Skin Flashcards
1
Q
Intertrigo
A
Skin Fold Pyoderma
2
Q
Plaques
A
Coalesced papules
3
Q
A
Pustule
4
Q
MDx
A
Grade II soft tissue sarcoma
5
Q
Pathogenesis of sarcoptic mange
A
- Burrow into stratum corneum
- Intesnse pruritis through hypersensitivity mechanism
- Self trauma, chronic irritation
- Hyperkeratosis, lichenification, alopecia
6
Q
Portals for bacterial infection of skin
A
Pores - Follicular Openings
Hematogenous Spread
Direct entry through damaged skin
7
Q
Histological appearance of callus
A
Epidermal hyperplasia
8
Q
Subcorneal Vesicle
A
Stratum corneum forms the roof of the vesicle
9
Q
Pyoderma
A
Clinical term encompassing several diseases
“Pus in the skin”
Usually bacterial infection involved
10
Q
Disease and Cause
A
Impetigo - Superficial Pyoderma
Bacterial infection secondary to immunosuppression/debilitation
11
Q
Purpura hemorrhagica
A
Red or purple macules or patches (hemorrhage or infarct) in the skin or mucous membranes
12
Q
Disease
A
Arabian Fading Syndrome
13
Q
Vesicle / Bulla
A
Palpable elevation filled with clear fluid
Vesicle - < 1cm
Bulla - > 1cm
14
Q
Mdx
A
Cutaneous Infarcts
15
Q
Disease and Cause
A
Purpura hemorrhagica
Streptococcus equi
16
Q
Wheal
A
Elevated, irregular shaped area of cutaneous edema, solid, transient
17
Q
Disease
A
Histiocytoma
18
Q
Idiopathic Sterile Granuloma and Pyogranuloma Syndrome
A
Rare
Cause unknown
Diagnosis of exclusion
19
Q
Mdx
A
Papular dermatitis
20
Q
Pathogenesis of purpura hemorrhagica
A
Type III hypersensitivity immune mediated vasculitis
21
Q
Albinism
A
Melanocytes present but defect to synthesize melanin; color dilution is a mild form
22
Q
A
Vesicle / Bulla
23
Q
Acantholysis
A
Disruption of intercellular junctions
24
Q
Disease
A
Puppy Strangles
25
Arabian Fading Syndrome
Horses with vitiligo
26
Mdx
Multifocal cutaneous edema and congestion
27
Secondary hyperkeratosis can be due to
Endocrine imbalances
Chronic dermatitis
Zinc responsive
28
Mdx
Vesiculo-ulcerative dermatitis
29
Ulcer
30
Mdx
Generalized subcutaneous edema
31
Discoid Lupus Erythematosis
Induction/ exacerbation by UV light
Dorsal nose and nasal planum, pinnae, lips, periocular resion, oral mucosa
32
Spongiosis
Intercellular Edema
33
Histologic characteristics of allergic skin disease
Lymphocyte and eosinophillic dermatitis
34
Pathogenesis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Solar radiatoin, chronic injury commonly involved
35
Ulcer
Loss of epidermis with exposure of dermis
36
Frost bite
Lesions in cold exposed extremiteis
Caused by exposure to cold temperature
37
Pathogenesis of Primary Idiopathic Seborrhea
Thought to involve hyperproliferation of the epidermis, hair follicle infundibulum and sebaceous gland
38
Disease
Insect bite hypersensitivity
39
Diagnostic technique used for opportunistic mycobacteriosis
Culture and Sensitvity
40
Cause of ulcers
Secondary to:
Epidermial necrosis
Inflammation
Infarction
Neoplasia
41
Callus
42
Proliferative lesions are associated with what type of disease
Viral
43
Hemangioma - Hemangiosarcoma
Young adult dogs
Due to solar radiation
44
Pustules and Crust are indicative of what pathological process
Inflammation and Repair
45
Mdx
Ulcerative dermatitis
46
Hyperkeratosis
Increased thickness of stratum corneum
Scaling "seborrhea"
Primary Vs Secondary
47
Disease
Fungal dermatitis
48
Pyotraumatic Dermatitis
Hot Spots
Very common in dogs
Moist, alopecic, slighly raised red well circumscribed lesions that lead to ulceration and crusting
49
Disease
Papilloma
50
Disase
Lipoma
51
Pathogenesis of primary photosensitization
* UV Light absorbed by photodynamic chemicals in the skin
* Free radical damage
* Epidermal necrosis of lightly pigmented or sparsely haired skin
52
Calcinosis cutis
Associated with hyperadrenocorticism
Erythematous to white gritty plaques and nodules
53
MDx
Exudative dermatitis
54
Pustule
Palpable elevation filled with pus
55
Disease
Discoid Lupus Erythematosis
56
T/F: Degenerative/Necrotic lesions are the only pathological processes that cause ulceration
