HIV Flashcards
Are retroviruses enveloped?
Yes
What is the function of GP120?
GP120 binds receptors, CD4 and chemokine coreceptors CCR5/CXCR4.
What is the function of GP41?
GP120 is noncovalently connected to gp41, the transmembrane rods here. GP41 is needed for the virus to enter cells.
What receptor if not express confers immunity to HIV?
CCR5
Where does HIV replicate?
Nucleus
What is the function of protease inhibitors in anti-retroviral therapy?
Capsid maturation of HIV
Is HIV highly contagious?
No, HIV is not particularly infectious or contagious
Is HIV destroyed by soap?
Yes
Where is HIV most prominent in the world?
Africa
What immune cells does HIV target?
CD4+ T cells
What is the normal CD4+ T cell level?
1000 cells per cubic mm
What is the course of HIV infection?
- Acute
- Latent
- AIDS
What is the acute HIV infection?
- Mononucleosis‐like syndrome
- Fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes
- T cell levels will drop but can rebound slightly
What is clinical HIV latency?
- Typically lasts 8-12 years following primary infection
- Few manifestations
HAART
Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy
What is the goal of HAART?
Lower viremia which slows disease progression
What are the 2 targets of HAART?
- The RT inhibitors block reverse transcription
- The protease inhibitors prevent virion capsid morphogenesis
How is HTLV transmitted?
Sexually
What does HTLV cause?
HTLV causes T cell leukemias - encodes Tax which induces cell proliferation
A 30‐year old man infected with HIV begins to have difficulty with activities of daily living. He has memory problems and decreased ability to perform functions that require fine motor control, such as writing and painting. His CD4+ lymphocyte count is 150 cells per microliter. Which of the following cell types is most important for disseminating HIV into the central nervous system?
A. Natural killer cell B. Macrophage C. Neutrophil D. CD8+ lymphocyte E. Langerhans cell
B. Macrophage
Where does reverse transcription of HIV occur?
Cytoplasm
What does env encode?
Encodes gp120/41
What does gag encode?
Encodes group antigens
What does pol encode?
Encodes the enzymes in the virion, reverse transcriptase, RNaseH, integrase, protease.
