Lung 3 Flashcards
T or F
metastatic tumors are more
common than primary tumors.
Tru
In the primary tumors, 90% of the tumors in the
lungs are actually
Carcinomas
The rest of the tumors in the lungs would be
carcinoids,
mesenchymal tumors, and other rare tumors.
is currently the most frequently
diagnosed major cancer and the most common
cause of cancer mortality worldwide.
Lung cancer
Lung cancer is generally a disease of older adults,
occurring most often between ages ________, with a peak incidence
between________________
55
and 84 years
65 and 74 years.
Only __ of all cases occur before the age of 40
2%
is the most common risk
factor that has an established association with
lung cancer
Cigarette smoking
T or F
there is a nearly linear correlation between the
frequency of lung cancer and pack-years of
cigarette smoking.
T
other factors that interact with smoking to predispose individuals to this deadly disease
acquired mutations, genetic makeup of the individual
T or F
women are
more susceptible to carcinogens in tobacco than
men.
T
industrial hazards which increase the risk of developing lung cancer
asbestos,
arsenic, chromium, uranium, nickel, vinyl
chloride and mustard gas
T or f
High-dose ionizing radiation is carcinogenic
T
weakly radioactive, but lung cancer
rates among nonsmoking _____ miners are
four times higher than those in the general
population
Uranium
Asbestos workers who do not smoke
have a______ greater risk of
developing lung cancer
five-fold
asbestos + smoke
55-fold greater risk
Chronic exposure to air particulates in smog may cause
lung irritation, inflammation, and repair, and
you will recall that chronic inflammation and repair
increases the risk of a variety of cancers
is a ubiquitous radioactive gas that has been linked
epidemiologically to increased lung cancer in uranium miners.
Radon gas
T or F
Most of the mutations are acquired.
T
Smoking-related carcinomas of the lung arise by
a stepwise accumulation of
oncogenic “driver” mutations that result in the neoplastic transformation of pulmonary
epithelial cells
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
- EGFR – 10-15%
- ALK – 3-5%
- ROS1 – 1%
- MET – 2-5%
- RET – 1-2%
most common (Receptor tyrosine kinases)
EGFR
ALK
Positive KRAS is associated with
poor prognosis
Serine/Threonine kinases
BRAF
P13K
KRAS
Oncogenic gain of function mutations
Adenocarcinomas