False
57
Later gross features of dermatitis
Scaling
Ulceration
Alopecia
Lichenification
Pigmentary change
Fibrosis/scarring
58
Pathogenesis of Erythema Multifome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Thought to involve type IV hypersensitivity towards antigens or the surface of keratinocytes inducing apoptosis
59
Histological appearance of equine sarcoid
Composed of both epithelial and dermal components - need biopsy that is not ulcerated to diagnose
60
Cause of Canine Leproid Granuloma
Saprophytic mycobacteria
61
Mdx
Multifocal cutaneous ecchymotic hemorrhages
62
Acral Lick Dermatitis
Lick Granuloma
Common in dogs
Extremities - circumscribed, hairless, and ulcerated
63
Disease and cause
Sarcoptic Mange
Sarcoptes scabiei
64
Pattern
Eosinophilic granuloma complex
65
Causes of fungal dermatitis
Pythium
Lagenidium spp
66
Chemical Burns
Caused by body or wound secreations, application of drugs, exposure to acids, alkalies, soaps, detergents, or irritant plants
67
Diagnose Canine Leproid Granuloma
Histopathology
PCR- if needed
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Difficult to culture
68
MDx
Multifocal exudative dermatitis
69
Nodule
70
Causes of scale
Disorders of keratinization
Chronic dermatitis
71
Disease
Zinc Responsive Dermatosis
72
Equine Sarcoid
Common in young adult horses
Frequently involve sites of previous wounds
Invasive, high rate of recurrance, but do not metastasize
Variable range from nodular to plaque like to wart like
73
Gross appearance of Discoid Lupus Erythematosis
Depigmentation
Erythema
Scaling
Erosion
Ulceration
Crusting
74
Disease
Actinomycete Mycetomas
75
Localized Hyperpigmentation
Chronic inflammation or physical irritation
Congenital
76
MDx
Eosinophillic and granulomatous dermatitis
77
MDx
Chronic Dermatitis
78
Cause of demodicosis
Demodex spp mite
79
MDx
Neutrophilic / exucative dermatitis/folliculitis
80
Disease
Equine Sarcoid
81
Characteristics of skin lesions caused by circulatory disorders
Discrete reddened areas
Lesions follow a linear pattern
Lesions are in geometrical shapes
Vascular lesions result in ischemia
82
Granulomatous lesions are associated with what type of diseases
"Higher" Bacteria
Mycobacteria
Fungal
Foreign Substance
83
Acanthosis
Increased thickness of stratums basale and spinosum
84
Disease
Intertrigo
85
Cause of Sarcoptic Mange
Sarcoptes scabiei
86
Disease
Sebacious Adenoma
87
Histologic feature of solar/actinic keratosis
Dermal Elastosis
88
Cause of acral lick dermatitis
Persistant chewing or licking
89
Hypopigmentation - Hypomelanosis
Melanocytopenic (decreased melanocytes) vs Melanopenic (decreased melanin)
Congenital vs Acquired
90
Generalized form of demodicosis
Familial with young dogs
Adult onset - associated with systemic disease such as neoplasia, endocrinopathy or immunosuppresive therapy
91
MDx
Pustular Dermatitis
92
Lichenification
Thickening and hardening of the skin
93
Causes of eosinophilic granulomas
Parasite infection
Insect bite hypersensitivity
Foreign body reaction
94
Pathological processes that could cause ulcers
Degeneration/Necrosis
Inflammation and Repair
Circulatory Disorders
Disorders of Growth
95
Calcificaion of skin
Most common forms observed int he skin are both classified as dystrophic calcification
Chalky white, gritty to hard texture
Calcinosis cutis vs Calcinosis circumscripta
96
MDx
Pyogranulomatous dermatitis
97
Early gross features of dermatitis
Edema
Erythema
+/- pustules, crust vesicles
98
Plaque
99
Tissue Pigment
Melanin
100
Disease
Hypopigmentation
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Albinism
101
Indolent Ulcer
Ulcers on upper lips
102
Solar/Actinic Keratosis results in an increased risk for
Neoplasia due to direct DNA injury and subsequent mutations
103
Characteristics of canine melanomas
Oral, mucocutaneous, subungual lesions are typically malignant
Lesions on haired skin are often benign
104
Why are bacterial skin infections common in dogs?
