Pathology of the Male GU II: Penis and Testes Flashcards
Hypospadias
Urethral opening on the ventral surface
Epispadias
Urethral opening on the dorsal surface
Phimosis
Prepuce cannot be retracted
Paraphimosis
Phimotic prepuce is forcibly retracted leading to pain and urinary retention
Reiter Syndrome
Combination of conjunctivitis, polyarthritis and genital infection often caused by Chlamydia trachomatis
Which HSV causes gingivostomatitis?
HSV-1
Which HSV causes genital herpes?
HSV-2
What are the histological signs of herpes infection?
Multinucleation - Margination - Molding
Condyloma Acuminatum
Genital wart caused by HPV-6 and 11
What are risk factors for SCC of the penis?
Poor hygiene and phimosis - accumulation of smegma, and history of genital warts.
Cryptorchidism
Undescended testis
What chromosome abnormality is cryptorchidism associated with?
Trisomy 13
Reiter Syndrome
Combination of conjunctivitis, polyarthritis and genital infection often caused by Chlamydia trachomatis
Seminoma
Localized to testis for long time and have little metastasis - very radiosensitive and have a good prognosis
What are risk factors for SCC of the penis?
Poor hygiene and phimosis - accumulation of smegma, and history of genital warts.
What will be seen on histology with cryptorchidism?
Testicular atrophy
Varicocele
Dilated veins in the spermatic cord with a “bag of worms” feeling
Testicular Torsion
Twisting of the cord with thick-walled arteries patent but the veins are blocked off leading to vascular engorgement and eventual infarction
What race are testicular tumors more common in?
Caucasians
Nonseminomatous GCTs
More aggressive than seminomas with hematogenous spread and are radio resistant but most can be cured with aggressive chemotherapy.
What is the risk for testicular cancer with cryptorchidism?
The higher the testis location, higher the risk of cancer - risk is greater in the right than the left
Is trauma a risk factor for testicular cancer?
NO
What is a chromosome found with invasive testicular tumors?
12i Chromosome
- Seen often associated with malignant germ cell tumors
- Intratubular proliferation of malignant germ cells
- Large atypical cells, abundant clear cytoplasm, central nucleus, prominent nucleoli “fried egg”
Intratubular Germ Cell Neoplasia
What is the most common germ cell tumor in males?
Seminoma
What can rarely be increased as a marker in seminomas?
beta-HCG
Embryonal Carcinoma
Large anaplastic cells with prominent nucleoli with indistinct cell borders arranged in solid, glandular, tubular, papillary patterns.
Yolk Sac Tumor
Most common testicular tumor in infants up to 3 yrs - reticular network of cuboidal cells, papillary and solid patterns (Schiller-Duval or glomeruloid bodies) and hyaline-like globules
Choriocarcinoma
Highly aggressive and invasive into the blood with beta-HCG as a marker
Teratoma
Always malignant in males - Random admixture of tissue derived from ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm
Leydig Cell Tumor
- Most common sex-cord stroll tumor in males
- Usually unilateral
- Well circumscribed
- Crystalloids of Reinke
Lymphoma of the Testicle
Usually secondary. The most common - large B-cell lymphoma and is most commonly seen in patients greater than 60 yrs
Most common testicular tumor in adults?
Seminoma
Most common bilateral primary testicular tumor?
Seminoma
Most common bilateral testicular tumor?
Lymphoma
Most common testicular cancer in infants and children?
Yolk Sac Tumor
Most common nongerm cell tumor of the testis?
Leydig Cell Tumor
Which are more common in the testis - mixed tumors or pure histologic types of tumors?
Mixed
