joints/articulations

Question 1

what are the three functional classifications of joints

Answer 1

synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, and diathrosis

Question 2

what is a synarthrosis joint

Answer 2

the together joint, immovable

Question 3

what is an amphiarthrosis joint

Answer 3

the both/partial joint, partially moveable

Question 4

what is a diathrosis joint

Answer 4

the two/separated joint, freely moveable

Question 5

what are the three structural classifications of joints

Answer 5

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

Question 6

what is a fibrous joint

Answer 6

when collagen between the bones

Question 7

what is a cartilaginous joint

Answer 7

when cartilage is connecting the bones

Question 8

what is a synovial joint

Answer 8

when there is egg-like fluid between the bones

Question 9

what are most fibrous joints classified as

Answer 9

synarthrosis

Question 10

what are most cartilaginous joints classified as

Answer 10

amphiarthrosis

Question 11

what are most synovial joints classified as

Answer 11

diarthrosis

Question 12

what do articular/joint capsules do

Answer 12

surround synovial joints

Question 13

what is a fibrous capsule made of

Answer 13

collagen

Question 14

what is a synovial membrane made of

Answer 14

simple squamous epithelium and connective tissue

Question 15

what does the synovial membrane do

Answer 15

filter and exchange the synovial fluid and blood

Question 16

what is articular cartilage

Answer 16

hyaline cartilage

Question 17

what does synovial fluid do

Answer 17

lubricates and nourishes hyaline cartilage

Question 18

what do ligaments connect

Answer 18

bone to bone

Question 19

what do tendons connect

Answer 19

muscle to bone

Question 20

where are ligaments usually found

Answer 20

dense regular connective tissue

Question 21

where are tendons usually found

Answer 21

dense regular connective tissue

Question 22

what is bursitis

Answer 22

a damaged and inflamed tendon sheath

Question 23

what is a tendon sheath

Answer 23

a bursal sac that wraps around a tendon

Question 24

what is bursa

Answer 24

a flat sac that contains synovial fluid

Question 25

what does the bursa do

Answer 25

decrease friction around the joint

Question 26

where are plane joints found

Answer 26

wrist bones

Question 27

where are hinge joints found

Answer 27

elbow and knee

Question 28

where are pivot joints found

Answer 28

proximal radio-ulnar joint

Question 29

where are condyloid joints found

Answer 29

round surfaces, the jaw

Question 30

where are saddle joints found

Answer 30

the base of the thumb

Question 31

where are ball and socket joints found

Answer 31

hip and shoulder

Question 32

where does flexion and extension occur

Answer 32

the sagittal plane

Question 33

flexion

Answer 33

to bend, decrease the joint angle

Question 34

extension

Answer 34

to straighten, increase the joint angle

Question 35

what joint movement is the body in during anatomical position

Answer 35

extension

Question 36

what is hyperextension

Answer 36

beyond the anatomical position

Question 37

where does abduction and adduction occur

Answer 37

coronal/frontal plane

Question 38

abduction

Answer 38

away from the midline

Question 39

adduction

Answer 39

towards the midline

Question 40

where is rotation oriented from

Answer 40

the anterior

Question 41

what parts of the body can rotate right and left

Answer 41

the head, torso

Question 42

what parts of the body can rotate medial vs lateral

Answer 42

extremities

Question 43

where does pronation and supination occur

Answer 43

the forearm

Question 44

pronation

Answer 44

radius and ulna are crossed

Question 45

supination

Answer 45

radius and ulna are parallel

Question 46

is the anatomical position is pronation or supination

Answer 46

supination

Question 47

where does plantarflexion and dorsiflexion occur

Answer 47

foot at ankle

Question 48

plantarflexion

Answer 48

tip toe, foot on gas

Question 49

dorsiflexion

Answer 49

heel walk, foot off gas

Question 50

where does inversion and eversion occur

Answer 50

foot at ankle

Question 51

inversion

Answer 51

sole/plantar surface medially

Question 52

eversion

Answer 52

sole/plantar surface medially

Question 53

protraction

Answer 53

anterior/forward/ventral

Question 54

retraction

Answer 54

posterior/backward/dorsal

Question 55

where does elevation and depression occur

Answer 55

mandible, shoulder

Question 56

elevation

Answer 56

superiorly

Question 57

depression

Answer 57

inferiorly

Question 58

where does opposition occur

Answer 58

the thumb

Question 59

what are the three major factors to range of motion

Answer 59

1.) the limit of muscles/tendons random of motion around a joint 2.) the fit of bones 3.) other connective tissues

Question 60

what is counterbalance

Answer 60

between the range of motion vs joint stability

Question 61

what kind of joint is the shoulder

Answer 61

gleno-humeral joint

Question 62

what is the form of the shoulder joint

Answer 62

ball and socket

Question 63

what stabilizes the shoulder

Answer 63

muscle

Question 64

what do the rotator cuff muscles do

Answer 64

hold the humeral head into the glenoid cavity

Question 65

where is the tendon of biceps long head

Answer 65

through the intertubercular sulcus

Question 66

what kind of joint is the hip

Answer 66

acetabulo-femoral

Question 67

what is the form of the hip joint

Answer 67

deep ball and socket

Question 68

how does the hip joint stabilize

Answer 68

the fit and ligaments

Question 69

what is the fit of the hip joint

Answer 69

a deep and large acetabular labrum

Question 70

what are the ligaments of the hip

Answer 70

ligamentum teres, ileofemoral, ischiofemoral, pubofemoral

Question 71

what does the ileofemoral ligament connect

Answer 71

ilium to femur

Question 72

what does the ischiofemoral ligament connect

Answer 72

ischium to femur

Question 73

what does the pubofemoral ligament connect

Answer 73

pubis to femur

Question 74

what is the cause of an extending hip

Answer 74

tightening of ligaments due to twisting

Question 75

what is the largest and most complex joint

Answer 75

the knee

Question 76

what is the form of the knee joint

Answer 76

flat condyles, hinge

Question 77

what stabilizes the knee joint

Answer 77

muscles with tendons and ligaments

Question 78

what are collateral ligaments

Answer 78

ligaments found on both sides

Question 79

what are he collateral ligaments found in the knee

Answer 79

tibial (medial) and fibular (lateral)

Question 80

what are cruciate ligaments

Answer 80

ligaments that cross inside the joint capsule

Question 81

what are the cruciate ligaments in the knee

Answer 81

anterior crucial ligament (ACL) and posterior crucial ligament (PCL)

Question 82

what does the patellar ligament connect

Answer 82

the patella to the tibular tuberosity

Question 83

what is menisci made of

Answer 83

pads of fibrocartilage

Question 84

what is arthritis

Answer 84

joint inflammation

Question 85

what is osteoarthritis

Answer 85

arthritis due to wear and tear and loss of articular cartilage

Question 86

what does rubbing of bone together lead to

Answer 86

bony growth caused by stress on the bone

Question 87

what causes rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 87

auto-immune disease, infectious disease, or gout

Question 88

what is gout

Answer 88

deposits of uric acid

Question 89

what is a sprain

Answer 89

a stretched or torn ligament

Question 90

what is a strain

Answer 90

a stretched or torn muscle

Question 91

where is gout common

Answer 91

the big toe