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Pathology > Clinical ID > Flashcards

Clinical ID Flashcards

1
Q

Prions

A

Composed of modified proteins that cause transmissable disesases

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2
Q

Viruses

A

Obligate intracellular organisms that are dependent on host cell metabolism for replication

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3
Q

What type of pathogen is capable of long term latency in the host?

A

Viruses

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4
Q

Bacteriophages/Plasmids/Transposons

A

Mobile genetic elements that encode bacterial virulence factors.

Bacteriophages only infect bacteria.

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5
Q

Chlamydiae

A

Can cause GU infections, conjunctivitis, respiratory infections & STDs

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6
Q

Rickettsiae

A

Transmitted by insect vectors (lice, ticks, mites) and can cause Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Q Fever, ehrlichiosis & scrub typhus

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7
Q

Mycoplasmas

A

Tiniest free-living organism known and can cause atypical pneumonia & nongonococcal urethritis

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8
Q

What are the conidia of the fungi?

A

Fruiting bodies off of the hyphae

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9
Q

Protozoa

A

Parasitic, single-celled organisms with motility, pliable plasma membranes and complex cytoplasmic organelles

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10
Q

Helminths

A

Parasitic worms that are highly differentiated multicellular organisms

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of helminths?

A
  • Roundworms
  • Flatworms
  • Flukes
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12
Q

Example of roundworm

A

Nematode

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13
Q

Example of a flatworm

A

Tapeworm

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14
Q

Example of a fluke

A

Trematodes

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15
Q

What are the main barriers to infection?

A

Skin and mucosa along with secretions such as lysozyme and stomach acid.

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16
Q

What are the mechanisms of bacteria induced cell injury?

A
  • Cell Death
  • Toxins
  • Secondary injury due to the immune response
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17
Q

What is bacterial endotoxin?

A

Toxin that is a part of the LPS in Gram (-) bacteria and is on Lipid A

18
Q

What is bacterial exotoxin?

A

Toxins that are released by the bacteria to interfere with cellular metabolism to kill surrounding cells and increase the nutrients available to them

19
Q

What are examples of microbial pathogens that exhibit significant antigenic variation?

A 
Rhinovirus
Influenza
Giardia Lamblia
N. gonorrhoea
Plasmodium falciparum
20
Q

Giardia lamblia would most appropriately be classified as:

  1. Bacteria
  2. Fungus
  3. Protozoa
  4. Helminth
  5. Virus
A
  1. Protozoa
21
Q

Which of the following are considered to be part of the human host barriers to infection?

  1. Intact skin
  2. Lysozme in tears
  3. Acid in stomach
  4. Commensal flora of mucous membranes
  5. All of the above
A
  1. All of the above
22
Q

The lipopolysaccharide (LPS): structural component of outer cell wall in gram negative bacteria that induces host cytokine release to cause fever, activate macrophages & B cells is know as:

  1. Exotoxin
  2. Endotoxin
  3. Lipoteichoic acids
  4. Integrins
  5. Peptidoglycan
A
  1. Endotoxin
23
Q

Which of the following microbial pathogens exhibits significant antigenic variation?

  1. Bacillus anthracis
  2. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  3. Shigella dysenteriae
  4. Streptococcus pyogenes (GroupAStrep)
  5. Vibrio cholera
A
  1. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
24
Q

Suppurative (Polymorphonuclear) Inflammation

A
  • Caused by pyogenic bacteria

- Characterized by increased vascular permeability and leukocytic infiltration by neutrophils

25
Q

What can cause suppurative inflammation?

A

Pneumococcal pneumonia

26
Q

Mononuclear and Granulomatous Inflammation

A

Diffuse, predominantly mononuclear interstitial infiltrates form in response to pathogens

27
Q

What can cause granulomatous inflammation?

A

Syphilis

Tuberculosis

28
Q

Cytopathic-Cytoproliferative Inflammation

A

Reactions characteristic of virus-mediated damage to individual host cells in the absence of host inflammatory responses

29
Q

What can cause cytopathic-cytoproliferative inflammation?

A

Herpes

Measles

30
Q

Necrotizing Inflammation

A

Rapid and severe tissue damage with predominant cell death in the absence of inflammatory infiltrates

31
Q

What can cause necrotizing inflammation?

A

Caused by uncontrolled viral infections, secreted bacterial toxins or cytolysis of host cells in protozoa infections (eg. Necrotizing fasciitis caused by Group A streptococcus)

32
Q

Chronic Inflammation and Scarring

A

Chronic inflammation can lead to either complete healing or to extensive scarring due to constant damage from inflammation

33
Q

What can cause chronic inflammation?

A

Schistosoma haematobium - shistosoma eggs

34
Q

Poliovirus

A

Virus

35
Q

Staphylococcus epidermis

A

Bacteria

36
Q

Candida albicans

A

Fungi

37
Q

Sporothrix shenckii

A

Fungi

38
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum

A

Fungi

39
Q

Giardia lamblia

A

Protozoa

40
Q

Trypanosoma gambiense

A

Protozoa

41
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

A

Helminthes

42
Q

Trichinella spiralis

A

Helminthes

Pathology (203 decks)

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