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mmi 133 > Skin & Eye Infections > Flashcards

Skin & Eye Infections Flashcards

1
Q

The skin is a ____ environment for microbial growth

A

poor

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2
Q

What are some reasons why its difficult for microbes to grow on the skin?

A
  • Dry
  • High salt concentration
  • Sebum
  • Secretes lysozyme
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3
Q

What is the mucous membrane?

A

The internal skin amde of epithelial cells attached to a basement membrane

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4
Q

What does the mucous membrane line?

A

Body cavities

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5
Q

____ cells secrete mucus

A

Goblet

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6
Q

What are the 4 types of lesions?

A

Vesicle, bulla, macule, pustule

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7
Q

Describe a vesicular lesion

A
  • <1 cm

- Raised interstitial fluid

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8
Q

Describe a bullar lesion

A
  • > 1cm

- Raised interstitial fluid

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9
Q

Describe a macular lesion

A

Flat red rash

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10
Q

Describe a pustular lesion

A

Pocket of pus deep in skin

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11
Q

What is impetigo?

A

Superficial skin infection often in newborns & young children

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12
Q

What can cause impetigo?

A

Staphylo & streptococci

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13
Q

What is blepharitis?

A

Inflammation & infection of the lid margins.

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14
Q

What is Toxic Shock Syndrome?

A

A life threating, systemic infection common in patients after surgery or IV abusers

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15
Q

What can cause Toxic Shock Syndrome?

A

S. aureus’ exotoxin TSST-1

S. pyogenes’ GAS

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16
Q

How do you treat Toxic Shock Syndrome?

A

IV antibiotic

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17
Q

What is Scalded Skin Syndrome?

A

Bacteria attack epidermal cell junctions + cause loosening (starts as a lesion)

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18
Q

What can cause Scalded Skin Syndrome?

A

S. aureus’ exfoliative toxin

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19
Q

How do you treat Scalded Skin Syndrome?

A

IV antibiotic

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20
Q

The eye surface is also known as the:

A

conjunctival surface.

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21
Q

List 3 bacteria considered normal flora in the eye.

A
  1. Micrococcus sp. (like S. epidermidis).
  2. Alpha-hemolytic streptococci.
  3. Diphtheroids (corynebacterium sp.).
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22
Q

The interior of the eye contains:

A

Sterile fluid.

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23
Q

What are some ways that the eye protects itself from infection? (2)

A
  1. Eyelid serves as a mechanical barrier to organisms.

2. Tears contain lysozyme & IgA, acting as a chemical barrier.

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24
Q

Warts on the skin are often caused by:

A

HPV (human papillomavirus).

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25
Q

What are 3 common staphylococcus bacteria?

A

S. aureus
S. epidermis
S. saprophyticus

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26
Q

What is keratitis?

A

Inflammation of the cornea.

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27
Q

What is the main difference between bacterial & viral keratitis?

A

Bacterial produces more pus than viral.

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28
Q

Which parasite can also cause eye infections?

A

Acanthamoeba sp.

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29
Q

Staphylococcus aureus infections often occur in the:

A

eyelids.

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30
Q

What is a stye?

A

When the eyelid glands/follicles become involved in an infection.

31
Q

How do we treat styes?

A

Hot & cold compresses or antimicrobial eyedrops.

32
Q

Trachoma is caused by the bacterium:

A

Chlamydia trachomatis A-C.

33
Q

Where is trachoma found & how is it transmitted?

A

The tropics; vectors (flies).

34
Q

Trachoma can lead to:

A

blindness.

35
Q

What does hyaluronidase do?

A

Break down connective tissue

36
Q

Differentiate between Chlamydia trachomatis A-C and Chlamydia trachomatis D-K/LGV.

A

C. trachomatis A-C causes trachoma (eye infection).
C. trachomatis D-K/LGV are genital chlamydia. When these organisms cause eye infections (rare), it is called inclusion conjunctivitis (not trachoma).

