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MMI 133 > Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) > Flashcards

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 common characteristics of organisms that cause STIs?

A
  • Initially negligible symptoms
  • Persist & symptoms reoccur
  • Lack of immunity
  • Fastidious (sensitive to drying)
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2
Q

What is PID (pelvic inflammatory disease)?

A

Extensive infection of cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and/or ovaries

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3
Q

What are the symptoms of PID?

A

Lower abdominal pain, discharge from vagina

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4
Q

What are 2 organisms that can cause PID?

A
  • Chlamydia trachomatis (D-K)

- Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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5
Q

____ ____ is the most common bacterial STD

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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6
Q

Describe the morphology of chlamydia trachomatis

A

G- type, obligate intracellular parasite (require ATP from host)

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7
Q

What are the 2 forms of chlamydia trachomatis?

A
  • Infections form (EB)

- Metabolically active form (RB)

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8
Q

What are the 3 species of Chlamydia that infect humans?

A
  • C. trachomatis
  • C. psittaci
  • C. pneumoniae
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9
Q

Describe how chlamydia trachomatis enters host cells

A

EBs bind to host cell receptors in a chlamydia vacuole, chlamydia then replicate + lyse host cell

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10
Q

How does chlamydia trachomatis cause damage?

A

Inflammation

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11
Q

What are 2 sequelae that can arise from PID?

A
  • Ectopic pregnancy

- Scarring of fallopian tubes

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12
Q

What is LGV (lymphogranuloma venereum) caused by?

A

C. trachomatis (L-1,2,3)

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13
Q

What is LGV characterized by?

A

Suppurative (pus) inguinal adenitis (lymph gland in groin)

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14
Q

How is LGV diagnosed?

A

DNA probes and PCR

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15
Q

How to treat LGV?

A

Tetracycline or macrolides

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16
Q

What is gonorrhea (GC) caused by?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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17
Q

Describe the morphology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

G- aerobic diplococci, no capsule, twitching motility

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18
Q

How is gonorrhea transmitted?

A

Direct contact

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19
Q

What are the symptoms of gonorrhea in males?

A

Purulent urethral discharge and painful urination

20
Q

What are the 3 types of gonorrhea?

A
  • Rectal gonorrhea
  • Pharyngeal gonorrhea
  • Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI)
21
Q

What are the 4 virulence factors for gonorrhea?

A
  • Adhesins and Invasins: Pili and Opa
  • Lipooligosaccharide (LOS)
  • IgA Protease
22
Q

Why is there no life long immunity for gonorrhea?

A

Antigenic and phase variation

23
Q

How is gonorrhea diagnose?

A

Cultures, DNA probes, PCR

24
Q

How is gonorrhea treated?

A

As if patient have all 3 bacterial STIs

- Penicillin was drug of choice

25
Q

Human papilloma virus is a ___________ ___ virus.

A

non-enveloped DNA.

26
Q

Which genotypes of HPV are associated with cervical & penile cancers?

A

Types 16 & 18.

27
Q

Warts of the genital tract are also called:

A

condylomata accuminata.

28
Q

HPV warts are usually removed by:

A

laser or podophyllin.

29
Q

Which types of HPV are covered in vaccines?

A

All cover 16 & 18.

One also covers 6 & 11 (warts) as well as 31, 32, 45, 52 & 58 (cancer).

30
Q

What is syphilis caused by?

A

Treponema pallidum

31
Q

Describe the morphology of treponema pallidum

A

G- type, spirochaete, can’t be cultured in vitro

32
Q

What are the 3 stages of syphilis?

A

Primary, secondary, tertiary

33
Q

Which stage of syphilis is most infectious?

A

Primary

34
Q

What is the initial sign of syphilis?

A

Hard chancre

35
Q

What is the second stage of syphilis?

A

Infectious rash on skin and mucous membranes

36
Q

What is the portal of entry for syphilis?

A

Breaks in skin or mucous membranes

37
Q

What does treponema pallidum produce that helps it penetrate tissues?

A

Enzymes like hyaluronidase

38
Q

What are gummas which are formed in the tertiary stage of syphilis?

A

Thickened scar tissues due to chronic inflammation

39
Q

How is syphilis diagnosed?

A

Serology (antibodies to T> pallidum)

40
Q

What are 3 complications of syphilis?

A

Aortic aneurysm, CNS damage, congenital syphilis

41
Q

How is syphilis treated?

A

Penicillin

42
Q

What is haemophilus ducreyi?

A

G- aerobic rods that cause chancroid and soft chancres

43
Q

How is H. ducreyi treated?

A

Ceftriaxone

44
Q

What type of virus is HSV 1/2?

A

DNA, enveloped

45
Q

What are the 2 types of infection due to HSV 1/2?

A

Chronic and latent

46
Q

When is HSV 1/2 most infectious?

A

Primary lesions (vesicles) are apparent

47
Q

What are 2 complications of HSV 1/2?

A
  • Encephalitis

- Disseminated herpes in fetus

MMI 133 (26 decks)

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