BLOOD VESSELS

Question 1

T or F
Arterial wall thickness gradually diminishes as the vessel wall becomes smaller, but the range of the wall thickness to lumen diameter increases.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

smooth muscle cells are composed mostly of

Answer 2

tunica media

Question 3

involved in the pathogenesis of your atherosclerosis, internal elastic lamina

Answer 3

Tunica Intima

Question 4

external elastic lamina

Answer 4

Tunica Adventitia

Question 5

type of artery including the aorta,

the major branches of the aorta (innominate, subclavian, common carotid, and iliac), and pulmonary arteries

Answer 5

Large or Elastic arteries

Question 6

comprising smaller branches of the aorta (e.g., coronary and renal arteries);

Answer 6

medium-sized or muscular arteries

Question 7

≤2 mm in diameter (type of artery)

Answer 7

small arteries

Question 8

20 to 100 μm in diameter

Answer 8

Arterioles

Question 9

They are the are the principal part or physiologic resistance and play a major part in hypertensive vascular
diseases.

Answer 9

Small  arteries  (≤2  mm  in  diameter)  and
arterioles (20 to 100 μm in diameter)

Question 10

T or false

radius of BV is inversely proportional to the resistance

Answer 10

T

Question 11

usually 5um, where exchange of nutrients and oxygen happens

Answer 11

Capillaries

Question 12

have the highest density of capillaries

Answer 12

tissues with high metabolic rates such as myocardium and brain

Question 13

Reverse flow (due to gravity) is prevented in the extremities by

Answer 13

Venous valves

Question 14

these are thin-walled, endothelium-lined
channels. They just drain the excess fluid in
your organs. The difference is that they do
not contain RBCs just fluid.

Answer 14

Lymphatics

Question 15

loss of

aortic elastic tissue will result in

Answer 15

aneurysm

Question 16

Occurs in cerebral blood vessels because of internal hemorrhage

Answer 16

developmental or berry aneurysms

Question 17

Direct connections (usually small) between arteries
and veins that bypass capillaries.

Answer 17

av fistulas

Question 18

Large or multiple AV fistulas become clinically
significant by shunting blood from the arterial to the
venous circulations, forcing the heart to pump leading to

Answer 18

high output cardiac failure

Question 19

Are focal irregular thickening in medium and large
muscular arteries including renal, carotid, splanchnic,
and vertebral vessels.

Answer 19

Fibromuscular dysplasia

Question 20

Occurs from a developmental anomaly in which both
coronary arteries arise over the same coronary cusp
of the aortic valve.

Answer 20

ANOMALOUS CORONARY ARTERY ORIGIN

Question 21

endothelial activators

Answer 21

cytokines and bacterial prods, hemodynamic stresses, lipid products, viruses, complement, hypoxia

Question 22

There is initiation of thrombus formation,
atherosclerosis, and the vascular lesions of
hypertension and other disorders.

Answer 22

Endothelial dysfunction

Question 23

are the predominant cellular element
of the vascular media, playing important roles in
normal vascular repair and pathologic processes
such as atherosclerosis.

Answer 23

Vascular SMCs

Question 24

have the capacity to proliferate when
appropriately stimulated; they can also synthesize
collagen, elastin, and proteoglycans and elaborate
growth factors and cytokines.

Answer 24

smc