Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MMI 133 > Hypersensitivity & Vaccines > Flashcards

Hypersensitivity & Vaccines Flashcards

1
Q

Do all hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions require previous exposure to the antigen (allergen)?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 4 types of hypersensitivity reactions?

A 
Type 1 (allergy)
Type 2 (cytotoxic)
Type 3 (immune complex-mediated)
Type 4 (delay cell-mediated)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which antibody is associated with Type 1?

A

IgE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which antibodies are associated with Type 2?

A

IgG, IgM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which antibodies are associated with Type 3?

A

IgG, IgM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which antibodies are associated with Type 4?

A

None

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of antigen is associated with Type 1?

A

Exogenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of antigen is associated with Type 2?

A

Cell bound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of antigen is associated with Type 3?

A

Soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of antigen is associated with Type 4?

A

Tissues and organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Rank the types of hypersensitivity reactions from fastest to slowest response time

A

Type 1
Type 2
Type 3
Type 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are examples of Type 1?

A

Allergic athsma, hay fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are examples of Type 2?

A

Erythroblastosis foetalis (HDN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are examples of Type 3?

A

SLE, Farmer’s lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are examples of Type 4?

A

Tuberculin test, poison ivy, granuloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where does immune complex deposition typically occur for type 3?

A

Skin, joints & kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the two types of anaphylaxis and what is the difference between the two?

A 
Systemic anaphylaxis (immediate + life threatening)
Localized anaphylaxis (not serious, only discomfort)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 3 steps of developing a hypersensitivity reaction?

A
  1. Sensitization
  2. Activation
  3. Effector
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sensitization is the ____ exposure to the antigen

A

first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Activation is the ____ exposure to the antigen

A

second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are 4 symptoms of systemic anaphylaxis?

A
  • Impaired breathing due to swelling of airways
  • Smooth muscle contraction
  • Edema fluid leaks into tissue space
  • Blood vessels dialate, BP drops (leads to shock)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are 2 ways to treat hypersensitivity?

A

Antihistamines and epi-pen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do antihistamines do?

A

Block action of histamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does an epi-pen do?

A
  • Constricts blood vessels, lower BP
  • Dilates airways in lungs
  • Effects smooth muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is a preventitive measure for Rh sensitization in pregnant women?
Rhogam is given before + after deliver to mother
26
What are 5 types of vaccines?
- Attenuated whole-agent - Inactivated whole-agent + subunit - Toxoids - Conjugated - Nucleic acid
27
For attenuated whole-agent vaccines, the microbe is ____
attenuated
28
Attenuated whole-agent vaccines can't be used on:
Immunocompromised & pregnant women
29
Which type of vaccine mimics a real infection?
Attenuated whole-agent
30
How effective are attenuated whole-agent vaccines and how long does the immunity last?
Highly effective, often life-long immunity
31
For inactivated whole-agent + subunit vaccines, the microbes ____ or ____ of the organism are used
killed, parts
32
What 2 types of immunity are stimulated by attenuated whole-agent vaccines?
Humoral & cell-mediated immunity
33
For inactivated whole-agent + subunit vaccines, how long does the immunity last?
Immunity doesn't last as long + requires boosters
34
Are inactivated whole-agent + subunit vaccines safe for immunocompromised people?
Yes
35
Inactivated whole-agent + subunit vaccines result in what type of memory?
B cell
36
How do you create toxoid vaccines?
Toxin is isolated & chemically treated to be non-functional
37
For toxoid vaccines, the body produces antibodies to the ____ not the microbe
toxin
38
For toxoid vaccines, how long does the immunity last?
Immunity doesn't last as long + requires boosters
39
Polysaccharides are ___ antigens whereas proteins are ___ antigens
poor, good
40
An example of an attenuated whole-agent vaccine is:
Polio (Sabin), MMRV (mumps, measels, rubella, varicella)
41
An example of an inactivated whole-agent + subunit vaccine is:
Polio (Salk), rabies, influenza, Hep B
42
An example of a toxoid vaccine is:
Diptheria, tetanus
43
What is a conjugated vaccine?
Polysaccharides combined with a protein that is highly immunogenic
44
Why are conjugated vaccines used?
Children can't respond to microbes with polysaccharide capsules (poor antigen)
45
An example of a conjugated vaccine is:
Neisseria meningitidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae type b
46
What are nucleic acid vaccines?
DNA vaccines
47
How do nucleic acid vaccines work?
Introduce a gene of an organism into human host cells for it to persist + transcribe proteins
48
What does the tuberculin skin test determine?
Previous exposure to tuberculosis antigens
49
What cells does the tuberculin skin test detect?
Memory cells
50
Can the tuberculin skin test be used on immunocompromised + anergic people?
No
51
What are the steps of the tuberculin test?
1. Inject PPD (purified protein derivative) into the skin of the forearm 2. Check the area 48-72 hours later
52
What are the signs of a positive result of the tuberculin test and what does this indicate?
Reddening & thickening, indicates previous exposure to TB
53
What is the newer blood test for TB called?
QuantiFERON-TB Gold Test
54
What does the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Test test for?
Memory cells & activated T lymphocytes by production of IFN
55
What are the 4 types of adaptive immunity?
- Narturally acquired active immunity - Narturally acquired passive immunity - Artificially acquired active immunity - Artificially acquired passive immunity
56
How do you get narturally acquired active immunity?
Exposed to the antigen in daily life and develop immunity after
57
How do you get narturally acquired passive immunity?
Natural transfer of antibodies (ie. mom to baby)
58
How do you get artificially acquired active immunity?
Vaccinated with specially prepared antigens
59
How do you get artificially acquired passive immunity?
Transfer of antibodies from an immunized individual to a non-immunized individual
60
Explain the process of acute systemic anaphylaxis happened in the body.
Mast cells start to pump out histamine and leukotrienes. Histamine increases the permeability of the blood vessels (so they leak and the blood pressure drops) and leukotrienes affect smooth muscle, causing bronchospasm and swelling of the throat.

MMI 133 (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions