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RUSVM Pathology I > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Intertrigo

A

Skin Fold Pyoderma

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2
Q

Plaques

A

Coalesced papules

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3
Q
A

Pustule

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4
Q

MDx

A

Grade II soft tissue sarcoma

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5
Q

Pathogenesis of sarcoptic mange

A
  • Burrow into stratum corneum
  • Intesnse pruritis through hypersensitivity mechanism
  • Self trauma, chronic irritation
  • Hyperkeratosis, lichenification, alopecia
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6
Q

Portals for bacterial infection of skin

A

Pores - Follicular Openings

Hematogenous Spread

Direct entry through damaged skin

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7
Q

Histological appearance of callus

A

Epidermal hyperplasia

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8
Q

Subcorneal Vesicle

A

Stratum corneum forms the roof of the vesicle

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9
Q

Pyoderma

A

Clinical term encompassing several diseases

“Pus in the skin”

Usually bacterial infection involved

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10
Q

Disease and Cause

A

Impetigo - Superficial Pyoderma

Bacterial infection secondary to immunosuppression/debilitation

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11
Q

Purpura hemorrhagica

A

Red or purple macules or patches (hemorrhage or infarct) in the skin or mucous membranes

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12
Q

Disease

A

Arabian Fading Syndrome

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13
Q

Vesicle / Bulla

A

Palpable elevation filled with clear fluid

Vesicle - < 1cm

Bulla - > 1cm

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14
Q

Mdx

A

Cutaneous Infarcts

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15
Q

Disease and Cause

A

Purpura hemorrhagica

Streptococcus equi

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16
Q

Wheal

A

Elevated, irregular shaped area of cutaneous edema, solid, transient

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17
Q

Disease

A

Histiocytoma

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18
Q

Idiopathic Sterile Granuloma and Pyogranuloma Syndrome

A

Rare

Cause unknown

Diagnosis of exclusion

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19
Q

Mdx

A

Papular dermatitis

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20
Q

Pathogenesis of purpura hemorrhagica

A

Type III hypersensitivity immune mediated vasculitis

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21
Q

Albinism

A

Melanocytes present but defect to synthesize melanin; color dilution is a mild form

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22
Q
A

Vesicle / Bulla

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23
Q

Acantholysis

A

Disruption of intercellular junctions

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24
Q

Disease

A

Puppy Strangles

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25
Q

Arabian Fading Syndrome

A

Horses with vitiligo

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26
Q

Mdx

A

Multifocal cutaneous edema and congestion

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27
Q

Secondary hyperkeratosis can be due to

A

Endocrine imbalances

Chronic dermatitis

Zinc responsive

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28
Q

Mdx

A

Vesiculo-ulcerative dermatitis

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29
Q
A

Ulcer

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30
Q

Mdx

A

Generalized subcutaneous edema

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31
Q

Discoid Lupus Erythematosis

A

Induction/ exacerbation by UV light

Dorsal nose and nasal planum, pinnae, lips, periocular resion, oral mucosa

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32
Q

Spongiosis

A

Intercellular Edema

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33
Q

Histologic characteristics of allergic skin disease

A

Lymphocyte and eosinophillic dermatitis

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34
Q

Pathogenesis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A

Solar radiatoin, chronic injury commonly involved

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35
Q

Ulcer

A

Loss of epidermis with exposure of dermis

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36
Q

Frost bite

A

Lesions in cold exposed extremiteis

Caused by exposure to cold temperature

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37
Q

Pathogenesis of Primary Idiopathic Seborrhea

A

Thought to involve hyperproliferation of the epidermis, hair follicle infundibulum and sebaceous gland

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38
Q

Disease

A

Insect bite hypersensitivity

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39
Q

Diagnostic technique used for opportunistic mycobacteriosis

A

Culture and Sensitvity

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40
Q

Cause of ulcers

A

Secondary to:

Epidermial necrosis

Inflammation

Infarction

Neoplasia

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41
Q
A

Callus

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42
Q

Proliferative lesions are associated with what type of disease

A

Viral

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43
Q

Hemangioma - Hemangiosarcoma

A

Young adult dogs

Due to solar radiation

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44
Q

Pustules and Crust are indicative of what pathological process

A

Inflammation and Repair

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45
Q

Mdx

A

Ulcerative dermatitis

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46
Q

Hyperkeratosis

A

Increased thickness of stratum corneum

Scaling “seborrhea”

Primary Vs Secondary

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47
Q

Disease

A

Fungal dermatitis

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48
Q

Pyotraumatic Dermatitis

A

Hot Spots

Very common in dogs

Moist, alopecic, slighly raised red well circumscribed lesions that lead to ulceration and crusting