Thin stratum corneum
Lack of lipid seal of hair follicles
High skin pH
105
Most degeneration and necrosis skin cases have what features
Bacterial infection
Epidermal necrosis/ulceration
Leukocyte infiltrate
Thrombosis
106
Predisposing factors for dermatophilosis
Wet weather in humid climates ("rain rot")
Prolonged wetting of skin/hair/wool allows penetration of epidermis by zoospores
107
Type II (Intrinsic) Photosensitization can be caused by
Porphyria
Inherited deficiency of proporphyrinogen III cosynthetase
Defect in heme synthesis
Buildup of porphyrins
108
Gross lesion progression from solar injury
Erythema → Blistering/Vesicles → Sloughing of necrotic skin
109
MDx
Pustular to exudative dermatitis
110
Gross appearance of insect bite hypersensitivity
Often includes papules
111
MDx
Ulcerative/Exudative dermatitis
112
Disease
Acral Lick Dermatitis
113
Scale
114
Diagnosis of fungal dermatitis
Cultrue and PCR
115
Hydropic Degeneration
Intracellular Edema
116
Fungal Dermatitis
"Swamp Cancer"
Uncommon
Clinically resembles neoplasia... invasive lesions, involvement of regional lymph nodes
117
Greasy Form (Seborrhea oleosa)
Excessive brown to yellow lipids
118
Angioedema involves what layers of the skin
Dermis and Subcutis
119
What secondary condition is commonly associated with flea bite hypersensitivity
Pyotraumatic dermatitis - secondary to self trauma associated with pyoderma
120
Disease
Cutaneous Soft Tissue Sarcoma
121
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Verrucous and ulcerated
Poorly pigmented, sparsley haired, sun exposed areas
122
Type III Hypersensitivity
Immune complex mediated hypersensitivity
Manifestation - localized arthus reaction and generalized reactions such as serum sickness, necrotizing vasculitis and glomrulonephritis
123
Disease
Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta
124
Histological appearance of acral lick dermatitis
Not really a granuloma!
