skin Flashcards
what is the integument system
a covering –> skin, hair, glands, etc.
what are the functions of the integument system (5)
barrier, vitamin D synthesis, sensation, thermoregulation, social clues
what are the 4 barriers of the integument system
1.) wear and tear barrier
2.) against water loss
3.) microorganisms
4.) ultra violet (UV) light
how does vitamin D synthesis occur
occurs in UV light by converting fatty molecules
what does sensation do in the integumentary system
gives information about the environment through receptors
what is thermoregulation
regulation of temperature (sweating/goosebumps)
what are the two layers of the integumentary system
epidermis and dermis
what is the epidermis made of
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
what is the dermis made of
connective tissue
where does most mitosis occur
stratum basale
what are the cells found in the stratum basale
keratinocyte, merkel cell/tactile cell, and melanocyte
where are melanocytes found
the apical side of the nucleus
what does the activity level of melanocytes cause
color
what happens when melanocytes give up
cause pale/gray color
does mitosis occur in the stratum spinosum
minor mitosis
what causes the spines in stratum spinosum
desmosomes
what is the stratum granulosum layer described by
cells dying
what are keratohyaline granules
pre-keratin protein
what are lamellar bodies
oils
where is the stratum lucidum found
in thick skin only
what is the stratum corneum describe by
dead cells (bags of keratin)
what are the 2 layers of the dermis
papillary and reticular layer
what is the papillary layer made of
areolar connective tissue
what is the reticular layer made of
dense irregular tissue
where are eccrine/merocrine sweat glands found
all over, but in higher concentration in thick skin
what are the main ingredients in eccrine/merocrine sweat glands
water, salt, nitrogen watse
what is the function of eccrine/merocrine sweat glands
cool, moisten skin, increase friction in thick skin
what is the structure of eccrine/merocrine sweat glands
coiled, tubular glands
where are apocrine sweat glands found
inguinal (groin) and axillary (armpit) regions
where do apocrine sweat glands secrete
hair follicles
when do apocrine sweat glands arise and what are they associated with
during puberty
sexual maturity
what do apocrine sweat glands secrete
water, salt, and fatty acids
what gland contains an odor
apocrine sweat gland
what are sebaceous glands associated with
hair follicles
what is sebum
oil
what is holocrine-type secretion
cell ruptures
what is the function of sebaceous glands
lubricate and decrease water loss in hair and skin
what are merkel disks for
tactile for light touch
where are merkel disks found
the epidermis
what is the meissner’s corpuscle for and found
light touch
the dermis
what is the pacinian/lamellated corpuscle for and found
vibration and pressure
dermis
what are free nerve endings
bare axons
what do free nerve endings do
respond to pain, temperature, stretch, hair movement
what are the 3 types of hair
vellus, languo, terminal/coarse
what is vellus hair
fine hair
what is lanugo hair
fetus/newborn white hair
what is terminal/coarse hair
thick hair (head, brows, lashes, groin, pits, legs)
what hormone produces hair
testosterone
what are the growth phases of hair
anagen –> catagen –> telogen
what is the anagen phase of hair growth
growth phase
what is the catagen phase of hair growth
resting phase
what is the telogen phase of hair growth
falling out phase
what is indeterminate hair
hair with a long anagen phase
what is determinate hair
hair with shortened anagen phase
what is baldness
very short anagen phase
