Pathology of the Male GU II: Penis and Testes Flashcards

1
Q

Hypospadias

A

Urethral opening on the ventral surface

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2
Q

Epispadias

A

Urethral opening on the dorsal surface

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3
Q

Phimosis

A

Prepuce cannot be retracted

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4
Q

Paraphimosis

A

Phimotic prepuce is forcibly retracted leading to pain and urinary retention

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5
Q

Reiter Syndrome

A

Combination of conjunctivitis, polyarthritis and genital infection often caused by Chlamydia trachomatis

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6
Q

Which HSV causes gingivostomatitis?

A

HSV-1

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7
Q

Which HSV causes genital herpes?

A

HSV-2

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8
Q

What are the histological signs of herpes infection?

A

Multinucleation - Margination - Molding

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9
Q

Condyloma Acuminatum

A

Genital wart caused by HPV-6 and 11

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10
Q

What are risk factors for SCC of the penis?

A

Poor hygiene and phimosis - accumulation of smegma, and history of genital warts.

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11
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

Undescended testis

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12
Q

What chromosome abnormality is cryptorchidism associated with?

A

Trisomy 13

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13
Q

Reiter Syndrome

A

Combination of conjunctivitis, polyarthritis and genital infection often caused by Chlamydia trachomatis

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14
Q

Seminoma

A

Localized to testis for long time and have little metastasis - very radiosensitive and have a good prognosis

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15
Q

What are risk factors for SCC of the penis?

A

Poor hygiene and phimosis - accumulation of smegma, and history of genital warts.

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16
Q

What will be seen on histology with cryptorchidism?

A

Testicular atrophy

17
Q

Varicocele

A

Dilated veins in the spermatic cord with a “bag of worms” feeling

18
Q

Testicular Torsion

A

Twisting of the cord with thick-walled arteries patent but the veins are blocked off leading to vascular engorgement and eventual infarction

19
Q

What race are testicular tumors more common in?

A

Caucasians

20
Q

Nonseminomatous GCTs

A

More aggressive than seminomas with hematogenous spread and are radio resistant but most can be cured with aggressive chemotherapy.

21
Q

What is the risk for testicular cancer with cryptorchidism?

A

The higher the testis location, higher the risk of cancer - risk is greater in the right than the left

22
Q

Is trauma a risk factor for testicular cancer?

23
Q

What is a chromosome found with invasive testicular tumors?

A

12i Chromosome

24
Q
  • Seen often associated with malignant germ cell tumors
  • Intratubular proliferation of malignant germ cells
  • Large atypical cells, abundant clear cytoplasm, central nucleus, prominent nucleoli “fried egg”
A

Intratubular Germ Cell Neoplasia

25
What is the most common germ cell tumor in males?
Seminoma
26
What can rarely be increased as a marker in seminomas?
beta-HCG
27
Embryonal Carcinoma
Large anaplastic cells with prominent nucleoli with indistinct cell borders arranged in solid, glandular, tubular, papillary patterns.
28
Yolk Sac Tumor
Most common testicular tumor in infants up to 3 yrs - reticular network of cuboidal cells, papillary and solid patterns (Schiller-Duval or glomeruloid bodies) and hyaline-like globules
29
Choriocarcinoma
Highly aggressive and invasive into the blood with beta-HCG as a marker
30
Teratoma
Always malignant in males - Random admixture of tissue derived from ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm
31
Leydig Cell Tumor
- Most common sex-cord stroll tumor in males - Usually unilateral - Well circumscribed - Crystalloids of Reinke
32
Lymphoma of the Testicle
Usually secondary. The most common - large B-cell lymphoma and is most commonly seen in patients greater than 60 yrs
33
Most common testicular tumor in adults?
Seminoma
34
Most common bilateral primary testicular tumor?
Seminoma
35
Most common bilateral testicular tumor?
Lymphoma
36
Most common testicular cancer in infants and children?
Yolk Sac Tumor
37
Most common nongerm cell tumor of the testis?
Leydig Cell Tumor
38
Which are more common in the testis - mixed tumors or pure histologic types of tumors?
Mixed