37
Q

What kind of vaccine is the measles vaccine?

A

Live attenuated vaccine.

38
Q

Ophthalmia neonatorum can cause _________ or spread to the vascular system, causing ________ _______ or _____.

A

blindness; systemic illness; death.

39
Q

What do we do as a precautionary measure to prevent ophthalmia neonatorum?

A

Give newborns anitbiotic eyedrops.

40
Q

Warts on the skin are often caused by:

A

HPV (human papillomavirus).

41
Q

What is erysipelas?

A

Infection of dermal layer of skin

42
Q

Describe the progression of erysipelas

A

Pharyngitis –> septicemia

43
Q

How do you treat erysipelas?

A

Antibiotics

44
Q

Describe staphylococcus sp.

A

G+, none-spore forming, non-motile, cocci in clusters

45
Q

Describe streptococcus sp.

A

G+ cocci in chains

46
Q

What are 3 common staphylococcus bacteria?

A

S. aureus
S. epidermis
S. saprophyticus

47
Q

HSV-1 causes:

A

cold sores.

48
Q

HSV-2 causes:

A

genital herpes.

49
Q

HSV-3 causes:

A

chickenpox/shingles.

50
Q

Herpes gladitorium is common in:

A

wrestlers.

51
Q

Herpes whitlow is an occupational hazard of:

A

healthcare workers.

52
Q

Measles is also known as:

A

rubeola.

53
Q

What kind of virus causes measles?

A

Rubeola virus, an enveloped paramyxovirus (RNA).

54
Q

What kind of rash does measles cuase?

A

Flat red rash (macular).

55
Q

What species is measles’ natural host?

A

Humans.

56
Q

Measles can cause blindness in children with _______ _ deficiency.

A

Vitamin A.

57
Q

What are the 3 characteristic symptoms of measles?

A

Maculopapular rash: starts from behind the ears → face → upper arms → trunk → legs.
Respiratory symptoms (ex: tracheobronchitis & pneumonia).
Koplik’s spots (red, white & blue): appear on buccal mucosa.

58
Q

Measles causes immunosuppression by:

A

infecting dendritic cells & monocytes to compromise antigen presenting activity.

59
Q

What kind of vaccine is the measles vaccine?

A

Live attenuated vaccine.

60
Q

S. auerus is a ____ pathogen

A

primary

61
Q

What are some virulence factors of S. aureus?

A
  • Coagulase
  • Adhesion molecules
  • Exotoxins + superantigens (MRSA & MSSA)
  • Protein A
  • DNase
62
Q

S. epidermis is an ____ pathogen

A

opportunistic

63
Q

S. saprophyticus is a ____ pathogen

A

primary

64
Q

S. pyogenes is a group _ beta streptococcus sp.

A

A

65
Q

S. agalactiae is a group _ beta streptococcus sp.

A

B

66
Q

S. pyogenes has 2 post-infectious diseases which are:

A
  • Acute glomerulonephritis

- Rheumatic fever

67
Q

What makes S. pyogenes infectious?

A

GAS

68
Q

What does streptokinase do?

A

Break down blood clots

69
Q

What does hyaluronidase do?

A

Break down connective tissue

70
Q

What can be found in normal flora of the skin?

A
  • Staphylococcus epidermidis
  • Other micrococci sp.
  • Diphtheroids (aerobic: corynebacterium; anaerobic: propionibacterium)
  • Some yeasts
71
Q

5th disease is caused by what type of virus?

A

Non-enveloped DNA parvovirus.

72
Q

What is the first noticeable symptom of 5th disease?

A

Pink lacy rash causing cheeks to become very red.

73
Q

Describe the major complication of 5th disease.

A

TAC (transient aplastic crisis) in pregnant women: parvovirus invades & destroys RBCs in bone marrow, causing mother’s hemoglobin to drop significantly. The fetus will not be getting enough O2 from mother’s blood and will likely be stillborn/spontaneously aborted.

mmi 133 (26 decks)

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