anatomy orientation

Question 1

anatomy is the study of?

Answer 1

structure

Question 2

what are the 6 levels of structural organization

Answer 2

1.) chemicals
2.) cells
3.) tissues
4.) organs
5.) organ system
6.) organism

Question 3

the body’s abilities depend on

Answer 3

chemical reactions in the cells

Question 4

subdivisions in physiology are based on…

Answer 4

organ systems

Question 5

physiology is the study of

Answer 5

function

Question 6

where does body function begin

Answer 6

at a cellular/molecular level

Question 7

what are the 4 ways to study anatomy clinically and their definitions

Answer 7

1.) observation –> look
2.) manipulation –> move
3.) palpation –> touch
4.) ausculation –> listen

Question 8

what is the breakdown of ‘physiology’

Answer 8

‘physis’ = nature/life
‘logos’ = study/discourse

Question 9

what is the breakdown of ‘anatomy’

Answer 9

‘ana’ = apart
‘tome’ = to cut

Question 10

what are the 3 subdivisions of anatomy and their definitions

Answer 10

1.) gross –> visible
2.) microscopic –> can’t see with the naked eye
3.) developmental –> where it comes from

Question 11

what are the 8 necessary life functions

Answer 11

1.) maintaining boundaries
2.) movement
3.) responsiveness
4.) digestion
5.) metabolism
6.) waste disposal
7.) reproduction
8.) growth

Question 12

transverse (horizontal) plane

Answer 12

superior (cranial) vs inferior (caudal)

Question 13

frontal (coronal) plane

Answer 13

anterior (ventral) vs posterior (dorsal)

Question 14

parasagittal plane

Answer 14

unequal right and left sides

Question 15

midsagittal plane

Answer 15

equal right and left sides

Question 16

sagittal plane

Answer 16

right vs left sides (vertical plane)

Question 17

describe the anatomical position

Answer 17

body is upright and palms are forward

Question 18

what is the common reference standard for body position

Answer 18

the anatomical position

Question 19

what is positive feedback

Answer 19

makes a change in homeostasis

enhances a response or exaggerates the original stimulus

Question 20

what is negative feedback

Answer 20

keeps body conditions relatively constant, maintains homeostasis

reduces response/shuts off original stimulus

Question 21

what does the control center do for homeostatic control mechanisms

Answer 21

maintains condition (set point), receives input from receptor, determines response

Question 22

breakdown of physiology

Answer 22

‘homeo’ = same
‘stasis’ = stay

Question 23

what is the definition of homeostasis

Answer 23

maintaining a relatively constant internal environment

Question 24

what is the central concept to physiology

Answer 24

homeostasis

Question 25

what are 7 survival needs

Answer 25

1.) oxygen 2.) water 3.) food 4.) temperature 5.) pH 6.) pressure 7.) volume

Question 26

why are cells important in the body

Answer 26

cells must be kept alive to keep the body alive

Question 27

synovial cavities

Answer 27

where joint fluid is located

Question 28

serous fluid

Answer 28

watery fluid between parietal and visceral membranes

Question 29

visceral membranes

Answer 29

covering organ surface

Question 30

parietal membranes

Answer 30

lines cavity walls

Question 31

serous membrane

Answer 31

watery membrane in ventral body cavities

Question 32

what are the 9 clinical abdominopelvic regions

Answer 32

right hypochondriac, right lateral, right inguinal, epigastic, umbilical, pubic, left hypochondriac, left lateral, left inguinal

Question 33

what are the 2 parts of the abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 33

1.) abdominal cavity 2.) pelvic cavity

Question 34

what are the 3 parts of the thoracic cavity

Answer 34

1.) pleural cavity -> lungs 2.) mediastinum -> middle 3.) pericardial cavity -> heart

Question 35

what are the 2 parts of the ventral body cavity

Answer 35

1.) thoracic cavity -> above the diaphragm 2.) abdominopelvic cavity -> below the diaphragm

Question 36

what are the two parts of the dorsal body cavity?

Answer 36

1.) cranial cavity -> brain 2.) vertebral cavity -> spinal cord

Question 37

what does the dorsal body cavity hold

Answer 37

central nervous system

Question 38

what is the meaning of superficial vs deep

Answer 38

near the surface vs away from the surface

Question 39

what is the meaning of proximal vs distal

Answer 39

near vs distant

Question 40

what are the directional terms proximal and distal used for

Answer 40

extremities

Question 41

what is the median

Answer 41

in the midline

Question 42

what is the meaning of medial vs lateral

Answer 42

towards the midline vs away from the midline

Question 43

what is the meaning of anterior vs posterior

Answer 43

front vs back

Question 44

what is the meaning of cranial vs caudal

Answer 44

towards head vs towards tail

Question 45

what is the meaning of superior vs inferior

Answer 45

up vs down