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49
Q

Disease

A

Papilloma

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50
Q

Disase

A

Lipoma

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51
Q

Pathogenesis of primary photosensitization

A
  • UV Light absorbed by photodynamic chemicals in the skin
  • Free radical damage
  • Epidermal necrosis of lightly pigmented or sparsely haired skin
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52
Q

Calcinosis cutis

A

Associated with hyperadrenocorticism

Erythematous to white gritty plaques and nodules

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53
Q

MDx

A

Exudative dermatitis

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54
Q

Pustule

A

Palpable elevation filled with pus

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55
Q

Disease

A

Discoid Lupus Erythematosis

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56
Q

T/F: Degenerative/Necrotic lesions are the only pathological processes that cause ulceration

A

False

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57
Q

Later gross features of dermatitis

A

Scaling

Ulceration

Alopecia

Lichenification

Pigmentary change

Fibrosis/scarring

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58
Q

Pathogenesis of Erythema Multifome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

A

Thought to involve type IV hypersensitivity towards antigens or the surface of keratinocytes inducing apoptosis

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59
Q

Histological appearance of equine sarcoid

A

Composed of both epithelial and dermal components - need biopsy that is not ulcerated to diagnose

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60
Q

Cause of Canine Leproid Granuloma

A

Saprophytic mycobacteria

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61
Q

Mdx

A

Multifocal cutaneous ecchymotic hemorrhages

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62
Q

Acral Lick Dermatitis

A

Lick Granuloma

Common in dogs

Extremities - circumscribed, hairless, and ulcerated

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63
Q

Disease and cause

A

Sarcoptic Mange

Sarcoptes scabiei

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64
Q

Pattern

A

Eosinophilic granuloma complex

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65
Q

Causes of fungal dermatitis

A

Pythium

Lagenidium spp

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66
Q

Chemical Burns

A

Caused by body or wound secreations, application of drugs, exposure to acids, alkalies, soaps, detergents, or irritant plants

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67
Q

Diagnose Canine Leproid Granuloma

A

Histopathology

PCR- if needed

____________________________

Difficult to culture

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68
Q

MDx

A

Multifocal exudative dermatitis

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69
Q
A

Nodule

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70
Q

Causes of scale

A

Disorders of keratinization

Chronic dermatitis

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71
Q

Disease

A

Zinc Responsive Dermatosis

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72
Q

Equine Sarcoid

A

Common in young adult horses

Frequently involve sites of previous wounds

Invasive, high rate of recurrance, but do not metastasize

Variable range from nodular to plaque like to wart like

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73
Q

Gross appearance of Discoid Lupus Erythematosis

A

Depigmentation

Erythema

Scaling

Erosion

Ulceration

Crusting

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74
Q

Disease

A

Actinomycete Mycetomas

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75
Q

Localized Hyperpigmentation

A

Chronic inflammation or physical irritation

Congenital

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76
Q

MDx

A

Eosinophillic and granulomatous dermatitis

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77
Q

MDx

A

Chronic Dermatitis

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78
Q

Cause of demodicosis

A

Demodex spp mite

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79
Q

MDx

A

Neutrophilic / exucative dermatitis/folliculitis

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80
Q

Disease

A

Equine Sarcoid

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81
Q

Characteristics of skin lesions caused by circulatory disorders

A

Discrete reddened areas

Lesions follow a linear pattern

Lesions are in geometrical shapes

Vascular lesions result in ischemia

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82
Q

Granulomatous lesions are associated with what type of diseases

A

“Higher” Bacteria

Mycobacteria

Fungal

Foreign Substance

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83
Q

Acanthosis

A

Increased thickness of stratums basale and spinosum

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84
Q

Disease

A

Intertrigo

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85
Q

Cause of Sarcoptic Mange

A

Sarcoptes scabiei

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86
Q

Disease

A

Sebacious Adenoma

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87
Q

Histologic feature of solar/actinic keratosis

A

Dermal Elastosis

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88
Q

Cause of acral lick dermatitis

A

Persistant chewing or licking

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89
Q

Hypopigmentation - Hypomelanosis

A

Melanocytopenic (decreased melanocytes) vs Melanopenic (decreased melanin)

Congenital vs Acquired

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90
Q

Generalized form of demodicosis

A

Familial with young dogs

Adult onset - associated with systemic disease such as neoplasia, endocrinopathy or immunosuppresive therapy