Epidermal hyperplasia
Granulation tissue
Fibrosis
125
Type I Hypersensitivity
IgE mediated hypersensitivity
Typical manifestation - systemic anaphylaxis and localized anaphylaxis
Allergy
126
Stain used to detect fungal dermatitis
GMS Stain
127
Infarcts
Sharply demarcated geometrical shaped dark red to blue area
Becomes firm, dry, sunken, darkened - features of necrosis predominate
128
Mdx
Cutaneous calcification
129
Mdx
Chronic dermatitis and cutaneous hyperpigmentation
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
D/t chronic flea allergy dermatitis
130
Mdx
Dermal fibrosis and epidermal hyperplasia
131
Histiologic changes that can lead to the formation of vesicle/bulla
Intercellular edema - "spongiosis"
Intracellular edema - "hydropic degeneration"
Disruption of intercellular junctions - "acantholysis"
132
Pathogenesis of Papillomas
Viral gene activate host tumor-suppressor proteins
133
Subepidermal Vesicle
Entire epidermis separates from the dermis and forms the roof
134
Disease
Canine Leproid Granuloma
135
Canine Superficial Spreading Pyoderma
Usually secondary condition
Bacterial infection of superficial follicles and adjacent skin
136
Histologic findings of puppy strangles
Pyogranulomatous dermatitis
Panniculitis
+/- lymphadenitis
137
Generalized Hyperpigmentation
Endcrine dermatosis - change in [tyrosinase]
Acanthosis nigricans - genetically determinded disease
138
Cause of pustules
Leukocyte infiltrate
139
Cutaneous Lymphomas
Poor prognosis
Epithelialtropic - T cells
Nonepitheliotropic - T or B cells
140
Types of Cutaneous Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Fibrosarcoma
Nerve Sheath Tumor
Malignant Firbous Histiocytoma
Liposarcoma
Myxosarcoma
141
MDx
Chronic locally extensive cutaneous ulcer
142
Pathological processes that could cause scale
Inflammation and Repair
Disorders of growth
143
Mdx
Chronic dermatitis
144
Feline Leprosy
Mycobacterial Dermatitis
Cats in cold, wet areas
145
Pathological processes that cause crust
Degeneration / Necrosis
Inflammation and Repair
Disorder of Growth
146
Disease
Primary Idiopathic Seborrhea
147
MDx
Neutrophilic dermatitis
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Seen with intertrigo
148
Congential Hypopigmentation
Inherited lack of melanocytes
Piebalism
Albinism
149
Disease
Actinomycete Mycetomas
150
Cause of purpura hemorrhagica
Streptococcus equi infection
151
Vitiligo
Idiopathic acquired melanocytopenic hypomelanosis (depigmentation)
Gradual expanding pale macules - symmetical
Genetic inheritance
152
Suppurative/Pustular/Exudative/Neutrophilic lesions are associated with what types of disease
Bacterial
Auto-Immune
153
Mdx
Deep pyoderma with bacterial furunculosis
Chin acne
154
Causes of Infarcts
Vascultitis
Frost Bite
Toxins causing extreme vasconstriction (ergot)
155
Atopy
Type I hypersensitivity to environmental allergens
Distribution on ventrum, face and distal extremities
156
MDx
Pustular, exudative dermatitis/cheilitis
157
Histologic feature of solar/actinic keratosis
Dermal fibrosis and comedones
158
Mdx
Eosinophillic dermatitis with epidermal hyperplasia
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Consistent with allergic skin disease
159
Diagnostic techniques for Canine Superficial Speading Pyoderma
Cytology of pustule/crust
Woods Lamp
Fungal Culture
Skin Scrape
160
Pathological process that cuases pustules
Inflammation and Repair
161
Type IV Hypersensitivity
Cell-Mediated Hypersensitivity
Manifestation = contact dermatitis, tubercular leasion and graft rejections
162
Mast Cell Tumor
Dogs - behavior vaires with grade but all considered potentially malignant
Cats and Horses - benign
Can look like anything
Often resembles inflammtion
163
Mucinosis
Mucin is normally in the dermis - protein bound to hyaluronic acid
Thickened / puffy gelatinous skin
If severe can exude viscous fluid when pricked with needle
Prone to injury
164
Contact Dermatitis
Type IV hypersensitivity reaction - exposure via direct contact
