal cavity?

A

dorsal, ventral, ethmoidal

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9
Q

What is the ethmoidal conchae also known as?

A

turbinates

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10
Q

What is the organization of the bone in the skull?

A

inner trabecular bone with an external cortical bone (laminal layer) and internal cortical bone (laminal layer)

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11
Q

What does the trabecular bone contain?

A

bone marrow

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12
Q

What is the trabecular bone also known as?

A

the dipole

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13
Q

What part of the bone of the skull becomes the paranasal sinus?

A

the dipole part

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14
Q

What is a direct paranasal connection?

A

paranasal sinus is connected to the middle meatus via the nasal maxillary aperture

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15
Q

What is an indirect paranasal connection?

A

paranasal sinus is connected to another paranasal sinus and that paranasal sinus is connected to the middle meatus

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16
Q

What should a normal healthy paranasal sinus be filled with?

A

air

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17
Q

What is the difference between the frontal sinus in the horse and every other species?

A

it is undivided, whereas it is divided in everything else

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18
Q

What is the frontal sinus connected to in everything but the horse?

A

the ethmoid meatus

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19
Q

What is the difference between the maxillary sinus in the horse and every other species?

A

it is divided in the horse, whereas it is undivided in all other species

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20
Q

What is the maxillary sinus connected to in all species?

A

the middle meatus

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21
Q

What are the divisions of the frontal sinus in the ox?

A

rotstral frontal sinus and caudal frontal sinus

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22
Q

Which division of the frontal sinus in the cattle is the most clinically relevant and the largest?

A

the caudal frontal sinus

23
Q

What are the divisions of the rostral frontal sinus?

A

lateral rostral frontal, medial rostral frontal, and intermediate rostral frontal

24
Q

How do the rostral frontal sinus divisions of the ox connect to the ethmoid meatus?

A

via their own connection

25
Q

What are the diverticula associated with the caudal frontal sinus?

A

cornual, nuchal, and post orbital

26
Q

If an ox has horns, when does the cornual diverticula penetrate the cornual process?

A

between 4-6 months of age

27
Q

Where is the nucal diverticula of the caudal frontal sinus in the ox located?

A

it extends out of the frontal bone into the occipital bone

28
Q

Where is the post orbital diverticula of the caudal frontal sinus of the ox located?

A

right behind the eye

29
Q

What does the maxillary sinus of the ox communicate with?

A

the middle nasal meatus

30
Q

What is the thin projection of bone located on the caudal end of the maxillary sinus called?

A

the lacrimal bulla; thicker in small ruminants

31
Q

What are the divisions of the frontal sinus in the small ruminant?

A

lateral and medial

32
Q

If a small ruminant has horns, which division of the frontal sinus will it be associated with?

A

the lateral frontal sinus

33
Q

Which division of the frontal sinus is the largest in the small ruminant?

A

the lateral frontal sinus

34
Q

What does the frontal sinus of the horse open up into?

A

the caudal maxillary sinus

35
Q

What is the frontal sinus of the horse connected to?

A

the dorsal conchal sinus

36
Q

What type of connection is the frontal sinus in the horse?

37
Q

What are the divisions of the maxillary sinus in the horse?

A

caudal and rostral

38
Q

What does the caudal maxillary sinus in the horse open into?

A

the middle nasal meatus

39
Q

What communicates with the caudal maxillary sinus of the horse?

A

sphenopalatine, frontal, and dorsal conchal

40
Q

What does the rostral maxillary sinus open into?

A

the middle nasal meatus

41
Q

True or False: The volume of the maxillary sinus of the horse changes

42
Q

How does the maxillary sinus of the horse change?

A

the alveolar bone on the bottom of the sinus reforms as the reserve crown begins to erupt making it bigger

43
Q

What are the regions of the pharynx?

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngo pharynx

44
Q

What are the boundaries of the nasopharynx?

A

choane to the intrapharyngeal ostium

45
Q

What are the boundaries of the oropharynx?

A

palatoglossal arches to the base of the epiglottis

46
Q

What are the boundaries of the laryngopharynx?

A

base of the epiglottis to the cricoid cartilage

47
Q

What is the dorsal border of the intrapharyngeal ostium?

A

palatopharyngeal arch

48
Q

What is the ventral border of the intrapharyngeal ostium?

A

caudal border of the soft palate

49
Q

What are the rostral and caudal pharyngeal constrictors?

A 
Pterygopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Hyopharyngeus
Thyropharyngeus
Cricopharyngeus
50
Q

What is the contractor and dilator of the prppharynx?

A

stylopharyngeas caudalis

51
Q

What innervates the pharyngeal muscles?

A

the vagus and accessory nerve

52
Q

What are the types of tonsils?

A

lingual, palatine, soft palate, pharyngeal, and tubal

53
Q

What tonsil does the pig not have?

A

the palatine tonsil

Anatomy - Large Animal (21 decks)

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