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91
Q

MDx

A

Pustular Dermatitis

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92
Q

Lichenification

A

Thickening and hardening of the skin

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93
Q

Causes of eosinophilic granulomas

A

Parasite infection

Insect bite hypersensitivity

Foreign body reaction

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94
Q

Pathological processes that could cause ulcers

A

Degeneration/Necrosis

Inflammation and Repair

Circulatory Disorders

Disorders of Growth

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95
Q

Calcificaion of skin

A

Most common forms observed int he skin are both classified as dystrophic calcification

Chalky white, gritty to hard texture

Calcinosis cutis vs Calcinosis circumscripta

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96
Q

MDx

A

Pyogranulomatous dermatitis

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97
Q

Early gross features of dermatitis

A

Edema

Erythema

+/- pustules, crust vesicles

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98
Q
A

Plaque

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99
Q

Tissue Pigment

A

Melanin

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100
Q

Disease

A

Hypopigmentation

_______________________

Albinism

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101
Q

Indolent Ulcer

A

Ulcers on upper lips

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102
Q

Solar/Actinic Keratosis results in an increased risk for

A

Neoplasia due to direct DNA injury and subsequent mutations

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103
Q

Characteristics of canine melanomas

A

Oral, mucocutaneous, subungual lesions are typically malignant

Lesions on haired skin are often benign

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104
Q

Why are bacterial skin infections common in dogs?

A

Thin stratum corneum

Lack of lipid seal of hair follicles

High skin pH

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105
Q

Most degeneration and necrosis skin cases have what features

A

Bacterial infection

Epidermal necrosis/ulceration

Leukocyte infiltrate

Thrombosis

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106
Q

Predisposing factors for dermatophilosis

A

Wet weather in humid climates (“rain rot”)

Prolonged wetting of skin/hair/wool allows penetration of epidermis by zoospores

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107
Q

Type II (Intrinsic) Photosensitization can be caused by

A

Porphyria

Inherited deficiency of proporphyrinogen III cosynthetase

Defect in heme synthesis

Buildup of porphyrins

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108
Q

Gross lesion progression from solar injury

A

Erythema → Blistering/Vesicles → Sloughing of necrotic skin

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109
Q

MDx

A

Pustular to exudative dermatitis

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110
Q

Gross appearance of insect bite hypersensitivity

A

Often includes papules

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111
Q

MDx

A

Ulcerative/Exudative dermatitis

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112
Q

Disease

A

Acral Lick Dermatitis

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113
Q
A

Scale

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114
Q

Diagnosis of fungal dermatitis

A

Cultrue and PCR

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115
Q

Hydropic Degeneration

A

Intracellular Edema

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116
Q

Fungal Dermatitis

A

“Swamp Cancer”

Uncommon

Clinically resembles neoplasia… invasive lesions, involvement of regional lymph nodes

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117
Q

Greasy Form (Seborrhea oleosa)

A

Excessive brown to yellow lipids

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118
Q

Angioedema involves what layers of the skin

A

Dermis and Subcutis

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119
Q

What secondary condition is commonly associated with flea bite hypersensitivity

A

Pyotraumatic dermatitis - secondary to self trauma associated with pyoderma

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120
Q

Disease

A

Cutaneous Soft Tissue Sarcoma

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121
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A

Verrucous and ulcerated

Poorly pigmented, sparsley haired, sun exposed areas

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122
Q

Type III Hypersensitivity

A

Immune complex mediated hypersensitivity

Manifestation - localized arthus reaction and generalized reactions such as serum sickness, necrotizing vasculitis and glomrulonephritis

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123
Q

Disease

A

Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta

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124
Q

Histological appearance of acral lick dermatitis

A

Not really a granuloma!

Epidermal hyperplasia

Granulation tissue

Fibrosis

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125
Q

Type I Hypersensitivity

A

IgE mediated hypersensitivity

Typical manifestation - systemic anaphylaxis and localized anaphylaxis

Allergy

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126
Q

Stain used to detect fungal dermatitis

A

GMS Stain

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127
Q

Infarcts

A

Sharply demarcated geometrical shaped dark red to blue area

Becomes firm, dry, sunken, darkened - features of necrosis predominate

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128
Q

Mdx

A

Cutaneous calcification

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129
Q

Mdx

A

Chronic dermatitis and cutaneous hyperpigmentation

______________

D/t chronic flea allergy dermatitis

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130
Q

Mdx

A

Dermal fibrosis and epidermal hyperplasia

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131
Q

Histiologic changes that can lead to the formation of vesicle/bulla

A

Intercellular edema - “spongiosis”

Intracellular edema - “hydropic degeneration”

Disruption of intercellular junctions - “acantholysis”