Low molecular weight haptens present in chemicals require binding to cell associated proteins prior to being recognized by CD8+ T Lymphocytes
Distribution depends on site of contact - often poorly haired areas
165
Eosinophillic Plaque
Discrete red to ulcerated plaques on abdomen or medial thigh
166
Papule
167
MDx
Epidermal hyperplasia, dermal fibrosis and elastosis
168
Causes of papules
Infiltrate of inflammatory cells
Infiltrate of neoplastic cells
Epidermal hyperplasia
Depostis of mineral
169
Calcinosis circumscripta
Young, rapidly growing, large breed dogs
Single hard subcutaneous nodule, usually over pressure points or at previous site of trauma/injection
170
Urticaria - "Hives"
Localized areas of edema
Triggered by food, drugs, antisera, insect stings, etc
171
Disease
Dermatophilosis
172
Impetigo
Superficial Pustular Dermatitis
Nonfollicular pustules which develop into crusts
Prepubescent puppies - healthy
Adults - look for underlying cause
173
Disease and Cause
"Diamond Skin Disease"
E. rhusiopathiae
174
Disease
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
175
Dermatophilosis
Lesions on back or distal extremities
Stimulate neutrophilic exocytosis
Pustule → Exudate → Matting of hair/wool → Alopecia
176
MDx
Ulcerative dermatitis/ cheilitis
177
Superficial Pyoderma Diseases
Canine Superficial Spreading Pyoderma - Bacterial Folliculitis
Impetigo - Superficial Pustular Dermatitis
Greasy Pig Disease
Dermatophilosis
178
Cutaneous Soft Tissue Sarcomas - Spindle Cell Tumors
Very common in dogs
Multiple types
Prognosis predicted by grade and margins
Locally invasive, slow to metastasize
179
Puppy Strangles - Juvenile Sterile Granulomatous Dermatitis
Pups \< 4 months old
One or mre in litter
Pathogenesis unknown
Pustules, nodules, swelling of face, ears, mucocutaneous junctions
Fever and joint pain
180
Disease and Cause
Hypotrichosis - Singy Calf
In utero BVD Infection
181
MDx
Eosinophilic and granulomatous dermatitis
182
Cause Actinomycete Mycetomas
Nocardia
Actinomyces sp
183
Eosinophilic lesions are associated with what type of diseases
Allergy
Parasitic
184
Disease
Demodicosis
185
Disease
Greasy Pig Disease
186
Histological appearance of insect bite hypersensitvity
May have eosinophilic pustules, folliculitis or granulomas
187
MDx
Neutrophilic dermatitis/folliculitis
188
Erythema Multiforme
Milder than Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Single cell apoptosis +/- lymphocyte satellitosis
189
What special stain is used and what is it used to diagnose?
GMS or Grocott -Silver Stains
190
MDX
Chronic and exudative dermatitis
191
Disease
Mucinosis
192
Two forms of epidermal hyperplasia
Acanthosis
Hyperkeratosis
193
Papillomas
Benign, spontaneously regress
Horny cauliflower like mass
Caused by papilloma virus
194
Depigmentation are characteristically what type of lesions
Immune mediated inflammatory lesions
195
Disease
Acral Lick Dermatitis
196
Causative agent of what disease
Dermatophilosis
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Dermatophilus congolensis
197
Solar Injury
Acute UV light exposure leads to sunburn
198
Characterisitcs of 2nd degree thermal burns
Epidermis and dermis
Vesicle formation
Some adnexa are preserved allowing epidermal regeneration with some scarring
199
Causes of crust
Severe disorders of keratinization
Severe pustular dermatitis
Secondary to ulcers
200
Diagnostic tests used for Feline Leprosy
PCR
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Does not grow in culture
201
Gross lesions associated with allergic skin disease
Lesions due to self-inflicted trauma - erythema, alopecia, excoriation
Lesions due to secondary pyoderma - papules, pustules, crusts
Lesions due to chronicity - lichenification, hyperpigmentatin, scaling
202
Eosinophilic Granulomas
Grossly similar to non-eosinophilic granulomas
Often see collagenolysis due to proteolytic enzymes of eosinophil granules
203
Pathogenesis of Intertrigo
* Closely apposed skin surfaces
* Frictional trauma
* Moisture
* Opportunistic bacterial infections
204
Canine Leproid Granuloma
Mycobacterial Dermatitis
Transmission = fly bites?
