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anatomy and physiology semester 1 > anatomy orientation > Flashcards

anatomy orientation Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy is the study of?

A

structure

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2
Q

what are the 6 levels of structural organization

A

1.) chemicals
2.) cells
3.) tissues
4.) organs
5.) organ system
6.) organism

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3
Q

the body’s abilities depend on

A

chemical reactions in the cells

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4
Q

subdivisions in physiology are based on…

A

organ systems

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5
Q

physiology is the study of

A

function

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6
Q

where does body function begin

A

at a cellular/molecular level

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7
Q

what are the 4 ways to study anatomy clinically and their definitions

A

1.) observation –> look
2.) manipulation –> move
3.) palpation –> touch
4.) ausculation –> listen

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8
Q

what is the breakdown of ‘physiology’

A

‘physis’ = nature/life
‘logos’ = study/discourse

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9
Q

what is the breakdown of ‘anatomy’

A

‘ana’ = apart
‘tome’ = to cut

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10
Q

what are the 3 subdivisions of anatomy and their definitions

A

1.) gross –> visible
2.) microscopic –> can’t see with the naked eye
3.) developmental –> where it comes from

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11
Q

what are the 8 necessary life functions

A

1.) maintaining boundaries
2.) movement
3.) responsiveness
4.) digestion
5.) metabolism
6.) waste disposal
7.) reproduction
8.) growth

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12
Q

transverse (horizontal) plane

A

superior (cranial) vs inferior (caudal)

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13
Q

frontal (coronal) plane

A

anterior (ventral) vs posterior (dorsal)

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14
Q

parasagittal plane

A

unequal right and left sides

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15
Q

midsagittal plane

A

equal right and left sides

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16
Q

sagittal plane

A

right vs left sides (vertical plane)

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17
Q

describe the anatomical position

A

body is upright and palms are forward

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18
Q

what is the common reference standard for body position

A

the anatomical position

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19
Q

what is positive feedback

A

makes a change in homeostasis

enhances a response or exaggerates the original stimulus

20
Q

what is negative feedback

A

keeps body conditions relatively constant, maintains homeostasis

reduces response/shuts off original stimulus

21
Q

what does the control center do for homeostatic control mechanisms

A

maintains condition (set point), receives input from receptor, determines response

22
Q

breakdown of physiology

A

‘homeo’ = same
‘stasis’ = stay

23
Q

what is the definition of homeostasis

A

maintaining a relatively constant internal environment

24
Q

what is the central concept to physiology

A

homeostasis

25
Q

what are 7 survival needs

A

1.) oxygen
2.) water
3.) food
4.) temperature
5.) pH
6.) pressure
7.) volume

26
Q

why are cells important in the body

A

cells must be kept alive to keep the body alive

27
Q

synovial cavities

A

where joint fluid is located

28
Q

serous fluid

A

watery fluid between parietal and visceral membranes

29
Q

visceral membranes

A

covering organ surface

30
Q

parietal membranes

A

lines cavity walls

31
Q

serous membrane

A

watery membrane in ventral body cavities

32
Q

what are the 9 clinical abdominopelvic regions

A

right hypochondriac, right lateral, right inguinal, epigastic, umbilical, pubic, left hypochondriac, left lateral, left inguinal

33
Q

what are the 2 parts of the abdominopelvic cavity

A

1.) abdominal cavity
2.) pelvic cavity

34
Q

what are the 3 parts of the thoracic cavity

A

1.) pleural cavity -> lungs
2.) mediastinum -> middle
3.) pericardial cavity -> heart

35
Q

what are the 2 parts of the ventral body cavity

A

1.) thoracic cavity -> above the diaphragm
2.) abdominopelvic cavity -> below the diaphragm

36
Q

what are the two parts of the dorsal body cavity?

A

1.) cranial cavity -> brain
2.) vertebral cavity -> spinal cord

37
Q

what does the dorsal body cavity hold

A

central nervous system

38
Q

what is the meaning of superficial vs deep

A

near the surface vs away from the surface

39
Q

what is the meaning of proximal vs distal

A

near vs distant

40
Q

what are the directional terms proximal and distal used for

A

extremities

41
Q

what is the median

A

in the midline

42
Q

what is the meaning of medial vs lateral

A

towards the midline vs away from the midline

43
Q

what is the meaning of anterior vs posterior

A

front vs back

44
Q

what is the meaning of cranial vs caudal

A

towards head vs towards tail

45
Q

what is the meaning of superior vs inferior

A

up vs down

anatomy and physiology semester 1 (13 decks)

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