132
Q

Pathogenesis of Papillomas

A

Viral gene activate host tumor-suppressor proteins

133
Q

Subepidermal Vesicle

A

Entire epidermis separates from the dermis and forms the roof

134
Q

Disease

A

Canine Leproid Granuloma

135
Q

Canine Superficial Spreading Pyoderma

A

Usually secondary condition

Bacterial infection of superficial follicles and adjacent skin

136
Q

Histologic findings of puppy strangles

A

Pyogranulomatous dermatitis

Panniculitis

+/- lymphadenitis

137
Q

Generalized Hyperpigmentation

A

Endcrine dermatosis - change in [tyrosinase]

Acanthosis nigricans - genetically determinded disease

138
Q

Cause of pustules

A

Leukocyte infiltrate

139
Q

Cutaneous Lymphomas

A

Poor prognosis

Epithelialtropic - T cells

Nonepitheliotropic - T or B cells

140
Q

Types of Cutaneous Soft Tissue Sarcomas

A

Fibrosarcoma

Nerve Sheath Tumor

Malignant Firbous Histiocytoma

Liposarcoma

Myxosarcoma

141
Q

MDx

A

Chronic locally extensive cutaneous ulcer

142
Q

Pathological processes that could cause scale

A

Inflammation and Repair

Disorders of growth

143
Q

Mdx

A

Chronic dermatitis

144
Q

Feline Leprosy

A

Mycobacterial Dermatitis

Cats in cold, wet areas

145
Q

Pathological processes that cause crust

A

Degeneration / Necrosis

Inflammation and Repair

Disorder of Growth

146
Q

Disease

A

Primary Idiopathic Seborrhea

147
Q

MDx

A

Neutrophilic dermatitis

_____________________________

Seen with intertrigo

148
Q

Congential Hypopigmentation

A

Inherited lack of melanocytes

Piebalism

Albinism

149
Q

Disease

A

Actinomycete Mycetomas

150
Q

Cause of purpura hemorrhagica

A

Streptococcus equi infection

151
Q

Vitiligo

A

Idiopathic acquired melanocytopenic hypomelanosis (depigmentation)

Gradual expanding pale macules - symmetical

Genetic inheritance

152
Q

Suppurative/Pustular/Exudative/Neutrophilic lesions are associated with what types of disease

A

Bacterial

Auto-Immune

153
Q

Mdx

A

Deep pyoderma with bacterial furunculosis

Chin acne

154
Q

Causes of Infarcts

A

Vascultitis

Frost Bite

Toxins causing extreme vasconstriction (ergot)

155
Q

Atopy

A

Type I hypersensitivity to environmental allergens

Distribution on ventrum, face and distal extremities

156
Q

MDx

A

Pustular, exudative dermatitis/cheilitis

157
Q

Histologic feature of solar/actinic keratosis

A

Dermal fibrosis and comedones

158
Q

Mdx

A

Eosinophillic dermatitis with epidermal hyperplasia

_____________________________

Consistent with allergic skin disease

159
Q

Diagnostic techniques for Canine Superficial Speading Pyoderma

A

Cytology of pustule/crust

Woods Lamp

Fungal Culture

Skin Scrape

160
Q

Pathological process that cuases pustules

A

Inflammation and Repair

161
Q

Type IV Hypersensitivity

A

Cell-Mediated Hypersensitivity

Manifestation = contact dermatitis, tubercular leasion and graft rejections

162
Q

Mast Cell Tumor

A

Dogs - behavior vaires with grade but all considered potentially malignant

Cats and Horses - benign

Can look like anything

Often resembles inflammtion

163
Q

Mucinosis

A

Mucin is normally in the dermis - protein bound to hyaluronic acid

Thickened / puffy gelatinous skin

If severe can exude viscous fluid when pricked with needle

Prone to injury

164
Q

Contact Dermatitis

A

Type IV hypersensitivity reaction - exposure via direct contact

Low molecular weight haptens present in chemicals require binding to cell associated proteins prior to being recognized by CD8+ T Lymphocytes

Distribution depends on site of contact - often poorly haired areas

165
Q

Eosinophillic Plaque

A

Discrete red to ulcerated plaques on abdomen or medial thigh

166
Q
A

Papule

167
Q

MDx

A

Epidermal hyperplasia, dermal fibrosis and elastosis

168
Q

Causes of papules

A

Infiltrate of inflammatory cells

Infiltrate of neoplastic cells

Epidermal hyperplasia

Depostis of mineral

169
Q

Calcinosis circumscripta

A

Young, rapidly growing, large breed dogs

Single hard subcutaneous nodule, usually over pressure points or at previous site of trauma/injection