Nodules involving dorsal pinna, less commonly other distal extremities
Short coated breeds - boxer
Self limiting
205
Interface lesions are associated with what type of diseases
Auto Immune
206
Disease
Opportunistic mycobacteriosis
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Organisms more often found extracellularly
207
Characteristics of 3rd degree thermal burns
Full thickness epidermis and dermis +/- subcutis
Sloughing of necrotic tissue, followed by granulation tissue
Scar; life threatening - fluid/protein loss and portal for sepsis
208
Cause of Feline Leprosy
Mycobacterium lepraemurium
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Obligate intracellular organism
209
Melanin synthesis
* Tyrosine → dihydroxyphenylalanine by Tyrosinase
* Dihydroxyphenylalanine → melanin
* Melanin packaged into melanosomes
* Melanosomes transferred to epithelial cells or melanophages
210
Cytology of Histocytoma
Round cells
Langerhans cell origin
211
Dry from (seborrhea sica)
Dry skin and white to grey scales that exfoliate
212
MDx
Eosinophilic pustular dermatitis with intralesional acantholytic keratinocytes
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Pemphigus folliaceious
213
Predisposing factors to dermatophytosis
Young or immunocompromised
Hot/humid environments
214
Collagen Dysplasia
Cutaneous Astehenia, Dermatosparaxis, Ehlers-Danlos
Skin is hyperextensible
215
Causes of lichenification
Chronic irritation/inflammation
216
Pathogenesis of Urticaria
Type I and III hypersensitivity ; mast cell degranulation causes focal edema, congestion and pruritis
217
Scale
Accumulation of loose keratinized cells
218
Crust
219
Pathological process that could cause lichenification
Inflammation and repair
220
Papule
Palpable, solid, elevated mass \< 1 cm diameter
221
Hyperpigmentation - Hypermelanosis
Usually increase in amount of melanin rather than number of melanocytes
Generalized vs localized
222
Cutaneous Habronemiasis - Summer Sores
Cutaneous eosinophilic granulomas caused by larval migration of Habronema or Draschia sp deposited into a wound by house or stable fly
223
Hypotrichosis
Less than the normal amount of hair
Hereditary most common
More susceptible to environmental extremes and infections
224
Diagnosis of Atopy
Intradermal Skin Testing
225
Melanin
Pigment that imparts skin color
226
Allergic skin disease can be due to
Atopy
Food Allergy
Contact Hypersensitivity
Insect Bite Hypersensitivity
227
Disease
Solar/Actinic Keratosis
228
Disease
Feline Leprosy
229
Equine sarcoid is caused by
Bovine Papilloma Virus
230
Causes of Vesicles/ Bulla
Auto-Immune Dermatoses
Viral Infections
Chemical Irritants
Burns
231
Thermal Burns
Caused by exposure to excessive heat - hot liquids, flames, friction, electricity, heating pads, blow dryers, drying cages, and lightning
232
Urticaria involves what skin layers
Superficial dermis
233
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
More severe than Erythema Multiforme
Sheets of apoptotic/necrotic cells resembling a burn
234
Deep Pyoderma diseases
Bacterial Furunculosis
Abscesses
235
Disease
Frost bite
236
Disease
Pox Virus
237
Mdx
Proliferative dermatitis with "ballooning degeneration" and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Consistant with swine pox infection
238
Histological appearance of squamous cell carcinoma
Keratinizing squamous cells gone wild
239
Piebaldism
Foci of lack of melanocytes
240
Callus
Raised, irregular patch of thickened skin developing from chronic friction, usually over pressure points
241
Disease
Flea Bite Hypersensitivity
242
Primary ____________ often lead to degeneration/necrosis
Circulatory disorders
243
Lipoma
Benign Growth of Dogs \> Cats
Looks and feels like fat, only forming a nodule
244
Deep Pyoderma
Involes the deep dermis
245
Predisposing factors of bacterial infection of skin
Allergy
Disorders of keratinization - seborrhea
Immunodeficiency
Anatomic predispostion
246
Greasey Pig Disease is caused by
Staphylococcus hyicus
247
Vesicles are associated with what type of diseases
Viral Infections
248
Disease
Collagen Dysplasia
249
Characteristics of 1st degree thermal burns
Epidermis
Reddend/darkened necrotic epidermis
Complete healing
250
Solar/Actinic Keratosis is caused by
Chronic (years) of UV light exposure
251
Disease
Canine Superficial Spreading Pyoderma
252
Predisposing factors for Greasy Pig Disease
Other skin lesions
Poor nutriton/ husbandry
Lacerations
253
Pathogenesis of Solar Injury
* Direct cellular injury by ionizing radiation; endothelial damage and cytokine production may cause erythema of sunburn
254
Degernateive/Necrotic lesion become ____________ over time as normal response to injury.
