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Anatomy - Large Animal > Female Reproduction > Flashcards

Female Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the broad ligament?

A

mesovarium, mesosalpinx, and mesometrium

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2
Q

What does the broad ligament attach to in the cow?

A

the pelvic inlet

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3
Q

What does the mesovarium do?

A

attaches the ovary to the abdominal wall

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4
Q

What ligament is associated with the mesovarium?

A

the proper ligament of the ovary

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5
Q

What does the proper ligament of the ovary do?

A

connects the ovary to the uterine horn

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6
Q

What does the mesosalpinx do?

A

surrounds the ovary and holds the uterine tube between it’s two layers

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7
Q

What is the the ovarian bursa created by?

A

the mesosalpinx

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8
Q

In the dog, what is the structure of the ovarian bursa?

A

it entirely covers the ovary except for a small slit

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9
Q

In the cow, sow, and horse, what is the structure of the ovarian bursa?

A

it is less extensive and drapes over the ovary

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10
Q

What does the mesometrium do?

A

attaches the uterine horn do the abdominal wall

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11
Q

What ligament is associated with the mesometrium?

A

the round ligament of the uterus

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12
Q

What does the round ligament of the uterus do?

A

it is the caudal continuation of the proper ligament of the ovary that extends through the inguinal canal

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13
Q

What is the round ligament of the uterus homologous to in the male?

A

the gubernaculum

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14
Q

Where are the ovarian and uterine vessels located?

A

within the broad ligament

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15
Q

What is the function of the suspensory ligament of the ovary?

A

it is part of the mesovarium that connects to the last rib and ‘suspends’ the ovary

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16
Q

What is the intercornual ligament?

A

a ligament found between two uterine horns where the meet the uterine body

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17
Q

Where is the cortex located in domesticated species - not the horse?

A

outer area with the follicles

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18
Q

Where is the medulla located in domesticated species - not the horse?

A

in the center of the ovary

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19
Q

What is different about the horse ovary?

A

the medulla is on the outside and the cortex is a very small

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20
Q

What is the infundibulum?

A

the funnel-shaped end of the uterine tube

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21
Q

What is the fimbirae?

A

finger-like projections on the ingundibulum that direct the egg where to go

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22
Q

What is the abdominal opening of the uterine tube?

A

the opening in the center of the infundibulum that is the only opening of the peritoneal cavity to the outside

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23
Q

What species has the ovulation fossa?

A

the horse

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24
Q

What is the ovulation fossa?

A

a central depression in the ovary where ovulation consistently takes place

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25
Q

When is the cervical canal open?

A

during estrous and birth

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26
Q

What species have the vaginal recess?

A

the horse and carnivores

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27
Q

What are pulvini?

A

mounds/cushions in the cervix that interdigitate and close the cervical canal

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28
Q

Which species have long uterine horns?

A

carnivores and the sow

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29
Q

Which species has uterine horns that are the same length as the uterine body?

A

the horse

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30
Q

Characterize the uterine horns and body of the ruminant.

A

long horns with a short uterine body, the uterine horns are coiled together and bound by intercornual ligaments

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31
Q

What species have placetomes?

A

ruminants

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32
Q

What is a placetome?

A

the maternal caruncles and the fetal cotyledon

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33
Q

What are uterine caruncles?

A

focal elevations in the uterus that serve as sites of attachments for respective cotyledons

34
Q

What is the cotyledon?

A

the fetal part of the placenta

35
Q

What species have the suburethral diverticulum?

A

the sow and the cow

36
Q

What is the suburethral diverticulum?

A

blind pocket cranial and ventral to the external urethral opening, important in cathertitization

37
Q

What is the vaginal fornix?

A

the cranioventral recess formed by the cervix bulging into the vagina - in mare and bitch

38
Q

What species hase vestibular bulbs?

A

the mare and bitch

39
Q

What are vestibular bulbs?

A

an organzed erectile venous plexus

40
Q

What is the mammary gland?

A

a modified sweat gland

41
Q

How do mammary glands reach full development?

A

lactation

42
Q

How many mammae do mares have?

A

2

43
Q

How many orifices does one mammae have in the mare?

A

two

44
Q

How many mammae do cows have?

