Skin Cancer and Burns Flashcards
Tumor
Cell growth
Benign
not harmful
Malignant
harmful or cancerorus
Metastasize
spread to other parts of the body
Biopsy
Removal of tissue for testing, to determine if harmful
What are the types of skin cancer? (3)
- Basal cell carcinoma
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Melanoma
Basal cell carcinoma
- Least malignant
- Stratum basal cells proliferate and invade the dermis - hypodermis
- Appears as shiny, dome-shaped nodules that later develop a central ulcer with a pearly, beaded edge
- Slow growing & not metastasize
- Be cured by surgical excision (Moh’s surgery) 99% of the time
Squamous cell carcinoma
- Originates from keratinocytes
- Appears on scaly red papules, often on the head or hands (sometimes ear and lips)
- Grows quickly
- Surgical removal - Moh’s surgery
Melanoma
- Cancer of melanocytes
- Most dangerous
- Highly metastatic & resistant to chemotherapy
- Early detection is crucial for survival
- Monitored using the ABCD(E) rule
What is the ABCD(E) rule?
A(Asymmetry): Color doesn’t match across area
B(Border): Edges are uneven
C(Color): Black, brown, blue, or red
D(Diameter): 4mm
E(Elevation): raised on the skin surface
What are burns classified on?
Their severity
* Layer(s) of the skin injured
What are the 3 types of burns?
- 1st degree
- 2nd degree
- 3rd degree
First degree bruns
- Heals in 2-3 days without special attention
-
Only epidermis is damaged
SYMPTOMS: localized redness, swelling, and pain
*Sunburn is usually 1st degree
Second Degree Burns
- Injure the epidermis & upper region of dermis
SYMPTOMS: similar to first degree but blisters appear - Skin regeneration occurs with little to no scarring within three to four weeks if taken care of
Third Degree Burns
- Entire thickness of skin is damaged
- Appears gray-white, cherry red or black
- Nerve damage
- Grafting
What is the rule of nines?
Volume of fluid lost estimated by computing percentage of body surface burned.
* Divides body into 2 areas (each 9%)
* Genitals are 1% of body surface
* Only approx.
Burns are critical if…
- 25% of the body are has second-degree burns.
- 10% of the body are has third-degree burns
- Third-degree burns affect the face, hands or feet.
What are the major concern for burn patients?
- Dehydration
- Infection