anatomy orientation Flashcards
anatomy is the study of?
structure
what are the 6 levels of structural organization
1.) chemicals
2.) cells
3.) tissues
4.) organs
5.) organ system
6.) organism
the body’s abilities depend on
chemical reactions in the cells
subdivisions in physiology are based on…
organ systems
physiology is the study of
function
where does body function begin
at a cellular/molecular level
what are the 4 ways to study anatomy clinically and their definitions
1.) observation –> look
2.) manipulation –> move
3.) palpation –> touch
4.) ausculation –> listen
what is the breakdown of ‘physiology’
‘physis’ = nature/life
‘logos’ = study/discourse
what is the breakdown of ‘anatomy’
‘ana’ = apart
‘tome’ = to cut
what are the 3 subdivisions of anatomy and their definitions
1.) gross –> visible
2.) microscopic –> can’t see with the naked eye
3.) developmental –> where it comes from
what are the 8 necessary life functions
1.) maintaining boundaries
2.) movement
3.) responsiveness
4.) digestion
5.) metabolism
6.) waste disposal
7.) reproduction
8.) growth
transverse (horizontal) plane
superior (cranial) vs inferior (caudal)
frontal (coronal) plane
anterior (ventral) vs posterior (dorsal)
parasagittal plane
unequal right and left sides
midsagittal plane
equal right and left sides
sagittal plane
right vs left sides (vertical plane)
describe the anatomical position
body is upright and palms are forward
what is the common reference standard for body position
the anatomical position
what is positive feedback
makes a change in homeostasis
enhances a response or exaggerates the original stimulus
what is negative feedback
keeps body conditions relatively constant, maintains homeostasis
reduces response/shuts off original stimulus
what does the control center do for homeostatic control mechanisms
maintains condition (set point), receives input from receptor, determines response
breakdown of physiology
‘homeo’ = same
‘stasis’ = stay
what is the definition of homeostasis
maintaining a relatively constant internal environment
what is the central concept to physiology
homeostasis
what are 7 survival needs
1.) oxygen
2.) water
3.) food
4.) temperature
5.) pH
6.) pressure
7.) volume
why are cells important in the body
cells must be kept alive to keep the body alive
synovial cavities
where joint fluid is located
serous fluid
watery fluid between parietal and visceral membranes
visceral membranes
covering organ surface
parietal membranes
lines cavity walls
serous membrane
watery membrane in ventral body cavities
what are the 9 clinical abdominopelvic regions
right hypochondriac, right lateral, right inguinal, epigastic, umbilical, pubic, left hypochondriac, left lateral, left inguinal
what are the 2 parts of the abdominopelvic cavity
1.) abdominal cavity
2.) pelvic cavity
what are the 3 parts of the thoracic cavity
1.) pleural cavity -> lungs
2.) mediastinum -> middle
3.) pericardial cavity -> heart
what are the 2 parts of the ventral body cavity
1.) thoracic cavity -> above the diaphragm
2.) abdominopelvic cavity -> below the diaphragm
what are the two parts of the dorsal body cavity?
1.) cranial cavity -> brain
2.) vertebral cavity -> spinal cord
what does the dorsal body cavity hold
central nervous system
what is the meaning of superficial vs deep
near the surface vs away from the surface
what is the meaning of proximal vs distal
near vs distant
what are the directional terms proximal and distal used for
extremities
what is the median
in the midline
what is the meaning of medial vs lateral
towards the midline vs away from the midline
what is the meaning of anterior vs posterior
front vs back
what is the meaning of cranial vs caudal
towards head vs towards tail
what is the meaning of superior vs inferior
up vs down
