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Anatomy - Large Animal > Blood Supply and Lymph Centers > Flashcards

Blood Supply and Lymph Centers Flashcards

1
Q

What are the branches of the common carotid artery in the horse?

A

occipital, internal carotid, and external carotid

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2
Q

What does the internal carotid artery supply in the horse?

A

the brain

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3
Q

What are the branches of the external carotid artery in the horse?

A

linguofacial trunk, caudal auricular, superficial temporal, maxillary

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4
Q

What is the branch of the superficial temporal in the horse?

A

the transverse facial artery

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5
Q

What are the branches of the linguofacial trunk in the horse?

A

lingual and facial artery

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6
Q

What are the branches of the facial artery in the horse?

A

inferior labial, superior labial, lateral nasal, dorsal nasal

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7
Q

What happens when the facial artery gives off the dorsal nasal artery?

A

it becomes the angularis oculi

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8
Q

What are the branches of the maxillary artery in the horse?

A

inferior alveolar, infra orbital, and major palatine

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9
Q

What does the infraorbital artery supply in the horse ?

A

the teeth of the upper arcade

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10
Q

Where is the major palatine artery in the horse found?

A

on the lingual surface of the upper dental arcade

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11
Q

What are the common carotid branches in the ox?

A

occipital, internal carotid, and external carotid

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12
Q

What does the internal carotid artery do in the ox?

A

it degenerates

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13
Q

What are the branches of the external carotid artery in the ox?

A

linguofacial branch, caudal auriclar, superficial temporal, and maxillary

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14
Q

What are the branchs of the superficial temporal in the ox?

A

cornual artery and the transverse facial artery

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15
Q

What are the branches of the facial artery in the ox?

A

inferior labial, superior labial, and lateral nasal

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16
Q

After giving off the lateral nasal artery, what does the facial artery do in the ox?

A

it becomes the angularis oculi

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17
Q

What are the branches of the maxillary artery in the ox?

A

inferior alveolar, major palatine, and infraorbital

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18
Q

What is the course of the facial artery in the horse and ox?

A

it courses medial to the mandible until the rostral base of the masseter where it becomes superficial

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19
Q

What are the branches of the common carotid artery in the small ruminant?

A

the external carotid artery and occipital- it has no internal carotid artery

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20
Q

What are the branches of the external carotid artery in the small ruminant?

A

lingual, caudal auricular, superficial temporal, and maxillary

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21
Q

What does the small ruminant have instead of the facial artery and what it is a branch of?

A

the transverse facial artery, a branch of the superficial temporal

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22
Q

What are the venous sinuses of the horse?

A

transverse facial, deep facial, and buccal

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23
Q

Where are the venous sinuses of the horse located?

A

deep to the masseter

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24
Q

What deep facial sinuses of the horse are sandwiched in between the maxilla and masseter?

A

the transverse facial and deep facial

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25
Q

What deep facial sinuses of the horse are sandwiched in between the mandible and the masseter?

A

the buccal

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26
Q

Generally the facial arteries and veins have the same branches and routes, however the facial vein in the ox is different than the facial artery, why?

A

it has a dorsal nasal branch and then it becomes the angularis oculi whereas the arteries do not have the dorsal nasal branch and becomes the angularis oculi after it gives off the lateral nasal

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27
Q

What does the opthalamic orbital venous sinus serve as in the pig?

A

a blood capture site

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28
Q

What structure receives blood to supply the brain?

A

the arterial circle

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29
Q

What supplies the arterial circle?

A

internal carotid artery, vertebral artery, ventral spinal artery and occipital artery

30
Q

If the animal does not have an internal carotid artery, what supplies the arterial circle?

A

the external carotid/maxillary

31
Q

What is the rete mirabile?

A

a large venous sinus that allows for blood to cool

32
Q

How is the rete mirabile formed?

A

the maxillary sends branches through the oval foramen and orbitorotundum, then keeps branching and branching, then they all come together to and send 1 vessel to the brain

33
Q

What is the vessel’s name that the rete mirabile sends to the brain?

A

the intracranial portion of the internal carotid

34
Q

True or False: the internal jugular is only present in the horse

A

False: it is only present in the ox

35
Q

What is the venous drainage of the neck?

A

maxillary and linguofacial to external jugular, internal jugular (if present), vertebral, and deep cervical

36
Q

When bleeding in adult swine, what is the target?

A

the cranial vena cava

37
Q

Which way do you want to direct the needle when bleeding an adult swine?

