Cell Adaptation Flashcards
Hyperplasia
Increase in the number of cells of an organ
MDx
Fibrous hyperplasia
Adaptation Response:
Atrophy
Metaplasia is reversible only if
Metaplasia is reversible only if the cause is removed
Adaptation Response
Hyperplasia
Hyperplasia occurs in cells that are capable of ____________.
Hyperplasia occurs in cells that are capable of replication.
Adaptation Response
Hyperplasia
Concentric Hypertrophy
growth of a hollow organ without overall enlargement, in which the walls of the organ are thickened and its capacity or volume is diminished.
2 MDx
Kidney - hydronephritis with secondary severe diffuse cortical atrophy
Ureter - hydroureter
T/F: When cells go through adaptation they preserve viability and function, its a reversible change.
True
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is common in ____________.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is common in Main Coon Cats.
Metaplasia occurs most commonly in ___________ cells.
Metaplasia occurs most commonly in epithelial cells.
Hyperplasia may occur concomitantly with __________.
Hyperplasia may occur concomitantly with Hypertrophy.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopthy (HCM) in cats is due to a mutation in the____________.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopthy (HCM) in cats is due to a mutation in the MYBPC3 gene.
__________________________
Inherited autosomal dominant
Hypertrophy
Increased size of cells and thier functions
Adaptation Response:
(Normal = Right)
Atrophy
Hyperplasia is most commonly caused by
Hyperplasia is most commonly caused by excessive hormonal or growth factor stimulation
MDx
Liver- hepatocellular carcinoma with nodular hyperplasia
Metaplasia occurs in response to
Metaplasia occurs in response to chronic irritation
Hypertrophy occurs due to
Hypertrophy occurs due to synthesis of more organelles and structural proteins
Adaptation Response
(Normal = Left)
Atrophy
Dysplasia occurs most commonly in _________ cells.
Dysplasia occurs most commonly in epithelial cells.
MDx
Stomach- gastric lymphoid hyperplasia, multifocal
Causes of atrophy
Decreased workload
Denervation
Decreased blood supply or oxygen
Inadequate nutrition
Loss of endocrine stimulation
Aging
Metaplasia may result in
Decreased function
Increased propensity for malignant transformation
Principal responses of adaptation
Atrophy
Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia
Metaplasia
Dysplasia
MDx
Stomach - diffuse marked chronic gastric hypertrophy
Disease
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Atrophy
Decrease in size and or number of the cells and their metabolic activity after normal growth has been reached
Metaplasia
Change in phenotype of a differentiated cell
Dysplasia
Abnormal development
Adaptation Response
Atrophy
______________
Laryngeal Atrophy
Eccentric Hypertrophy
Hypertrophic growth of the walls of a hollow organ, especially the heart, in which the overall size and volume are enlarged.
Dysplasia is most commonly used in ___________ processes.
Dysplasia is most commonly used in neoplastic processes.
_____________________
Carcinoma in situ
Etiology
Cryptosoridium serpentits
MDx
Kidney - nephrolith with hydronephrosis, cortical and medullary atrophy and medullary fibrosis, diffuse
Adaptation Response
Hypertrophy
Homeostasis
Tendency to stability in the normal body states of the organism; it is the ability to maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting its physiological processes
Atrophy occurs due to
Decreased protein synthesis and increased protein degradation in cells
Cell adaptation occurs when
Cell adaptation occurs when the cell homeostasis is distorted by stresses or pathologic stimuli
