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Anatomy - Large Animal > Neck structures and muscles > Flashcards

Neck structures and muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the foramina of the atlas in the horse?

A

lateral, alar, and transverse foramen

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2
Q

What courses through the transverse foramina?

A

vertebral vessels and nerves

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3
Q

What is the course of the vertebral artery through the cervical vertebrae?

A

The vertebral artery courses through the alar foramen and then through the lateral vertebral foramen prior to entering the vertebral canal

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4
Q

What is the course of the first cervical spinal nerve through the cervical vertebrae?

A

The first cervical spinal nerve courses from the vertebral canal through the lateral vertebral foramen, then divides into dorsal and ventral branches

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5
Q

What does the ventral branch of the first cervical spinal nerve pass through?

A

the alar foramen

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6
Q

In what species does the alar foramen perforate entirely through?

A

the ruminant

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7
Q

What is the fovea dentis?

A

a structure located on the dorsal surface of the ventral arch on the atlas that articulates with the dens of the axis

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8
Q

What does the cranial articular surface of the atlas articulate with?

A

the occipital condyles of the skull

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9
Q

What does the caudal articular surface of the atlas articulate with?

A

the axis

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10
Q

What are the parts of the transverse process of the cervical vertebrae?

A

ventral and dorsal tubercle

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11
Q

What goes through the transverse canal in the cervical vertebrae?

A

vertebral artery, vein, and nerve

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12
Q

What type of fibers does the vertebral nerve have and what ganglion does it come from?

A

sympathetic post-ganglionic from the cervical-thoracic ganglion

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13
Q

What cervical vertebrae does transverse canal course through in the ruminant?

A

C2-C6

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14
Q

What cervical vertebrae does transverse canal course through in the horse?

A

C1-C6

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15
Q

What is special about C6 in the horse and ruminant?

A

it is block-like and the ventral tubercle of the transverse process is more extensive than that in the previous vertebrae

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16
Q

What is C7 known as?

A

the transitional vertebrae

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17
Q

What large animal species have a nuchal ligament?

A

horse and ruminants

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18
Q

What are the parts of the nuchal ligament?

A

the funicular and laminar part

19
Q

What is the funicular part of the nuchal ligament?

A

the top, thick, most dorsal

20
Q

What is the laminar part of the nuchal ligament?

A

it fans ventrolaterally from the funicular part and connects with the cervical vertebra

21
Q

What is the function of the nuchal ligament?

A

to hold up the head

22
Q

Where does the nuchal ligament terminate?

A

on the occipital bone

23
Q

What structures are located inside the nuchal ligament?

A

bursa

24
Q

What are the names of the bursae in the nuchal ligament?

A

supraspinous, cranial nuchal, caudal nuchal

25
Q

Where is the supraspinous bursa located?

A

it is the most caudal and signifies the transition between the nuchal ligament and the supraspinous ligament

26
Q

Which bursa are present at birth and which develop post natally?

A

the supraspinous bursa is present at birth and the cranial and caudal bursa develop post natally

27
Q

What are the neck muscles of the horse (5)?

A

cleidomastoideus, sternomandibularis, stylothyroideus, stylohyoideus, omohyoideus

28
Q

What are the neck muscles of the ruminant (7)?

A

cleidomastoideus, cleidooccipitalis, sternomastoideus, sternomandibularis (sternozygomaticus in the goat, not present in the sheep), stylothyroideus, stylohyoideus, omohyoideus

29
Q

What muscles does the goat have that other ruminants do not?

A

sternozygomaticus

30
Q

What is the insertion of the sternohyoideus and where is it located in respect to the sternothyroideus?

A

onto the basihyoid; medially located

31
Q

What is the insertion of the sternothyroideus and where is it located in respect to the sternohyoideus?

A

onto the thyroid cartilage: laterally located

32
Q

What is the function of the sternohyoideus and sternothyroideus?

A

they are important in swallowing and laryngeal movement

33
Q

What is the origin of the omohyoideus in the ruminant?

A

from the fascia over C3 and C4

34
Q

What is the insertion of the omohyoideus?

A

basihyoid

35
Q

What is the dorsal jugular furrow landmark in the horse?

A

cleidomastoideus

36
Q

What is the ventral jugular furrow landmark in the horse?

A

sternomandibularis

37
Q

What is the deep jugular furrow landmark in the horse?

A

omohyoideus

38
Q

What is the dorsal jugular furrow landmark in the ruminant?

A

cleidomastoideus

39
Q

What is the deep jugular furrow landmark in the ruminant?

A

sternomastoideus

40
Q

What is the ventral jugular furrow landmark in the ox?

A

sternomandibularis

41
Q

What is the ventral jugular furrow landmark in the goat?

A

sternozygomaticus

42
Q

What structures are located medial to the jugular furrow?

A

vagosympathetic trunk, recurrent laryngeal nerve, and common carotid

43
Q

What are the parts of the thymus in the ox and pig?

A

thoracic, cervical, and cranial

44
Q

What are the parts of the thymus in the horse?

A

thoracic and cervical

Anatomy - Large Animal (21 decks)

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