Classification of Bone + Functions

Question 1

General Characteristics of Skeletal Cartilage

Answer 1

• No nerves or blood supply
• Surrounded by layer of dense irregular connective tissue (Perichondrium)
• Encased in small cavities (Lacuna)
  Elastic, hyaline, fibrocartilage

Question 2

What are the two types of bone growth?

Answer 2

1. Appositional
2. Interstital

Question 3

Appositional

Answer 3

Cartilage forming cells in the surrounding perichondrium secrete new matrix against external face of the existing cartilage

Question 4

Interstital

Answer 4

The lacunae-bound chondrocytes divide + secrete new matrix, expanding the cartilage from within

Question 5

How are bones classified?

Answer 5

By shape and location

Question 6

What are the two types of bone locations?

Answer 6

Axial and appendicular

Question 7

Axial

Answer 7

Forms long axis of the body & includes bones of the skull, vertebral column, sacrum & rib cage.

Question 8

Appendicular

Answer 8

Consists of bones of upper & lower limbs & girdles (Shoulder & hip bones) that attach the limbs to the axial skeleton

Question 9

What are the different types of bone shapes? (4)

Answer 9

1. Long Bone
2. Short Bone
3. Flat Bone
   4 Irregular

Question 10

Describe long bones

Answer 10

• Contains a shaft & 2 ends
• All limb bones are long except patella, wrist & ankle bones.
• Wide as they are long
• Have flared ends

Question 11

Describe short bones

Answer 11

• Cube-shaped (ex. wrist & ankle)
• Sesamoid-shaped like a sesame seed
• Special short bone that forms in tendon (patella) and acts to alter the direction of pull of tendon

Question 12

Describe flat bones

Answer 12

• Thin, flattened
• Usually a bit curved
  ex. sternum, scapulae, ribs, most skull bones

Question 13

Describe irregular bones

Answer 13

• Have complicated shapes that fit none of the preceding classes.
  ex. vertebrae & hip bones

Question 14

What are the 5 functions of bones?

Answer 14

1. Support
2. Protection
3. Movement
4. Mineral storage
5. Blood cell formation

Question 15

Support

Answer 15

Framework that supports body & cavities

Question 16

Protection

Answer 16

The fused bones of the skull protects the brain. Vertebrae surround the spinal cord, and rib cage helps protect vital organs of the thorax.

Question 17

Movement

Answer 17

Bones act as levers for muscles

Question 18

Mineral storage

Answer 18

Reservoir for minerals. especially calcium + phosphorous.

Question 19

Blood cell formation

Answer 19

Hemopoiesis occurs in bone marrow

Question 20

What are the 3 bone cartilage types?

Answer 20

1. Hyaline
2. Fibrocartilage
3. Elastic