170
Q

Urticaria - “Hives”

A

Localized areas of edema

Triggered by food, drugs, antisera, insect stings, etc

171
Q

Disease

A

Dermatophilosis

172
Q

Impetigo

A

Superficial Pustular Dermatitis

Nonfollicular pustules which develop into crusts

Prepubescent puppies - healthy

Adults - look for underlying cause

173
Q

Disease and Cause

A

“Diamond Skin Disease”

E. rhusiopathiae

174
Q

Disease

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

175
Q

Dermatophilosis

A

Lesions on back or distal extremities

Stimulate neutrophilic exocytosis

Pustule → Exudate → Matting of hair/wool → Alopecia

176
Q

MDx

A

Ulcerative dermatitis/ cheilitis

177
Q

Superficial Pyoderma Diseases

A

Canine Superficial Spreading Pyoderma - Bacterial Folliculitis

Impetigo - Superficial Pustular Dermatitis

Greasy Pig Disease

Dermatophilosis

178
Q

Cutaneous Soft Tissue Sarcomas - Spindle Cell Tumors

A

Very common in dogs

Multiple types

Prognosis predicted by grade and margins

Locally invasive, slow to metastasize

179
Q

Puppy Strangles - Juvenile Sterile Granulomatous Dermatitis

A

Pups < 4 months old

One or mre in litter

Pathogenesis unknown

Pustules, nodules, swelling of face, ears, mucocutaneous junctions

Fever and joint pain

180
Q

Disease and Cause

A

Hypotrichosis - Singy Calf

In utero BVD Infection

181
Q

MDx

A

Eosinophilic and granulomatous dermatitis

182
Q

Cause Actinomycete Mycetomas

A

Nocardia

Actinomyces sp

183
Q

Eosinophilic lesions are associated with what type of diseases

A

Allergy

Parasitic

184
Q

Disease

A

Demodicosis

185
Q

Disease

A

Greasy Pig Disease

186
Q

Histological appearance of insect bite hypersensitvity

A

May have eosinophilic pustules, folliculitis or granulomas

187
Q

MDx

A

Neutrophilic dermatitis/folliculitis

188
Q

Erythema Multiforme

A

Milder than Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

Single cell apoptosis +/- lymphocyte satellitosis

189
Q

What special stain is used and what is it used to diagnose?

A

GMS or Grocott -Silver Stains

190
Q

MDX

A

Chronic and exudative dermatitis

191
Q

Disease

A

Mucinosis

192
Q

Two forms of epidermal hyperplasia

A

Acanthosis

Hyperkeratosis

193
Q

Papillomas

A

Benign, spontaneously regress

Horny cauliflower like mass

Caused by papilloma virus

194
Q

Depigmentation are characteristically what type of lesions

A

Immune mediated inflammatory lesions

195
Q

Disease

A

Acral Lick Dermatitis

196
Q

Causative agent of what disease

A

Dermatophilosis

____________________

Dermatophilus congolensis

197
Q

Solar Injury

A

Acute UV light exposure leads to sunburn

198
Q

Characterisitcs of 2nd degree thermal burns

A

Epidermis and dermis

Vesicle formation

Some adnexa are preserved allowing epidermal regeneration with some scarring

199
Q

Causes of crust

A

Severe disorders of keratinization

Severe pustular dermatitis

Secondary to ulcers

200
Q

Diagnostic tests used for Feline Leprosy

A

PCR

____________________

Does not grow in culture

201
Q

Gross lesions associated with allergic skin disease

A

Lesions due to self-inflicted trauma - erythema, alopecia, excoriation

Lesions due to secondary pyoderma - papules, pustules, crusts

Lesions due to chronicity - lichenification, hyperpigmentatin, scaling

202
Q

Eosinophilic Granulomas

A

Grossly similar to non-eosinophilic granulomas

Often see collagenolysis due to proteolytic enzymes of eosinophil granules

203
Q

Pathogenesis of Intertrigo

A
  • Closely apposed skin surfaces
  • Frictional trauma
  • Moisture
  • Opportunistic bacterial infections
204
Q

Canine Leproid Granuloma

A

Mycobacterial Dermatitis

Transmission = fly bites?

