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Anatomy - Large Animal > Larynx and Guttural Pouch > Flashcards

Larynx and Guttural Pouch Flashcards

1
Q

What are the laryngeal cartilages?

A

epiglottis, thyroid, arytenoid, cricoid

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2
Q

What is the rostral boundary of the larynx?

A

the epiglottis

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3
Q

What is the ventral and lateral boundary of the larynx?

A

thyroid cartilage

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4
Q

What is the dorsal boundary of the larynx?

A

arytenoid cartilage

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5
Q

What is the only paired cartilage in the larynx?

A

the arytenoid cartilage

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6
Q

Which laryngeal cartilage is a complete ring?

A

the cricoid cartilage

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7
Q

What part of the cricoid cartilage is the largest?

A

the dorsal side

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8
Q

What is located on the caudal aspect of the thyroid cartilage in the horse?

A

the caudal thyroid notch and the cricothyroid ligament

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9
Q

What does the cricothyroid ligament connect?

A

they thyroid and cricoid cartilages

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10
Q

Why is the cricothyroid ligament clinically relevant?

A

it is used to access the larynx during surgery

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11
Q

Where is the cuneiform process in the horse?

A

it is at the base of the epiglottis on both sides

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12
Q

What are the parts of the equine arytenoid cartilage?

A

corniculate process, muscular process, and vocal folds

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13
Q

What are the non-cartilagenous structures of the larynx in the horse and pig?

A

vestibular fold, vocal fold, lateral laryngeal ventricle, median laryngeal ventricle

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14
Q

Where is the lateral laryngeal ventricle located?

A

in between the vestibular and vocal folds

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15
Q

Where is the median laryngeal ventricle located?

A

rostral ventral to the lateral laryngeal ventricle

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16
Q

What are the non-cartilagenous structures of the larynx in the ruminant?

A

the vocal fold

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17
Q

What are the laryngeal muscles?

A

cricoarytenoideus dorsalis, cricothyroideus, thyroarytenoideus

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18
Q

What innervates the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis?

A

the caudal laryngeal nerve of the reccurent laryngeal of the vagus

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19
Q

What does the cricoarytnoideus dorsalis do?

A

abducts the arytenoids and vocal cords, and opens the epiglottis

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20
Q

What innervates the cricothyroideus?

A

the cranial laryngeal nerve of the vagus

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21
Q

What innervates the thyroarytenoideus?

A

the caudal laryngeal nerve of the recurrent laryngeal of the vagus

22
Q

What innervates the pharyngeal constrictors?

A

the caudal laryngeal nerve of the recurrent laryngeal

23
Q

What are the bones of the hyoid apparatus in the horse?

A

basihyoid, thyrohyoid, certaohyoid, epihyoid, stylohyoid, tympanohyoid

24
Q

Which part of the hyoid apparatus is unpaired?

A

the basihyoid

25
Q

Which part of the hyoid apparatus has a lingual process?

A

the basihyoid

26
Q

What is the smallest part of the hyoid apparatus?

A

the epihyoid

27
Q

What does the epihyoid fuse with?

A

the stylohyoid

28
Q

What is the largest bone of the hyoid apparatus?

A

the stylohyoid

29
Q

What is the tympanohyoid made up of?

A

hyaline cartilage

30
Q

Where is the tympanohyoid located?

A

where the hyoid apparatus meets the skull

31
Q

What is the purpose of the hyoid apparatus?

A

to suspend the tongue and larynx from the skull and serve as an attachment for the muscles

32
Q

What is the guttural pouch?

A

paired diverticula (out pouching) of the auditory tubes

33
Q

What species is the guttural pouch in?

A

the horse

34
Q

What is the function of the guttural pouch?

A

not really known, blood cools here

35
Q

What is epistaxis?

A

a bloody nose

36
Q

Why is the guttural pouch associated with epistaxis?

A

because the internal carotid artery is within it and is often injured which leads to epistaxis

37
Q

Where is the guttural pouch located?

A

ventral to the skull and the wing of atlas, dorsolateral to the naso and laryngopharynx and retropharyngeal lymph nodes

38
Q

What is the opening to the guttural pouch?

A

the pharyngeal opening to the auditory tube

39
Q

What are the compartments of the guttural pouch?

A

lateral and medial compartments

40
Q

What are the compartments of the guttural pouch separated by?

A

the stylohyoid bone

41
Q

Which compartment of the guttural pouch is bigger?

A

the medial compartment

42
Q

What is the medial compartment dorsally divided by?

A

the insertion of the longus capitis

43
Q

What vessels are associated with the guttural pouch?

A

the internal carotid, external carotid, maxillary artery, and maxillary vein

44
Q

Where in the guttural pouch is the internal carotid artery located?

A

in the medial compartment

45
Q

Where in the guttural pouch is the external carotid artery located?

A

on the floor of the medial compartment and in the lateral compartment

46
Q

Where in the guttural pouch is the maxillary artery located?

A

lateral compartment

47
Q

Where in the guttural pouch is the maxillary vein located?

A

if present in the guttural pouch, it is located in the lateral compartment

48
Q

What nerves are associated with the medial compartment of the guttural pouch?

A

glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, and hypoglossal

49
Q

What nerve is associated with the medial/lateral junction of the guttural pouch?

A

the facial nerve

50
Q

What passes through or is near the guttural pouch (rarely)?

A

the sympathetic trunk and cranial cervical ganglion

Anatomy - Large Animal (21 decks)

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