Inflammation and Repair
255
Epidermal Collarette
Circular rim of scale that occurs secondary to rupture of a vesicle, pustule or papule
256
Histological appearance of melanomas
Characteristic junctional change in nonulcerated biopsies
257
Conditions grossly indistinguishable from Canine Superficial Spreading Pyoderma
Demodicosis
Dermatophytosis
258
Disease and cause
Pseudo-lumpy Skin Disease
BHV-2
259
MDx
Neutrophilic dermatitis/folliculitis with intrafollicular mites and bacteria
260
Histologic appearance of discoid lupus erythematosisi
Interface dermatitis
261
Wheal
262
Disease
Canine Superficial Spreading Pyoderma
263
Mdx
Superficial spreading pyoderma - a superficial pyoderma with bacterial folliculitis
264
Sarcoptic Mange
Highly contagious and zoonotic
Chronic dermatitis
265
Pattern
Milliary Dermatitis
266
Special stain used to disagnose what disease
Zn Stain
Canine Leproid Granuloma
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Stain shows acid fast bacilli within macrophages
267
Primary Idiopathic Seborrhea
Inherited disorder of keratinization or cornification
Dry form Vs Greasy form
268
Disease
Hemangioma / Hemangiosarcoma
269
Nodules
Palpable, solid elevated mass \> 1 cm and deeper than papules
270
Disease
Pyotraumatic Dermatitis
271
Mdx
Granulomatous dermatitis
272
Causes of developmental anomalies
Genetic defect
In utero infection
In utero exposure to teratogen
273
Disease
Photosensitization
274
Pathogenesis of secondary photosensitization
* Light activates agents
* Free radical damage
* Epidermal necrosis of lightly pigmented or sparsely haired skin
275
Insect Bite Hypersensitivity
Type I and or Type IV Hypersensitivity Reaction
React to saliva of insect
Distribution depend on areas favored by insect - can become generalized
276
Cause
Primary hemostasis defect - vasculitis vs thrombocytopenia
277
Pox Virus Infections
Have gene product similar to epidermal growth factor → epidermal hyperplasia
Many cutaneous lesions only, some systemic and fatal
278
Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex
Cats
Not a disease - Pattern of lesions
Indolent ulcer
Eosinophillic plaque
Eosinophilic granuloma
279
Acquried Hypopigmentation
Copper deficiency
Destruction of melanocytes or melanin containing keratinocytes
280
Disease
Opportunistic Mycobacteriosis
281
Dermatophytosis
Contagious - acquired by contact with scales shed from infected animals
Colonize keratin, do not need to invade tissue to cause disease
Self limiting in healthy animals, can become chronic/generalized in immunocompromised animals
282
Examples of benign skin disorders of growth
Nodular Hyperplasia
Hamartoma
Cysts
283
284
Characteristics of equine melanomas
Grey horses - lesions are usually progressive and mulicentric
285
Demodicosis
Lesions vary by host/mite species
Distribution on the body
Neutrophilic to granulomatous
In dogs - localized vs generalized form
286
Dermatophilosis is caused by
287
Pathogenesis of pyotraumatic dermatitis
Self trauma → Bacterial infection
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OR
Underlying pruruits (Flea Allergy Dermatitis)
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288
Disease
Cutaneous Habronemiasis - Summer Sores
289
Mdx
Granulomatous dermatitis
290
Suprabasal vesicle
Portion of the epidermis forms the roof
291
Pemphigus Foliaceious
Group of autoimmune diseases involving type II hypersensitivity against cell adhesion proteins (desmosomes)
Most common and milder form of pemphigus
Involves the face, ears, footpads and clawbeds
Vesicles, pustules, crusts, ulcers
Can be spontaneous, drug induced or associated with allergic skin disease
292
