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Pathology > Skin and Soft Tissue Infections > Flashcards

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Cellulitis

A

Inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissues due to infection and involves deeper dermis and subcutaneous fat

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2
Q

Erysipelas

A

Inflammation due to infection that involves the upper dermis and superficial lymphatics

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3
Q

What are the clinical signs of cellulitis?

A

Signs are variable but can include:

  • Redness
  • Warmth
  • Swelling
  • Pain
  • Fever
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4
Q

What is the cause of cellulitis?

A

Break in the skin leading to penetration and entry of pathogens

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5
Q

What are some risk factors of cellulitis?

A 
– Edema / water retention
– Skin conditions
– Immunosuppression
– Diabetes
– Trauma
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6
Q

What are the most common pathogens in cellulitis?

A
  • Strep pyogenes
  • Staph aureus (both MSSA and MRSA)

Uncommon causes due to Gram negatives and bacteria from cat, dog and human bites.

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7
Q

How are Strep organized?

A

Chains

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8
Q

How are Staph organized?

A

Clusters

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9
Q

Purulent Cellulitis

A

Cellulitis associated with purulent drainage or exudate in absence of drainable abscess

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10
Q

What pathogen is purulent cellulitis common with?

A

MRSA

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11
Q

Non-purulent Cellulitis

A

Cellulitis with no purulent drainage, exudate, abscess

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12
Q

What pathogens are non-purulent cellulitis common with?

A
  • Strep

- MSSA

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13
Q

What gives S. aureus methicillin resistance?

A

mecA gene
- it produces the pencillin binding protein 2a which binds to beta lactam antibiotics and confers resistance as it prevents the ringlike structure of penicillin‐like antibiotics to bind to the enzymes that help form the cell wall of the bacterium

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14
Q

What distinguishes CA from HA MRSA infections?

A

The SCCmec gene is different between the organisms

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15
Q

What are the risk factors for diabetic foot ulcers?

A 
- Neuropathy
• Poor sensation
• Often leads to breaks in skin that go unnoticed
- Peripheral vascular disease
• Poor circulation
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16
Q

What are some complications of cellulitis?

A
  • Sepsis
  • Toxic Shock Syndrome
  • Necrotizing Fasciitis
17
Q

What is the presentation of Staph TSS?

A
  • Fever
  • Hypotension
  • Diffuse macular rash
  • Mutli-organ involvement
  • Often negative blood cultures
18
Q

What is the cause of Staph TSS?

A

TSS Toxin-1 is released which is a super antigen, causing activation of a large number of T cells and massive cytokine production/release

19
Q

What is the cause of Strep TSS?

A

Exotoxin A and B are released which act as super antigens

20
Q

What is the presentation of Strep TSS?

A
  • Localized pain
  • Swelling
  • Erythema
  • Fever
  • Altered mental status
  • Positive blood cultures
    Diffuse erythematous rash in only 10%
21
Q

Necrotizing Fasciitis

A

Deep seated infection of subcutaneous tissue, with destruction of fascia and fat.

22
Q

What are the bacteria in Type I necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Polymicrobial with both aerobic/anerobic

23
Q

What are the bacteria in Type II necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Group A Strep or MRSA - mono bacterial

24
Q

What are the clinical signs of necrotizing fasciitis?

A
  • Pain out of proportion to the exam
  • Rapidly evolving symptoms
  • Fever
  • Minimal skin changes
25
Q

Impetigo

A

Superficial bacterial infection, contagious

26
Q

What is the common presentation of impetigo?

A

Seen in children on the face

27
Q

What are the main pathogens causing impetigo?

A
  • Group A Strep

- S. aureus

28
Q

What bacteria is common with cat bites?

A

Pasteurella

29
Q

What patients are at severe risk of sepsis from dog and cat bites due to Capnocytophaga canimorsus?

A

Asplenic patients

30
Q

A 45 yr old woman was bitten on her right hand by her house cat during some aggressive play. There was a small amount of bleeding from 2 puncture wounds on the palm, which were promptly washed. 1 day later, she developed erythema at the wound site, which immediately spread circumferentially. The wound is now painful and she has subjective chills. PE: T37.2, HR: 102, BP: 160/100. There is swelling, erythema and tenderness at the thenar eminence of the R hand with irregular spreading of erythema that is now proximal to the wrist. Nondraining puncture marks are evident.

  • A. E.coli
  • B. Pasteurella multocida
  • C. Candida albicans
  • D. Eikenella corrodens
A

• B. Pasteurella multocida

31
Q

A 25 yr old man is evaluated for pain and swelling of his R hand. 3 days ago he was involved in an altercation during which he punched another man in the mouth with his R fist. On PE: T: 38.3, BP; 124/84. R hand is painful, with swelling over the 2nd MCP joint with decreased ROM. Aspiration of the joint reveals a small amount of purulent material.

  • A: Eikenella corrodens
  • B. Capnocytophaga canimorsus
  • C. Pasteurella multocoda
  • D. Candida albicans
  • E. Pseudomonas auerginosa
A

• A: Eikenella corrodens

32
Q

What are some risk factors for Pseudomonas infections?

A
  • After burns
  • Trauma
  • Folliculitis from hot tubs

Pathology (203 decks)

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