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Pathology > SKIN 2 > Flashcards

SKIN 2 Flashcards

1
Q
  • part of the epidermis that extends downward going to the dermis
A

Rete ridges

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2
Q

part of the dermis that

extends upward to the epidermis

A

Dermal papillae/papilla

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3
Q

• Composed of either 4 or 5 layers depending on the
location
• For areas with thick skin, composed of 5 layers. For
thin skin, 4 layers

A

Epidermis

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4
Q

Single layer of cuboidal cells which are mitotically
active which actively divides and migrate toward the
upper surfaces to give rise to keratinocytes

A

Stratum Basale or Stratum Germinativum

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5
Q

• Spinous layer
• Composed of more mature keratinocytes
• Keratinocytes- polygonal shaped cells in the
epidermis and attached to one another through
intercellular bridges called DESMOSOMES

A

Stratum Spinosum

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6
Q

• Also made up with keratinocytes but with
characteristic cytoplasmic granules called
KERATOHYALINE GRANULES

A

Stratum Granulosum

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7
Q

• 4th layer, that is present only on thick skin including
the palms and soles
• Made up of clear cells, flattened keratinocytes

A

Stratum Lucidum

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8
Q

• The outermost layer, cornified or horny-cell layer
• Composed of dead skin cells which are usually
sloughed off

A

Stratum Corneum

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9
Q

• Thickening of the spinous layer

A

Acanthosis

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10
Q

• Separation of keratinocytes because of disruption of
desmosomes (or what we call the intercellular bridges)
• Clinical manifestation: BLISTERS

A

Acantholysis

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11
Q

• Thickening of cornified layer or stratum corneum

A

Hyperkeratosis

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12
Q

• Vacuolar change of the basal layer with lymphocytic infiltrate at the DEJ

A

Interface Dermatitis:

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13
Q

• Separation of spinous layer because of increased

(edema) fluid in epidermis

A

Spongiosis

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14
Q

There is a defective desquamation resulting to
accumulation of dead skin cells or dead keratinocytes
with in the stratum corneum

A

Ichthyosis

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15
Q

Four types of Ichthyosis

A

Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma
Lamellar Ichthyosis
X-linked Ichthyosis
Ichthyosis Vulgaris

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16
Q

Main pathology for Ichthyosis

A

HYPERKERATOSIS

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17
Q

ACUTE INFLAMMATORY DERMATOSES

A

Urticaria
Acute eczematous dermatitis
Erythema multiforme

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18
Q

ACUTE INFLAMMATORY DERMATOSES common microscopic findings

A

neutrophilic

infiltration and edema

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19
Q
  • A.K.A. Hives/wheals (when confluent)
  • (disorder of a) Localized mast cell degranulation
  • (results in) Increased vascular permeability
A

Urticaria

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20
Q

Individual lesions develop and fade within hours

(usually less than 24 hours), and episodes may last for days or persist for months

A

Urticaria

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21
Q

Urticaria main pathology:

A

Antigen-induced release of vasoactive mediators from mast cells

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22
Q

• Types of Mechanism for Urticaria:

A

o Mast Cell-dependent, (IgE)-Dependent
o Mast Cell-dependent, (IgE)-independent
o Mast cell-independent, (IgE)-independent

23
Q

Type I hypersensitivity

A

o Mast Cell-dependent, (IgE)-Dependent

24
Q 
§ Direct cell
§ From direct effect of the substances
that we have contact with
§ Instead of the antigen being 
presented with the IgE, this type of 
mechanism DOES NOT INVOLVE 
IgE
A

o Mast Cell-dependent, (IgE)-independent

25
Q

Mast Cell-dependent, (IgE)-independent examples

A

Opiate Analgesics and some

antibiotics

26
Q

§ Local Factors
§ Rare, less well-understood
§ Hypothesis: due to the release of local factors one example is exposure to ASPIRIN but he
mechanism of Aspirin-induced urticarial is not very much understood

