Female Reproduction Flashcards
What are the components of the broad ligament?
mesovarium, mesosalpinx, and mesometrium
What does the broad ligament attach to in the cow?
the pelvic inlet
What does the mesovarium do?
attaches the ovary to the abdominal wall
What ligament is associated with the mesovarium?
the proper ligament of the ovary
What does the proper ligament of the ovary do?
connects the ovary to the uterine horn
What does the mesosalpinx do?
surrounds the ovary and holds the uterine tube between it’s two layers
What is the the ovarian bursa created by?
the mesosalpinx
In the dog, what is the structure of the ovarian bursa?
it entirely covers the ovary except for a small slit
In the cow, sow, and horse, what is the structure of the ovarian bursa?
it is less extensive and drapes over the ovary
What does the mesometrium do?
attaches the uterine horn do the abdominal wall
What ligament is associated with the mesometrium?
the round ligament of the uterus
What does the round ligament of the uterus do?
it is the caudal continuation of the proper ligament of the ovary that extends through the inguinal canal
What is the round ligament of the uterus homologous to in the male?
the gubernaculum
Where are the ovarian and uterine vessels located?
within the broad ligament
What is the function of the suspensory ligament of the ovary?
it is part of the mesovarium that connects to the last rib and ‘suspends’ the ovary
What is the intercornual ligament?
a ligament found between two uterine horns where the meet the uterine body
Where is the cortex located in domesticated species - not the horse?
outer area with the follicles
Where is the medulla located in domesticated species - not the horse?
in the center of the ovary
What is different about the horse ovary?
the medulla is on the outside and the cortex is a very small
What is the infundibulum?
the funnel-shaped end of the uterine tube
What is the fimbirae?
finger-like projections on the ingundibulum that direct the egg where to go
What is the abdominal opening of the uterine tube?
the opening in the center of the infundibulum that is the only opening of the peritoneal cavity to the outside
What species has the ovulation fossa?
the horse
What is the ovulation fossa?
a central depression in the ovary where ovulation consistently takes place
When is the cervical canal open?
during estrous and birth
What species have the vaginal recess?
the horse and carnivores
What are pulvini?
mounds/cushions in the cervix that interdigitate and close the cervical canal
Which species have long uterine horns?
carnivores and the sow
Which species has uterine horns that are the same length as the uterine body?
the horse
Characterize the uterine horns and body of the ruminant.
long horns with a short uterine body, the uterine horns are coiled together and bound by intercornual ligaments
What species have placetomes?
ruminants
What is a placetome?
the maternal caruncles and the fetal cotyledon
What are uterine caruncles?
focal elevations in the uterus that serve as sites of attachments for respective cotyledons
What is the cotyledon?
the fetal part of the placenta
What species have the suburethral diverticulum?
the sow and the cow
What is the suburethral diverticulum?
blind pocket cranial and ventral to the external urethral opening, important in cathertitization
What is the vaginal fornix?
the cranioventral recess formed by the cervix bulging into the vagina - in mare and bitch
What species hase vestibular bulbs?
the mare and bitch
What are vestibular bulbs?
an organzed erectile venous plexus
What is the mammary gland?
a modified sweat gland
How do mammary glands reach full development?
lactation
How many mammae do mares have?
2
How many orifices does one mammae have in the mare?
two
How many mammae do cows have?
four
How many orifices does one mammae have in the cow?
one
What is one mammae in the cow considered?
a quarter
How many mamme do the ewe have?
two
When the mammae are only located in the inguinal region, what can they be called?
an udder
What holds the mammae in place?
two medial elastic laminae and two lateral fibroelastic laminae
what do the two medial elastic laminae of the suspensory apparatus create?
an intermammary groove
What do the two lateral fibroelastic laminae of the suspensory apparatus arise from?
the symphyseal tendon and aponeuroses of the abdominal oblique muscle
What does the suspensory apparatus attach to cranially?
the linea alba
What is the symphysial tendon?
the connection between the prepubic tendon and the pelvic symphysis - the suspensory apparatus attaches to this
What are the two parts of the lactiferous sinus?
glandular and teat sinuses
What is the path of milk through the udder?
alveolar duct to lactiferous duct to lactiferous sinus to papillary duct/teat canal
What is Furstenberg’s rosette?
the radial folding of mucosa in the teat canal
What separates the glandular part from the teat sinus?
the annular fold
If the mammary gland in the cow is enlarged with milk, how will the medial and lateral laminae stretch?
the medial will stretch ventrally, the lateral will not move
How many serous membranes need to be incised to gain access to the lumen of the uterus in order to do a C-section?
two
What is the shape of the sow’s cervix?
corkscrew
What is the parent artery of the ovarian artery in the cow and mare?
the abdominal aorta
What are the branches of the ovarian artery in the cow?
uterine and tubular branch
What is special about the middle uterine artery in the cow?
at approximately 5 months of pregnancy you can feel turbulence in this artery (fremitus) through rectal palpation
What are the branches of the vaginal artery in the cow?
ureteral, caudal vesicular, uterine, urethral, and middle rectal
What are the branches of the internal pudendal artery in the cow?
urethral, vestibular, ventral perineal, dorsal labial and clitoral
What does the external iliac artery terminate as in the cow and mare?
femoral artery and deep femoral
What is the main brainch of the pudendoepigastric trunk of the deep femoral in the cow and mare?
caudal epigastric and external pudendal
What are the branches of the external pudendal in the cow and mare?
caudal superficial epigastric and ventral labial
What are the branches of the ovarian artery in the mare?
tubular branch and uterine branch
What is the main brainch of the external iliac in the mare?
uterine artery
What are the branches of the internal iliac in the mare?
internal pudendal and caudal gluteal
What are the branches of the internal pudendal in the mare?
umbilical, vaginal, vestibular, ventral perineal, caudal rectal, and dorsal labial
What is the one branch of the umbilical artery in the mare?
cranial vesicular
What is are the branches of the vaginal in the mare?
ureteral, caudal vesicular, uterine branch, urethral branch, and middle rectal
What is the parent artery for the obuturator artery?
cranial gluteal
What is the branch of the obturator?
middle artery of the clitoris
What are the two primary roots for venous return in the cow udder?
externdal pudendal vein or the superficial caudal epigastric vein
What is another name for the superficial epigastric vein in the cow?
the milk vein
What is a tertiary roud for venous drainage in the cow udder?
the dorsal labial branch
What nerves supply the udder in the cow?
genitofemoral nerve (whole gland), iliohypogasteic and ilioinguinal (cranial part of gland), and mammary branch of pudendal (caudal part of gland)
What lymph node is associated with the mammary gland in the cow?
superficial inguinal lymph node
What are the branches of the umbilical artery in the cow?
cranial vesicular, middle uterine, and ureteral
