SKILL ACQUISITION: learning and performance Flashcards
what is learning?
considered to be a more or less permanent change in performance associated with experiences but excluding changes which occur through maturation and degeneration of through alterations in the receptor or effector organs.
what is performance?
a more temporary occurrence fluctuating from time to time because of many potentially operating variables we usually use performance to represent the amount of learning that has occurred for the process of learning must be inferred.
The 5 typical learning curves
linear
positive
negative
beginners learning curve in one lesson
learning plateau
what is a linear learning curve?
the rate of improvement is DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL to the number of practice sessions- there is no constant improvement.
What is positive acceleration?
there is an increasing progress in LATER trails rather than earlier ones.
what is negative acceleration?
shows that there are greater gains from EARLIER trails rather than later.
what is a beginners learning curve?
s- shaped curve a period of positive acceleration followed by a period of negative sessions.
what is a learning plateau?
a plateau is a period during which, although there are FLUCTUATIONS from trail to trail, there is NO definitive change in the performance measured.
what causes a learning plateau?
motivation
boredom
coaching
limit of ability
target
fatigue/injury
How does a coach overcome a players lack in motivation?
vary sessions, use variable principles and offer tangible rewards.
How does a coach overcome a players boardom?
try a varied coaching method and offer tangible results.
How does a coach overcome a players limit of ability?
allow the performer to compete against others at the same ability.
How does a coach overcome a players coaching difficulties?
try a varied coaching method and try an alternative coach.
How does a coach overcome a player wanting targets?
set goals using SMART principles
How does a coach overcome a players fatigue/injury?
allow the performer to rest and use disturbed practice.
What are the three stages of learning?
cognitive stage
associative stage
autonomous stage
characteristics of the cognitive stage?
Th learner doesn’t know the motor programme.
visual guidance is needed
eccentric feedback is also required
learner will develop through trail and error
e.g. learning the forehand technique and not focusing on the outcome.
characteristics of associative learning
the learner knows the motor programme
lots of practice is needed to develop the skill
less errors will be made- but they will still learn through failing.
this is when the learner will begin to think about the outcome.
e.g. forehand crosscourt and deep
what is the autonomous learning stage?
the skill becomes habitual
the learner will make very few errors
the learner may begin to vary the skill
e.g. adding slice onto the forehand
