Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MMI 133 > CNS Infections > Flashcards

CNS Infections Flashcards

1
Q

CSF is normally ______ with very few ____ and low levels of __________ & __________.

A

sterile; WBCs; antibodies & complement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the primary routes of infection of the CNS (3)?

A

Bloodstream/lymphatics.
Nerves.
Bones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 3 bacterial species causing most post-infancy meningitis cases?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Haemophilus influenzae type B.
Neisseria meningitidis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the most common/important virulence factor for bacterial species causing meningitis?

A

Capsule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Elevated CSF protein levels & decreased CSF glucose levels are signs of:

A

pyogenic (acute) meningitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A “positive” Gram stain or CSF culture indicates:

A

pyogenic (acute) meningitis (bacteria present).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Finding neutrophils in CSF would indicate:

A

pyogenic (acute) meningitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Finding lymphocytes or monocytes in CSF would indicate:

A

chronic meningitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A “negative” Gram stain result or CSF culture would indicate:

A

chronic meningitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are 3 common infectious agents causing chronic meningitis?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Listeria monocytogenes.
Viral agents.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis has a very high _________ rate and the highest ____________ rate.

A

mortality; complication.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis is often characterized by _____ onset.

A

acute.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the Gram morphology of H. influenzae?

A

G- bacilli.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

H. influenzae meningitis is often characterized by _________ onset.

A

insidious (days).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some virulence factors of H. influenzae?

A

Capsule, IgA protease, pili, endotoxin & OMPs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Neonatal meningitis is most commonly caused by (2);

A
  1. Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B).

2. E. coli.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are some general symptoms of neonatal meningitis?

A

Fever, poor feeding, vomiting, respiratory distress, diarrhea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are 4 complications of neonatal meningitis?

A

Cerebral/cranial nerve palsy.
Epilepsy.
Mental retardation.
Hydrocephalus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Viral meningitis is also known as:

A

acute aseptic meningitis (syndrome).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Viral meningitis is characterized by:

A

lymphocytic pleocytosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Viral meningitis is commonly caused by:

A

enteroviruses or Herpes viruses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Botulism is caused by:

A

Clostridium botulinum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe the Gram morphology & characteristic of C. botulinum.

A

Anaerobic, spore-forming G+ bacillus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

C. botulinum is normally found in:

A

soil & water sediments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Botulinum toxin can be inactivated by:
boiling for 5 minutes.
26
Botulinum toxin primarily causes:
peripheral nerve paralysis.
27
How does botulinum toxin work?
It binds to neurons & prevents release of acetylcholine across the synaptic cleft.
28
What are 5 clinical symptoms of botulism?
``` Progressive flaccid paralysis (1-10 days). Nausea. Double vision. Difficulty swallowing. General weakness. ```
29
Infant botulism is often associated with:
infants under 1 year old consuming honey.
30
Why are infants particularly susceptible to botulism?
They lack stomach acidity and protective gut flora so spores can germinate easily.
31
What are 2 clinical symptoms of infant botulism?
Lethargy & constipation.
32
Infant botulism is treated with an:
antitoxin.
33
What kind of virus is polio?
Non-enveloped RNA enterovirus.
34
Where does polio virus multiply in the body?
The throat & small intestine.
35
Where does polio virus go to get into the blood & lymph?
Peyer's patches in the intestine.
36
Describe abortive poliomyelitis.
Most common form of polio disease that resembles a minor, flu-like illness.
37
Describe non-paralytic poliomyelitis.
Minor flu-like symptoms + stiff neck/back (due to aseptic meningitis).
38
Paralytic poliomyelitis causes:
flaccid paralysis.
39
What are the 3 first symptoms of paralytic poliomyelitis?
Severe myalgia (pain) in one limb. Motor/sensory disturbances. Weakness.
40
Describe the 2 types of paralytic poliomyelitis.
1. Bulbar: involves 1+ cranial nerve centres, including a respiratory sensory in the medulla oblongata (iron lung). 2. Spinal: affects lower limbs.
41
How is polio virus transmitted?
Fecal-oral.
42
The Salk polio vaccine is an:
IPV: inactivated polio vaccine.
43
The Sabin polio vaccine is a:
live, attenuated oral vaccine.
44
Describe the virus that causes rabies.
Enveloped RNA rhabdovirus.
45
Rabies virus usually multiplies in ______ cells before travelling to the CNS via the ______.
muscle; nerves.
46
What is the average incubation period for rabies?
30-50 days.
47
What are 6 of the first symptoms of rabies?
``` Fever. Sore throat. Headache. Discomfort at sight of infection. Muscle spams. Convulsions. ```
48
Why is rabies also known as hydrophobia?
Swallowing muscles often spasm and can be triggered by the sight of water.
49
Describe the West Nile Virus.
Family: flaviviridae. | Small, enveloped RNA virus.
50
How is WNV transmitted?
Via mosquitoes with birds as reservoirs.
51
Humans and horses are considered __________ _____ for WNV.
incidental/accidental hosts.
52
Can WNV be transmitted from human to human?
No.
53
Complicated WNV disease usually affects:
the elderly, patients with preexisting chronic conditions & the immunocompromised.
54
Polio-like paralysis syndrome has recently emerged in ___ infections.
WNV.
55
Prions result in accumulation of _______ fibres in the nervous system and cause large holes in _____ tissue.
amyloid; brain.
56
What are some common examples of prion diseases?
Mad Cow Disease (BSE). Scarpie (sheep). Kuru (New Guinea: from cannibalism). CJD/vCJD.
57
DEET containing repellents is used for what disease?
WNV disease
58
Is there a vaccine and antiviral for WNV disease?
no
59
Prions affect the ____ and _____.
brain; spinal cord
60
Scrapie is common in ___ and ____.
sheep and goats
61
vCJD affects what population the most?
younger patients
62
vCJD has a ____ duration of illness
longer

MMI 133 (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions