cells - the living units (exam 2)

Question 1

what is mitosis

Answer 1

the division of genetic/nuclear material

Question 2

what is prophase

Answer 2

the beginning phase

Question 3

what is the longest phase of mitosis

Answer 3

prophase

Question 4

what appears during prophase

Answer 4

the spindle
chromosomes

Question 5

what is the mitotic spindle made of

Answer 5

microtubules

Question 6

what are chromosomes made from

Answer 6

chromatin

Question 7

what disappears during mitosis

Answer 7

nucleolus
nuclear envelope

Question 8

what is metaphase

Answer 8

the between phase

Question 9

where are chromosomes located during metaphase and what are they attached to

Answer 9

the metaphase plate, the spindle

Question 10

what is the metaphase plate

Answer 10

the line up of chromosomes midway between the 2 poles of the cell

Question 11

what is anaphase

Answer 11

the apart phase

Question 12

what happens during anaphase

Answer 12

sister chromatids separate (one is a copy of the other), each becoming its own chromosome

Question 13

what happens after the chromosomes separate in anaphase

Answer 13

they move to opposite poles along the spindle fibers

Question 14

what is telophase

Answer 14

prophase in reverse, the end phase

Question 15

what reappears in telophase (2)

Answer 15

the nuclear envelope and the nucleolus

Question 16

what disappears in telophase (2)

Answer 16

the spindle, chromosomes

Question 17

what is cytokinesis

Answer 17

cell movement, the physical division of cells

Question 18

when does the contractile ring form

Answer 18

during cytokinesis

Question 19

where does the contractile ring form

Answer 19

at the cleavage furrow

Question 20

what is the contractile ring made of

Answer 20

proteins

Question 21

what does cell volume mean for cell division

Answer 21

big cells divide

Question 22

what are cyclins

Answer 22

chemical messengers within the cell

Question 23

what happens when there is a build up of cyclins

Answer 23

the cell divides

Question 24

what happens to the cells during cancer

Answer 24

there is an abnormal cell proliferation, cells lose their mitotic control

Question 25

what is a genome

Answer 25

all of the genes

Question 26

what is a gene

Answer 26

a segment of DNA that will encode/give instructions for a polypeptide/protein to be made

Question 27

what is replication

Answer 27

the process of copying DNA (daughter cells) for mitosis

Question 28

what is transcription

Answer 28

the process of making RNA from DNA

Question 29

what is translation

Answer 29

the process of making proteins from RNA

Question 30

what language is transcription in

Answer 30

nitrogen bases

Question 31

what language is translation in

Answer 31

amino acids

Question 32

what does semiconservative DNA replication mean

Answer 32

half of the DNA is saved/conserved

Question 33

what are the three parts of DNA replication

Answer 33

1.) DNA unwinds from histone proteins
2.) helicase enzyme exposes nitrogen bases
3.) DNA polymerase adds new nucleotides along both strands

Question 34

where does transcription occur

Answer 34

in the nucleus

Question 35

where do transcription factors bind to

Answer 35

the promoter region

Question 36

where does the RNA polymerase enzyme bind to

Answer 36

DNA

Question 37

where is pre-messenger RNA built along

Answer 37

the sense strand

Question 38

what are the RNA nucleotides (4)

Answer 38

A, G, C, U

Question 39

what are exons

Answer 39

the parts of the pre-mRNA that are kept

Question 40

what are introns

Answer 40

the parts of the pre-mRNA that are cut out

Question 41

where does translation take place

Answer 41

in the cytoplasm

Question 42

what are the three ‘players’ involved in translation

Answer 42

mRNA, tRNA, ribosome

Question 43

how do amino acids bind

Answer 43

peptide bonds

Question 44

what type of bonds are peptide bonds

Answer 44

covalent bonds