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anatomy and physiology semester 1 > skin > Flashcards

skin Flashcards

1
Q

what is the integument system

A

a covering –> skin, hair, glands, etc.

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2
Q

what are the functions of the integument system (5)

A

barrier, vitamin D synthesis, sensation, thermoregulation, social clues

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3
Q

what are the 4 barriers of the integument system

A

1.) wear and tear barrier
2.) against water loss
3.) microorganisms
4.) ultra violet (UV) light

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4
Q

how does vitamin D synthesis occur

A

occurs in UV light by converting fatty molecules

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5
Q

what does sensation do in the integumentary system

A

gives information about the environment through receptors

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6
Q

what is thermoregulation

A

regulation of temperature (sweating/goosebumps)

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7
Q

what are the two layers of the integumentary system

A

epidermis and dermis

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8
Q

what is the epidermis made of

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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9
Q

what is the dermis made of

A

connective tissue

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10
Q

where does most mitosis occur

A

stratum basale

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11
Q

what are the cells found in the stratum basale

A

keratinocyte, merkel cell/tactile cell, and melanocyte

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12
Q

where are melanocytes found

A

the apical side of the nucleus

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13
Q

what does the activity level of melanocytes cause

A

color

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14
Q

what happens when melanocytes give up

A

cause pale/gray color

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15
Q

does mitosis occur in the stratum spinosum

A

minor mitosis

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16
Q

what causes the spines in stratum spinosum

A

desmosomes

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17
Q

what is the stratum granulosum layer described by

A

cells dying

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18
Q

what are keratohyaline granules

A

pre-keratin protein

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19
Q

what are lamellar bodies

A

oils

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20
Q

where is the stratum lucidum found

A

in thick skin only

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21
Q

what is the stratum corneum describe by

A

dead cells (bags of keratin)

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22
Q

what are the 2 layers of the dermis

A

papillary and reticular layer

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23
Q

what is the papillary layer made of

A

areolar connective tissue

24
Q

what is the reticular layer made of

A

dense irregular tissue

25
Q

where are eccrine/merocrine sweat glands found

A

all over, but in higher concentration in thick skin

26
Q

what are the main ingredients in eccrine/merocrine sweat glands

A

water, salt, nitrogen watse

27
Q

what is the function of eccrine/merocrine sweat glands

A

cool, moisten skin, increase friction in thick skin

28
Q

what is the structure of eccrine/merocrine sweat glands

A

coiled, tubular glands

29
Q

where are apocrine sweat glands found

A

inguinal (groin) and axillary (armpit) regions

30
Q

where do apocrine sweat glands secrete

A

hair follicles

31
Q

when do apocrine sweat glands arise and what are they associated with

A

during puberty
sexual maturity

32
Q

what do apocrine sweat glands secrete

A

water, salt, and fatty acids

33
Q

what gland contains an odor

A

apocrine sweat gland

34
Q

what are sebaceous glands associated with

A

hair follicles

35
Q

what is sebum

A

oil

36
Q

what is holocrine-type secretion

A

cell ruptures

37
Q

what is the function of sebaceous glands

A

lubricate and decrease water loss in hair and skin

38
Q

what are merkel disks for

A

tactile for light touch

39
Q

where are merkel disks found

A

the epidermis

40
Q

what is the meissner’s corpuscle for and found

A

light touch
the dermis

41
Q

what is the pacinian/lamellated corpuscle for and found

A

vibration and pressure
dermis

42
Q

what are free nerve endings

A

bare axons

43
Q

what do free nerve endings do

A

respond to pain, temperature, stretch, hair movement

44
Q

what are the 3 types of hair

A

vellus, languo, terminal/coarse

45
Q

what is vellus hair

A

fine hair

46
Q

what is lanugo hair

A

fetus/newborn white hair

47
Q

what is terminal/coarse hair

A

thick hair (head, brows, lashes, groin, pits, legs)

48
Q

what hormone produces hair

A

testosterone

49
Q

what are the growth phases of hair

A

anagen –> catagen –> telogen

50
Q

what is the anagen phase of hair growth

A

growth phase

51
Q

what is the catagen phase of hair growth

A

resting phase

52
Q

what is the telogen phase of hair growth

A

falling out phase

53
Q

what is indeterminate hair

A

hair with a long anagen phase

54
Q

what is determinate hair

A

hair with shortened anagen phase

55
Q

what is baldness

A

very short anagen phase

anatomy and physiology semester 1 (13 decks)

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