Nodules involving dorsal pinna, less commonly other distal extremities

Short coated breeds - boxer

Self limiting

205
Q

Interface lesions are associated with what type of diseases

A

Auto Immune

206
Q

Disease

A

Opportunistic mycobacteriosis

_______________________________

Organisms more often found extracellularly

207
Q

Characteristics of 3rd degree thermal burns

A

Full thickness epidermis and dermis +/- subcutis

Sloughing of necrotic tissue, followed by granulation tissue

Scar; life threatening - fluid/protein loss and portal for sepsis

208
Q

Cause of Feline Leprosy

A

Mycobacterium lepraemurium

________________________

Obligate intracellular organism

209
Q

Melanin synthesis

A
  • Tyrosine → dihydroxyphenylalanine by Tyrosinase
  • Dihydroxyphenylalanine → melanin
  • Melanin packaged into melanosomes
  • Melanosomes transferred to epithelial cells or melanophages
210
Q

Cytology of Histocytoma

A

Round cells

Langerhans cell origin

211
Q

Dry from (seborrhea sica)

A

Dry skin and white to grey scales that exfoliate

212
Q

MDx

A

Eosinophilic pustular dermatitis with intralesional acantholytic keratinocytes

_______________________

Pemphigus folliaceious

213
Q

Predisposing factors to dermatophytosis

A

Young or immunocompromised

Hot/humid environments

214
Q

Collagen Dysplasia

A

Cutaneous Astehenia, Dermatosparaxis, Ehlers-Danlos

Skin is hyperextensible

215
Q

Causes of lichenification

A

Chronic irritation/inflammation

216
Q

Pathogenesis of Urticaria

A

Type I and III hypersensitivity ; mast cell degranulation causes focal edema, congestion and pruritis

217
Q

Scale

A

Accumulation of loose keratinized cells

218
Q
A

Crust

219
Q

Pathological process that could cause lichenification

A

Inflammation and repair

220
Q

Papule

A

Palpable, solid, elevated mass < 1 cm diameter

221
Q

Hyperpigmentation - Hypermelanosis

A

Usually increase in amount of melanin rather than number of melanocytes

Generalized vs localized

222
Q

Cutaneous Habronemiasis - Summer Sores

A

Cutaneous eosinophilic granulomas caused by larval migration of Habronema or Draschia sp deposited into a wound by house or stable fly

223
Q

Hypotrichosis

A

Less than the normal amount of hair

Hereditary most common

More susceptible to environmental extremes and infections

224
Q

Diagnosis of Atopy

A

Intradermal Skin Testing

225
Q

Melanin

A

Pigment that imparts skin color

226
Q

Allergic skin disease can be due to

A

Atopy

Food Allergy

Contact Hypersensitivity

Insect Bite Hypersensitivity

227
Q

Disease

A

Solar/Actinic Keratosis

228
Q

Disease

A

Feline Leprosy

229
Q

Equine sarcoid is caused by

A

Bovine Papilloma Virus

230
Q

Causes of Vesicles/ Bulla

A

Auto-Immune Dermatoses

Viral Infections

Chemical Irritants

Burns

231
Q

Thermal Burns

A

Caused by exposure to excessive heat - hot liquids, flames, friction, electricity, heating pads, blow dryers, drying cages, and lightning

232
Q

Urticaria involves what skin layers

A

Superficial dermis

233
Q

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

A

More severe than Erythema Multiforme

Sheets of apoptotic/necrotic cells resembling a burn

234
Q

Deep Pyoderma diseases

A

Bacterial Furunculosis

Abscesses

235
Q

Disease

A

Frost bite

236
Q

Disease

A

Pox Virus

237
Q

Mdx

A

Proliferative dermatitis with “ballooning degeneration” and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies

______________________

Consistant with swine pox infection

238
Q

Histological appearance of squamous cell carcinoma

A

Keratinizing squamous cells gone wild

239
Q

Piebaldism

A

Foci of lack of melanocytes

240
Q

Callus

A

Raised, irregular patch of thickened skin developing from chronic friction, usually over pressure points

241
Q

Disease

A

Flea Bite Hypersensitivity

242
Q

Primary ____________ often lead to degeneration/necrosis

A

Circulatory disorders

243
Q

Lipoma

A

Benign Growth of Dogs > Cats

Looks and feels like fat, only forming a nodule

244
Q

Deep Pyoderma

A

Involes the deep dermis

245
Q

Predisposing factors of bacterial infection of skin

A

Allergy

Disorders of keratinization - seborrhea

Immunodeficiency

Anatomic predispostion

246
Q

Greasey Pig Disease is caused by

A

Staphylococcus hyicus

247
Q

Vesicles are associated with what type of diseases

A

Viral Infections

248
Q

Disease

A

Collagen Dysplasia

249
Q

Characteristics of 1st degree thermal burns

A

Epidermis

Reddend/darkened necrotic epidermis

Complete healing

250
Q

Solar/Actinic Keratosis is caused by

A

Chronic (years) of UV light exposure

251
Q

Disease

A

Canine Superficial Spreading Pyoderma

252
Q

Predisposing factors for Greasy Pig Disease

A

Other skin lesions

Poor nutriton/ husbandry

Lacerations

253
Q

Pathogenesis of Solar Injury

A
  • Direct cellular injury by ionizing radiation; endothelial damage and cytokine production may cause erythema of sunburn
254
Q

Degernateive/Necrotic lesion become ____________ over time as normal response to injury.