Second most common autoimmune skin disease
Discoid lupus erythematosis
293
Sebaceous Adenoma
Benign growth of dogs
White-yellow, greasy, cauliflower-like
294
Type II Hypersensitivity
IgG or IgM Mediated Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity
Manifestations - blood transfusion reactions, erythroblastosis fetalis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Auto-Immune
295
MDx
Pustular, exudative dermatitis
296
Melanoma
Dog, Horse, Angora Goat
Usually dark brown
Location, size, mitotic index, and cell morphology may help predict behavior
297
Opportunistic Mycobacteriosis
Mycobacterial Dermatitis
Cause atypical mycobacteria
Facultative saprophytes - inhabitants of soil, water and decomposing vegetation
Rapid vs Slow Growing
Infection occur via wound contamination or traumatic implantation
298
Mucinosis is seen with
Inherited in the Chinese Shar-Pei
Myxedema with Hypothyroidsim
299
MDx
Papular, pustular dermatitis
300
Mdx
Cutaneous hyperpigmentation
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
D/t Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's Disease)
301
Superficial Pyoderma
Epidermis and hair follicles
302
Disease
Acute Solar Injury
303
Localized form of demodicosis
Lesions present on forelimbs and face
Young dogs
Self limiting
304
Crust
Dried exudate, serum, blood and scale that is adhered to the skin surface
305
Disease
Mast Cell Tumor
306
MDx
Multifocal granulomatous dermatitis
307
Cause of dermatophytosis
Epidermophyton microsporum
and
Trichophyton spp
308
Miliary Dermatitis
Cats
Not a disease - Pattern of lesions
Small crusty erythematous papules
Associated with allergic skin disease
309
Alopecia can be due to
Endocrine disorders
Hair cycle abnormalities
Excessive grooming
Self trauma
Autoimmune
General poor nutrition
Hyperkeratosis
Cicatricial alopecia
310
Skin infections typically involve what bacterial species
Staphylococcus sp
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Exception - opportunistic gram negatives, and cases of dermatophilosis
311
Disease
Melanoma
312
Eosinophillic Granuloma
Nodules - may be ulcerated - on thighs, face or mouth
313
Type I (Exogenous) Photosensitization can be caused by
Drugs or chemicals containing photosensitive chemicals
St Johns Wort, Lucerne, Perennial Ryegrass
TMS, Quinolones, Griseofulvin
314
Pathogenesis of Frost Bite
* Formation of ice crystals which physically disrupt cells
* Vasoconstriction and endothelial damage
* Reduced blood flow
* Thrombosis
* Infarction
315
Disease
Allergic Skin Disease - Atopy
316
Histiocytoma
Dogs - young
Head, ears, neck, distal forelimbs
Dome shaped
Benign often sponaneously regress
317
Factors that influence production of melanin
Hormones
Genes
Age
Inflammation
318
Actinomycete Mycetomas
Bacteria introduced by traumatic injury
Form large clumps - grossly evident as "sulfur granules"
Nodules, ulceration, draining sinuses, involvement of unerlying bone
319
Greasy Pig Disease
Exudative Epidermitis
Fatal in neonatal pigs
Erythema → Pustule → Crust
320
Disease
Alopecia
321
Sequence of lesion in pox viral infections
Macule → Papule → Vesicle → Umbilicated Pustule → Crust → Scar
322
What pathological process causes vesicles/bulla
Degeneration / Necrosis
OR
Inflammation and Repair
323
Type III (Hepatogenous) photosensitization can be caused by
Poor hepatic clearance of phylloerythrin - product of rumenal chlorophyll transformation
Toxins causing biliary obstruction
324
Disease
Ichthyosis
325
Zinc Reponsive Dermatosis
Scaling around mouth, chin, eyes, pressure points and pawpads
Arctic breeds due to inherited defect in zinc absorption
Rapidly growing large breeds due to low zinc diet
