Kidney 2

Question 1

characterized by acute renal failure and often, but
not invariably, morphologic evidence of tubular injury,
in the form of necrosis of tubular epithelial cells.

Answer 1

Acute Tubular Injury/Necrosis

Question 2

It is the most common cause ofacute kidney injury.

Answer 2

ATI

Question 3

causes of ATI

Answer 3

-ischemia, due to decreased or interrupted blood flow
-Direct toxic injury to the tubules
(endogenous: myoglobin, hemoglobin, monoclonal light chains, bile/bilirubin
(Exogenous agents: drugs, radiocontrast dyes, heavy metals, organic solvents)

Question 4

period of inadequate blood low to the peripheral organs, usually accompanied by marked hypotension and shock.h

Answer 4

Ischemic ATI

Question 5

caused by a multitude of drugs, such as gentamicin, radio- graphic contrast agents, poisons, including heavy metals (e.g., mercury), and organic solvents (e.g., carbon tetrachlo- ride)

Answer 5

Nephrotoxic ATI

Question 6

The critical events in both ischemic and nephrotoxic ATI are

Answer 6

(1) tubular injury and (2) persistent and severe distur- bances in blood low

Question 7

particularly sensitive to ischemia and are also vulnerable to toxins.

Answer 7

Tubular epithelial cells, especially those

of proximal tubules