A

Inflammation and Repair

255
Q

Epidermal Collarette

A

Circular rim of scale that occurs secondary to rupture of a vesicle, pustule or papule

256
Q

Histological appearance of melanomas

A

Characteristic junctional change in nonulcerated biopsies

257
Q

Conditions grossly indistinguishable from Canine Superficial Spreading Pyoderma

A

Demodicosis

Dermatophytosis

258
Q

Disease and cause

A

Pseudo-lumpy Skin Disease

BHV-2

259
Q

MDx

A

Neutrophilic dermatitis/folliculitis with intrafollicular mites and bacteria

260
Q

Histologic appearance of discoid lupus erythematosisi

A

Interface dermatitis

261
Q
A

Wheal

262
Q

Disease

A

Canine Superficial Spreading Pyoderma

263
Q

Mdx

A

Superficial spreading pyoderma - a superficial pyoderma with bacterial folliculitis

264
Q

Sarcoptic Mange

A

Highly contagious and zoonotic

Chronic dermatitis

265
Q

Pattern

A

Milliary Dermatitis

266
Q

Special stain used to disagnose what disease

A

Zn Stain

Canine Leproid Granuloma

______________________________

Stain shows acid fast bacilli within macrophages

267
Q

Primary Idiopathic Seborrhea

A

Inherited disorder of keratinization or cornification

Dry form Vs Greasy form

268
Q

Disease

A

Hemangioma / Hemangiosarcoma

269
Q

Nodules

A

Palpable, solid elevated mass > 1 cm and deeper than papules

270
Q

Disease

A

Pyotraumatic Dermatitis

271
Q

Mdx

A

Granulomatous dermatitis

272
Q

Causes of developmental anomalies

A

Genetic defect

In utero infection

In utero exposure to teratogen

273
Q

Disease

A

Photosensitization

274
Q

Pathogenesis of secondary photosensitization

A
  • Light activates agents
  • Free radical damage
  • Epidermal necrosis of lightly pigmented or sparsely haired skin
275
Q

Insect Bite Hypersensitivity

A

Type I and or Type IV Hypersensitivity Reaction

React to saliva of insect

Distribution depend on areas favored by insect - can become generalized

276
Q

Cause

A

Primary hemostasis defect - vasculitis vs thrombocytopenia

277
Q

Pox Virus Infections

A

Have gene product similar to epidermal growth factor → epidermal hyperplasia

Many cutaneous lesions only, some systemic and fatal

278
Q

Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex

A

Cats

Not a disease - Pattern of lesions

Indolent ulcer

Eosinophillic plaque

Eosinophilic granuloma

279
Q

Acquried Hypopigmentation

A

Copper deficiency

Destruction of melanocytes or melanin containing keratinocytes

280
Q

Disease

A

Opportunistic Mycobacteriosis

281
Q

Dermatophytosis

A

Contagious - acquired by contact with scales shed from infected animals

Colonize keratin, do not need to invade tissue to cause disease

Self limiting in healthy animals, can become chronic/generalized in immunocompromised animals

282
Q

Examples of benign skin disorders of growth

A

Nodular Hyperplasia

Hamartoma

Cysts

283
Q
A
284
Q

Characteristics of equine melanomas

A

Grey horses - lesions are usually progressive and mulicentric

285
Q

Demodicosis

A

Lesions vary by host/mite species

Distribution on the body

Neutrophilic to granulomatous

In dogs - localized vs generalized form

286
Q

Dermatophilosis is caused by

A
287
Q

Pathogenesis of pyotraumatic dermatitis

A

Self trauma → Bacterial infection

OR
Underlying pruruits (Flea Allergy Dermatitis)
288
Q

Disease

A

Cutaneous Habronemiasis - Summer Sores

289
Q

Mdx

A

Granulomatous dermatitis

290
Q

Suprabasal vesicle

A

Portion of the epidermis forms the roof

291
Q

Pemphigus Foliaceious

A

Group of autoimmune diseases involving type II hypersensitivity against cell adhesion proteins (desmosomes)