A

at the peak of the left scapula from the right side

38
Q

Why is the right side preffered when bleeding in adult swine?

A

The left phrenic is more vulnerable on the left side The thoracic duct is emptying on the left side The thyroid gland is more caudal and is more on the left hand side

39
Q

What are the lymphocenters of the head and neck in the ruminant and the horse?

A

parotid lymphocenter, mandibular, retropharyngeal, superficial cervical, and deep cervical

40
Q

Where is the parotid lymphocenter located in the horse and the ruminant?

A

rostral to the parotid salivary gland

41
Q

Where is the mandibular lymphocenter located in the horse and the ruminant?

A

near the center of the mandible, more rostral in the horse

42
Q

Where is the lateral retropharyngeal lymph node located in the horse and the ruminant?

A

caudal to the parotid salivary gland

43
Q

Where is the medial retropharyngeal lymph node located in the horse and the ruminant?

A

medial to the parotid salivary gland

44
Q

Where are the first two regions of the deep cervical lymph center located in relation to the trachea?

A

dorsal

45
Q

Where is the ventral most region of the deep cervical lymph center located in relation to the trachea?

A

ventral and lateral

46
Q

Except in the pig, what structure facilitates the main lymph drainage in the head?

A

the tracheal duct

47
Q

Where is the origin of the tracheal duct in the dog and pig?

A

medial retropharyngeal lymph center

48
Q

Where is the origin of the tracheal duct in the ruminant?

A

the lateral pharyngeal lymph center

49
Q

Where is the origin of the tracheal duct in the horse?

A

the cranial deep cervical lymph center

50
Q

What facilitates the main lymph drainage in the pig?

A

the dorsal superficial cervical

51
Q

What are the lymph nodes in the pig?

A

mandibular, accessory mandibular, dorsal superficial cervical, middle superficial cervical, ventral superficial cervical, parotid, and lateral retropharyngeal

52
Q

Where is the accessory mandibular lymph node located in the pig?

A

Ventral to the linguofacial vein

53
Q

Where is the dorsal superficial cervical lymph node located in the pig?

A

Located in between the trapezius cervicis and the omotransversarius

54
Q

Where is the middle superficial cervical lymph node located in the pig?

A

Deep to the cleidocephalicus

55
Q

Where is the ventral superficial cervical lymph node located in the pig?

A

Ventral to the cleidocephalicus

56
Q

Where is the parotid lymph node located in the pig?

A

rostral to the parotid salivary gland

57
Q

Where is the lateral retropharyngeal lymph node located in the pig?

A

Caudal to the parotid salivary gland

58
Q

When doing nerve blocks, what nerves will you most likely need to block?

A

trigeminal (sensory) facial (motor

59
Q

If you were to do a nerve block to treat something related to the eye in the horse, what nerves would you block?

A

the supraorbital and auriculopalpebral

60
Q

How would you block the supraorbital nerve in the horse?

A

Go medial to the lateral canthus and palpate to the supraorbital foramen and poke

61
Q

How would you block the auriculopalpebral nerve in the horse and ox?

A

Go at the most dorsal point of the zygomatic arch and place the needle medial to it

62
Q

How would you block the cornual nerve in the ox?

A

Go ½ way between the lateral canthus to the base of the horn, then ventral to the temporal line, more rostral is better

63
Q

How would you perform a Peterson block?

A

Go to where the frontal and temporal processes of the zygomatic bone meet, then go medial and slightly rostral to avoid the coronoid processes of the mandible

64
Q

What does the Peterson block block?

A

Everything that comes out of the orbitorotundum: III, IV, VI, V1 and V2

65
Q

What innervates the dorsal lid of the bovine eye?

A

supraorbital of the opthalamic of the trigeminal

66
Q

What innervates the ventral lid of the bovine eye?

A

zygomatic branch of the maxillary of the trigeminal

67
Q

What innervates the medial canthus of the bovine eye?

A

infratrochlear branch of the opthalamic of the trigeminal

68
Q

What innervates the lateral canthus of the bovine eye?

A

lacrimal branch of the opthalamic of the trigeminal

69
Q

What is the torus linguae and what species is it in?

A

it is a mound or elevation of the tongue

70
Q

What is the fossa linguae?

A

a depression at the rostral aspect of the torus linguae

71
Q

What is the big difference in salivary glands across large animal species?

A

the horse does not have a monostomatic sublingual salivary gland

Anatomy - Large Animal (21 decks)

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