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anatomy and physiology semester 1 > joints/articulations > Flashcards

joints/articulations Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three functional classifications of joints

A

synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, and diathrosis

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2
Q

what is a synarthrosis joint

A

the together joint, immovable

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3
Q

what is an amphiarthrosis joint

A

the both/partial joint, partially moveable

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4
Q

what is a diathrosis joint

A

the two/separated joint, freely moveable

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5
Q

what are the three structural classifications of joints

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

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6
Q

what is a fibrous joint

A

when collagen between the bones

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7
Q

what is a cartilaginous joint

A

when cartilage is connecting the bones

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8
Q

what is a synovial joint

A

when there is egg-like fluid between the bones

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9
Q

what are most fibrous joints classified as

A

synarthrosis

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10
Q

what are most cartilaginous joints classified as

A

amphiarthrosis

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11
Q

what are most synovial joints classified as

A

diarthrosis

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12
Q

what do articular/joint capsules do

A

surround synovial joints

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13
Q

what is a fibrous capsule made of

A

collagen

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14
Q

what is a synovial membrane made of

A

simple squamous epithelium and connective tissue

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15
Q

what does the synovial membrane do

A

filter and exchange the synovial fluid and blood

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16
Q

what is articular cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage

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17
Q

what does synovial fluid do

A

lubricates and nourishes hyaline cartilage

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18
Q

what do ligaments connect

A

bone to bone

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19
Q

what do tendons connect

A

muscle to bone

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20
Q

where are ligaments usually found

A

dense regular connective tissue

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21
Q

where are tendons usually found

A

dense regular connective tissue

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22
Q

what is bursitis

A

a damaged and inflamed tendon sheath

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23
Q

what is a tendon sheath

A

a bursal sac that wraps around a tendon

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24
Q

what is bursa

A

a flat sac that contains synovial fluid

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25
Q

what does the bursa do

A

decrease friction around the joint

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26
Q

where are plane joints found

A

wrist bones

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27
Q

where are hinge joints found

A

elbow and knee

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28
Q

where are pivot joints found

A

proximal radio-ulnar joint

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29
Q

where are condyloid joints found

A

round surfaces, the jaw

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30
Q

where are saddle joints found

A

the base of the thumb

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31
Q

where are ball and socket joints found

A

hip and shoulder

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32
Q

where does flexion and extension occur

A

the sagittal plane

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33
Q

flexion

A

to bend, decrease the joint angle

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34
Q

extension

A

to straighten, increase the joint angle

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35
Q

what joint movement is the body in during anatomical position

A

extension

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36
Q

what is hyperextension

A

beyond the anatomical position

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37
Q

where does abduction and adduction occur

A

coronal/frontal plane

38
Q

abduction

A

away from the midline

39
Q

adduction

A

towards the midline

40
Q

where is rotation oriented from

A

the anterior

41
Q

what parts of the body can rotate right and left

A

the head, torso

42
Q

what parts of the body can rotate medial vs lateral

A

extremities

43
Q

where does pronation and supination occur

A

the forearm

44
Q

pronation

A

radius and ulna are crossed

45
Q

supination

A

radius and ulna are parallel

46
Q

is the anatomical position is pronation or supination

A

supination

47
Q

where does plantarflexion and dorsiflexion occur

A

foot at ankle

48
Q

plantarflexion

A

tip toe, foot on gas

49
Q

dorsiflexion

A

heel walk, foot off gas

50
Q

where does inversion and eversion occur

A

foot at ankle

51
Q

inversion

A

sole/plantar surface medially

52
Q

eversion

A

sole/plantar surface medially

53
Q

protraction

A

anterior/forward/ventral

54
Q

retraction

A

posterior/backward/dorsal

55
Q

where does elevation and depression occur

A

mandible, shoulder

56
Q

elevation

A

superiorly

57
Q

depression

A

inferiorly

58
Q

where does opposition occur

A

the thumb

59
Q

what are the three major factors to range of motion

A

1.) the limit of muscles/tendons random of motion around a joint
2.) the fit of bones
3.) other connective tissues

60
Q

what is counterbalance

A

between the range of motion vs joint stability

61
Q

what kind of joint is the shoulder

A

gleno-humeral joint

62
Q

what is the form of the shoulder joint

A

ball and socket

63
Q

what stabilizes the shoulder

A

muscle

64
Q

what do the rotator cuff muscles do

A

hold the humeral head into the glenoid cavity

65
Q

where is the tendon of biceps long head

A

through the intertubercular sulcus

66
Q

what kind of joint is the hip

A

acetabulo-femoral

67
Q

what is the form of the hip joint

A

deep ball and socket

68
Q

how does the hip joint stabilize

A

the fit and ligaments

69
Q

what is the fit of the hip joint

A

a deep and large acetabular labrum

70
Q

what are the ligaments of the hip

A

ligamentum teres, ileofemoral, ischiofemoral, pubofemoral

71
Q

what does the ileofemoral ligament connect

A

ilium to femur

72
Q

what does the ischiofemoral ligament connect

A

ischium to femur

73
Q

what does the pubofemoral ligament connect

A

pubis to femur

74
Q

what is the cause of an extending hip

A

tightening of ligaments due to twisting

75
Q

what is the largest and most complex joint

A

the knee

76
Q

what is the form of the knee joint

A

flat condyles, hinge

77
Q

what stabilizes the knee joint

A

muscles with tendons and ligaments

78
Q

what are collateral ligaments

A

ligaments found on both sides

79
Q

what are he collateral ligaments found in the knee

A

tibial (medial) and fibular (lateral)

80
Q

what are cruciate ligaments

A

ligaments that cross inside the joint capsule

81
Q

what are the cruciate ligaments in the knee

A

anterior crucial ligament (ACL) and posterior crucial ligament (PCL)

82
Q

what does the patellar ligament connect

A

the patella to the tibular tuberosity

83
Q

what is menisci made of

A

pads of fibrocartilage

84
Q

what is arthritis

A

joint inflammation

85
Q

what is osteoarthritis

A

arthritis due to wear and tear and loss of articular cartilage

86
Q

what does rubbing of bone together lead to

A

bony growth caused by stress on the bone

87
Q

what causes rheumatoid arthritis

A

auto-immune disease, infectious disease, or gout

88
Q

what is gout

A

deposits of uric acid

89
Q

what is a sprain

A

a stretched or torn ligament

90
Q

what is a strain

A

a stretched or torn muscle

91
Q

where is gout common

A

the big toe

anatomy and physiology semester 1 (13 decks)

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