Most common and milder form of pemphigus

Involves the face, ears, footpads and clawbeds

Vesicles, pustules, crusts, ulcers

Can be spontaneous, drug induced or associated with allergic skin disease

292
Q

Second most common autoimmune skin disease

A

Discoid lupus erythematosis

293
Q

Sebaceous Adenoma

A

Benign growth of dogs

White-yellow, greasy, cauliflower-like

294
Q

Type II Hypersensitivity

A

IgG or IgM Mediated Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity

Manifestations - blood transfusion reactions, erythroblastosis fetalis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Auto-Immune

295
Q

MDx

A

Pustular, exudative dermatitis

296
Q

Melanoma

A

Dog, Horse, Angora Goat

Usually dark brown

Location, size, mitotic index, and cell morphology may help predict behavior

297
Q

Opportunistic Mycobacteriosis

A

Mycobacterial Dermatitis

Cause atypical mycobacteria

Facultative saprophytes - inhabitants of soil, water and decomposing vegetation

Rapid vs Slow Growing

Infection occur via wound contamination or traumatic implantation

298
Q

Mucinosis is seen with

A

Inherited in the Chinese Shar-Pei

Myxedema with Hypothyroidsim

299
Q

MDx

A

Papular, pustular dermatitis

300
Q

Mdx

A

Cutaneous hyperpigmentation

_______________________

D/t Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s Disease)

301
Q

Superficial Pyoderma

A

Epidermis and hair follicles

302
Q

Disease

A

Acute Solar Injury

303
Q

Localized form of demodicosis

A

Lesions present on forelimbs and face

Young dogs

Self limiting

304
Q

Crust

A

Dried exudate, serum, blood and scale that is adhered to the skin surface

305
Q

Disease

A

Mast Cell Tumor

306
Q

MDx

A

Multifocal granulomatous dermatitis

307
Q

Cause of dermatophytosis

A

Epidermophyton microsporum

and

Trichophyton spp

308
Q

Miliary Dermatitis

A

Cats

Not a disease - Pattern of lesions

Small crusty erythematous papules

Associated with allergic skin disease

309
Q

Alopecia can be due to

A

Endocrine disorders

Hair cycle abnormalities

Excessive grooming

Self trauma

Autoimmune

General poor nutrition

Hyperkeratosis

Cicatricial alopecia

310
Q

Skin infections typically involve what bacterial species

A

Staphylococcus sp

__________________________

Exception - opportunistic gram negatives, and cases of dermatophilosis

311
Q

Disease

A

Melanoma

312
Q

Eosinophillic Granuloma

A

Nodules - may be ulcerated - on thighs, face or mouth

313
Q

Type I (Exogenous) Photosensitization can be caused by

A

Drugs or chemicals containing photosensitive chemicals

St Johns Wort, Lucerne, Perennial Ryegrass

TMS, Quinolones, Griseofulvin

314
Q

Pathogenesis of Frost Bite

A
  • Formation of ice crystals which physically disrupt cells
  • Vasoconstriction and endothelial damage
  • Reduced blood flow
  • Thrombosis
  • Infarction
315
Q

Disease

A

Allergic Skin Disease - Atopy

316
Q

Histiocytoma

A

Dogs - young

Head, ears, neck, distal forelimbs

Dome shaped

Benign often sponaneously regress

317
Q

Factors that influence production of melanin

A

Hormones

Genes

Age

Inflammation

318
Q

Actinomycete Mycetomas

A

Bacteria introduced by traumatic injury

Form large clumps - grossly evident as “sulfur granules”

Nodules, ulceration, draining sinuses, involvement of unerlying bone

319
Q

Greasy Pig Disease

A

Exudative Epidermitis

Fatal in neonatal pigs

Erythema → Pustule → Crust

320
Q

Disease

A

Alopecia

321
Q

Sequence of lesion in pox viral infections

A

Macule → Papule → Vesicle → Umbilicated Pustule → Crust → Scar

322
Q

What pathological process causes vesicles/bulla

A

Degeneration / Necrosis

OR
Inflammation and Repair

323
Q

Type III (Hepatogenous) photosensitization can be caused by

A

Poor hepatic clearance of phylloerythrin - product of rumenal chlorophyll transformation

Toxins causing biliary obstruction

324
Q

Disease

A

Ichthyosis

325
Q

Zinc Reponsive Dermatosis

A

Scaling around mouth, chin, eyes, pressure points and pawpads

Arctic breeds due to inherited defect in zinc absorption

Rapidly growing large breeds due to low zinc diet

RUSVM Pathology I (18 decks)

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