Bacterial Infection Flashcards
Common gram + cocci
staphylococci
streptococci
enterococci
less common gram + rods
Diphtheria, Listeriosis, Anthrax, Nocardiosis
Infections brought about by staphylococcus
Abscess, sepsis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, endocarditis, food poisoning, tss
Coagulase negative staph
S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus
UTInin woman
S. saprophyticus
opportunistic, catheter
S.epidermidis
Clumping factor, binding to host endothelial cells
fibrinogen (fibronectin, vitronectin)
Attachment to artificial materials
Polysaccharide capsule
Binds fc portion
Surface protein A
holds the epidermal cells tightly together
Desmoglein 1 (cleaved by serine proteases Exfoliative a and b)
Assoc, with the use of hyperabsorbent tampons
TSS
Focal suppurative inflammation
furubcle or boil
deeper suppurative infection
carbuncle
Chronic suppurative infection of apocrine
glands, most often in the axilla
hidradenitis
Ritter disease, desquamation, sunburn like
Scalded Skin syndrome
Streptococcal (SOLH)
Skin, oropharynx, lungs, heart valves
Group A strep
S. pyogenes
strep grp b
s. agalactiae
Pathogenesis of s pyogenes
M protein, phage-encided pyrogenic exotoxin
Produces preumolysin
S. Pneumonia
Marked by edema, epiglottic swelling,
and punctuate abscesses of the tonsillar
crypts, sometimes accompanied by
cervical lymphadenopathy
strep pharnygitis
important cause of lobar pneumonia
s. pneumoniae
Produces a phage-encoded A-B toxin
that blocks host cell protein synthesis.
c. diphtheriae
Outbreaks of are associated with contaminated
dairy products or processed fruits and
vegetables.
Lesteriosis
In neonates and immunosuppressed adults, it can cause disseminated disease (granulomatosis infatiseptica of the newborn) and an exudative meningitis.
listeria monocytogenes
The L. monocyotogenes escape from the phagolysosome
using a pore-forming protein,________, and two phospholipases.
listeriolysin O
form of anthrax- Makes up 95% of naturally occurring
infections, begins as a painless, pruritic
papule that develops into a vesicle within
2 days.
cutaneous anthrax
Causes hemorrhagic mediastinitis
inhalational anthrax
rapidly leads to shock and frequently death within 1 to 2 days.
inhalational anthrax
Produces potent toxin and an antiphagocytic
polyglutamyl capsule
B. anthrax
Anthrax diagnosis: The presence of large_________ In chains, seen histopathologically using the Brown and Brenn stain or grown in culture suggests, the diagnosis.
boxcar shaped gram-positive extracellular bacteria
are aerobic gram positive bacteria
found in soil that cause opportunistic infections.
nocardia
manifests as an indolent illness with fever, weight
loss and cough which may be mistaken for
tuberculosis or malignancy.
respi infections with nocardia
Nocardia spp stain with modified acid- fast stains ( )
Fite-Faraco stain
are gram-negative diplococci that are flattened on the adjoining sides, giving
the pair the shape of coffee bean.
Neisserial spp.
Neisserial spp have stringent nutritional
requirements and grow best on
enriched media
such as lysed sheep’s blood (chocolate) agar
Disseminated infection of adults and adolescents
usually causes septic arthritis accompanied by a
rash of hemorrhagic papules and pustules.
gonorrhea
Virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis include
pertussis toxin, adenylate cyclase toxin, dermonecrotic toxin and tracheal cytotoxin.
ADP-ribosylates and inactivates
guanine nucleotide binding proteins so
these G pretties can no longer transduce
signals.
A unit
contains four subunits
that bind to extracellular molecules and
allow the A subunits to enter cells.
B component
hypercellularity and enlargement of the
mucosal lymph follicles and peribronchial lymph
nodes.
bordetella
an opportunistic
aerobic gram-negative bacillus that is frequent, deadly pathogen in ppl with cystic fibrosis, severe burns, or neutropenia.
P. aeruginosa
also causes corneal keratitis in wearers of contact
lenses, endocarditis, and osteomyelitis in
intravenous drug abusers, external otitis
(swimmer’s ear) in healthy individuals, and
severe external otitis in people with diabetes.
P. aeruginosa
Pseudomonas spp. Cause necrotizing
pneumonia that is distributed through the
terminal airways in _____pattern
fleur-de-lis
Gram-negative facultative intracellular bacterium
that causes an invasive, frequently fatal, infection
called plague
Y. pestis
ileitis
Y. entercolitica
mesenteric lyphadenitis
Y. pseudotuberculosis
Severe, confluent, hemorrhagic and necrotizing
infections difficult to treat
bronchopneumonia, often with fibrinous pleuritis.
pneumonic plague
Haemophilus ducreyi
Chancroid
t or f
In contrast to the primary chancre of syphilis, the
ulcer of chancroid is not indurated, and multiple
lesions may be present
t