A

four

45
Q

How many orifices does one mammae have in the cow?

A

one

46
Q

What is one mammae in the cow considered?

A

a quarter

47
Q

How many mamme do the ewe have?

A

two

48
Q

When the mammae are only located in the inguinal region, what can they be called?

A

an udder

49
Q

What holds the mammae in place?

A

two medial elastic laminae and two lateral fibroelastic laminae

50
Q

what do the two medial elastic laminae of the suspensory apparatus create?

A

an intermammary groove

51
Q

What do the two lateral fibroelastic laminae of the suspensory apparatus arise from?

A

the symphyseal tendon and aponeuroses of the abdominal oblique muscle

52
Q

What does the suspensory apparatus attach to cranially?

A

the linea alba

53
Q

What is the symphysial tendon?

A

the connection between the prepubic tendon and the pelvic symphysis - the suspensory apparatus attaches to this

54
Q

What are the two parts of the lactiferous sinus?

A

glandular and teat sinuses

55
Q

What is the path of milk through the udder?

A

alveolar duct to lactiferous duct to lactiferous sinus to papillary duct/teat canal

56
Q

What is Furstenberg’s rosette?

A

the radial folding of mucosa in the teat canal

57
Q

What separates the glandular part from the teat sinus?

A

the annular fold

58
Q

If the mammary gland in the cow is enlarged with milk, how will the medial and lateral laminae stretch?

A

the medial will stretch ventrally, the lateral will not move

59
Q

How many serous membranes need to be incised to gain access to the lumen of the uterus in order to do a C-section?

A

two

60
Q

What is the shape of the sow’s cervix?

A

corkscrew

61
Q

What is the parent artery of the ovarian artery in the cow and mare?

A

the abdominal aorta

62
Q

What are the branches of the ovarian artery in the cow?

A

uterine and tubular branch

63
Q

What is special about the middle uterine artery in the cow?

A

at approximately 5 months of pregnancy you can feel turbulence in this artery (fremitus) through rectal palpation

64
Q

What are the branches of the vaginal artery in the cow?

A

ureteral, caudal vesicular, uterine, urethral, and middle rectal

65
Q

What are the branches of the internal pudendal artery in the cow?

A

urethral, vestibular, ventral perineal, dorsal labial and clitoral

66
Q

What does the external iliac artery terminate as in the cow and mare?

A

femoral artery and deep femoral

67
Q

What is the main brainch of the pudendoepigastric trunk of the deep femoral in the cow and mare?

A

caudal epigastric and external pudendal

68
Q

What are the branches of the external pudendal in the cow and mare?

A

caudal superficial epigastric and ventral labial

69
Q

What are the branches of the ovarian artery in the mare?

A

tubular branch and uterine branch

70
Q

What is the main brainch of the external iliac in the mare?

A

uterine artery

71
Q

What are the branches of the internal iliac in the mare?

A

internal pudendal and caudal gluteal

72
Q

What are the branches of the internal pudendal in the mare?

A

umbilical, vaginal, vestibular, ventral perineal, caudal rectal, and dorsal labial

73
Q

What is the one branch of the umbilical artery in the mare?

A

cranial vesicular

74
Q

What is are the branches of the vaginal in the mare?

A

ureteral, caudal vesicular, uterine branch, urethral branch, and middle rectal

75
Q

What is the parent artery for the obuturator artery?

A

cranial gluteal

76
Q

What is the branch of the obturator?

A

middle artery of the clitoris

77
Q

What are the two primary roots for venous return in the cow udder?

A

externdal pudendal vein or the superficial caudal epigastric vein

78
Q

What is another name for the superficial epigastric vein in the cow?

A

the milk vein

79
Q

What is a tertiary roud for venous drainage in the cow udder?

A

the dorsal labial branch

80
Q

What nerves supply the udder in the cow?

A

genitofemoral nerve (whole gland), iliohypogasteic and ilioinguinal (cranial part of gland), and mammary branch of pudendal (caudal part of gland)

81
Q

What lymph node is associated with the mammary gland in the cow?

A

superficial inguinal lymph node

82
Q

What are the branches of the umbilical artery in the cow?

A

cranial vesicular, middle uterine, and ureteral

Anatomy - Large Animal (21 decks)

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