A

o Mast cell-independent, (IgE)-independent

27
Q

gross appearance of urticaria

A
  • Erythematous, edematous plaques

* Annular, linear or arciform

28
Q

microscopic appearance of urticaria

A

• Perivenular infiltrate consisting of mononuclear cells (lymphocytes surrounds the vessels) and rare PMNs
• Eos (eosinophil) may also be present
• Aside from the epidermal involvement, Perivascular
Edema

29
Q

Urticaria Treatment

A
  • Take oral anti-histamines
  • Localized: topical steroids
  • Sever and more wide spread: IV anti-histamines and corticosteroids
30
Q

meaning “to boil over,”

A

eczema

31
Q

Acute Eczematous Dermatitis is Group of disorders that presents with _________
PATTERN

A

SPONGIOTIC

32
Q

AED main/common histologic appearance

A

Edema

33
Q

Types of dermatitis

A 
o Allergic contact dermatitis
o Atopic dermatitis
o Drug related eczematous dermatitis
o Photo eczematous dermatitis
o Primary irritant dermatitis
34
Q

AED causes:

A

o disease resulting from external application
of an antigen (e.g., poison ivy)
o reaction to an internal circulating antigen
(which may be derived from ingested food
or a drug).

35
Q

AED Treatment:

A

o search for offending substances that can be
removed from the environment
o topical steroids (corticosteroids) and
moisturizers can be used to block the inflammatory response

36
Q

AED hypersensitivity Type?

A

IV

37
Q

Focally,
crusted, thickened, plaques and papules with some
areas of erythema and redness. The crusts are
dried up yellowish exudates

A

atopic dermatitis

38
Q

Gross morpho AED

A

Red, papulovesicular, crusted

39
Q

Characterized by pruritic,
edematous, oozing plaques that often contain small
and large blisters (vesicles and bullae) that are prone to bacterial superinfection, which produces a yellow crust (impetiginization)

A

Allergic contact dermatitis

40
Q

o Characterizes acute eczematous dermatitis
o Edema seeps into the intercellular spaces
of the epidermis, splaying apart
keratinocytes, particularly in the stratum
spinosum

A

spongiosis

41
Q

Initial manifestation of AED

A

papillary dermal edema and
mast cell degranulation manifested by whites’
spaces with concomitant superficial,perivascular, lymphocytic infiltrate

42
Q

perivascular infiltrates that often contain eosinophils in the superficial and deep dermis

A

Certain ingested drugs

43
Q

produce a mononuclear inflammatory reaction
without eosinophils that
preferentially affects the superficial dermis.

A

Contact antigens

44
Q 
o body surface involved is <10%
o febrile form; extensive involvement of the 
skin
o often seen in children
o skin, lips and oral mucosa, conjunctiva, 
urethra, and genital and perianal areas
o Loss of skin integrity -> Secondary 
infection -> sepsis
A

Steven-Johnson Syndrome

45
Q

o body surface area involved is >30%

o diffuse necrosis and sloughing of cutaneous and mucosal epithelial surfaces

A

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

46
Q

between 10% to 30%

A

SJS-TEN overlap

47
Q 
ERYTHEMA MULTIFORME
• Keratinocyte injury mediated by skin-homing CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes
o \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - central portion of 
the lesions
o \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
- peripheral portions
A

CD8+ cytotoxic T cells; CD4+ helper T cells and Langerhans cells

48
Q
  • Macules, papules, vesicles, bullae

* Characteristic targetoid (target-like) lesions

A

Erythema multiforme

49
Q

micro morpho Erythema multiforme

A

• Interface dermatitis

50
Q

CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DERMATOSES

A

Psoriasis
Seborrheic dermatitis
Lichen planus

51
Q

• Chronic inflammation that appears to have an
autoimmune basis.
• Koebner phenomenon
• Auspitz sign

A

Psoriasis

52
Q

Psoriasis pathogenesis

A
  • CD4+Th1 and Th17 cells

* CD8+ cytotoxic effector T cells

53
Q

most frequently affects the skin of the elbows, knees, scalp, lumbosacral areas,
intergluteal cleft, and glans penis.

A

psoriasis

54
Q

is defined if one person to

develop psoriasis and experience local trauma they can trigger the formation of your plaques and papules.

A

Koebner Phenomenon

Pathology (31 decks)

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