skeletal vocab

Question 1

organ system that includes the bones, and the ligaments and cartilages that hold them together

Answer 1

Skeletal system

Question 2

a bone with a long longitudinal axis and expanded ends

Answer 2

Long bones

Question 3

a bone with approximately equal length and width

Answer 3

Short bones

Question 4

bones that are expanded into broad, flat plates

Answer 4

Flat bones

Question 5

category of bones that come in a variety of shapes, most often connected to other bones

Answer 5

Irregular bones

Question 6

either end of a long bone

Answer 6

Epiphysis

Question 7

hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of bones in synovial joints

Answer 7

Articular cartilage

Question 8

shaft of a long bone

Answer 8

Diaphysis

Question 9

dense connective tissue covering the surface of a bone

Answer 9

Periosteum

Question 10

dense bone tissue in which cells are organized in osteons without apparent spaces; cortical bone

Answer 10

Compact bone

Question 11

bone that consists of bars and plates separated by irregular spaces; cancellous bone

Answer 11

Spongy bone

Question 12

branching bony plate that separates irregular spaces within spongy bones

Answer 12

Trabecula

Question 13

cavity containing red and yellow marrow within the diaphysis of a long bone

Answer 13

Medullary cavity

Question 14

tissue lining the medullary cavity in the bone

Answer 14

Endosteum

Question 15

connective tissue in spaces in bones that includes blood forming stem cells

Answer 15

Marrow

Question 16

layer of matrix surrounding the central canal of an osteon

Answer 16

Lamellae

Question 17

microscopic canal that connects lacunae of bone tissue

Answer 17

Canaliculus

Question 18

formation of bone tissue

Answer 18

Ossification

Question 19

bone that forms from membrane-like layers of primitive connective tissue

Answer 19

Intramembranous bones

Question 20

bone-forming cell

Answer 20

Osteoblast

Question 21

mature bone cell

Answer 21

Osteocyte

Question 22

bone that begins as hyaline cartilage that is subsequently replaced by bone tissue

Answer 22

Endochondral bone

Question 23

cartilaginous layer between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone that grows, lengthening the bone

Answer 23

Epiphyseal plate

Question 24

cell that breaks down bone matrix

Answer 24

Osteoclast

Question 25

production of blood cells from dividing stem and progenitor cells

Answer 25

Hematopoiesis

Question 26

the portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the organs of the head, neck, and trunk

Answer 26

Axial skeleton

Question 27

the cranium and the facial bones

Answer 27

Skull

Question 28

the bony part of the skull that encloses the brain

Answer 28

Cranium

Question 29

the bones that surround the mouth and nose

Answer 29

Facial bones

Question 30

the bone that supports the tongue and is located in the neck between the lower jaw and the larynx

Answer 30

Hyoid bone

Question 31

the spinal cord that consists of vertebrae separated by cartilaginous intervertebral discs

Answer 31

vertebral column

Question 32

the triangular bone in the lower back formed from fused vertebrae

Answer 32

Sacrum

Question 33

the bone that is attached to the end of the sacrum and is composed of four fused vertebrae

Answer 33

Coccyx

Question 34

the structure consisting of the ribs, thoracic vertebrae, and sternum that protects the organs of the thoracic cavity

Answer 34

Thoracic cage

Question 35

a series of flat bones that articulate posteriorly with the thoracic vertebrae, enclosing the chest cavity

Answer 35

Rib

Question 36

part of the skeleton that supports and attaches the upper limbs

Answer 36

Pectoral girdle

Question 37

the shoulder blades

Answer 37

Scapula

Question 38

pertaining to the wrist or any of the individual wrist bones

Answer 38

Carpal

Question 39

any of the five bones of the hand between the wrist bones and finger bones

Answer 39

Metacarpals

Question 40

part of the skeleton to which the lower limbs attach

Answer 40

Pelvic girdle

Question 41

basin-shaped structure formed by the sacrum and hip bones

Answer 41

Pelvis

Question 42

membranous region between certain developing cranial bones in the skull of a fetus or infant

Answer 42

Fontanels

Question 43

fibrocartilage structure between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae

Answer 43

Intervertebral discs

Question 44

one of the bones making up the hip bones

Answer 44

ilium

Question 45

two or more bones joined by dense connective tissue

Answer 45

Fibrous joints

Question 46

two or more bones joined by cartilage

Answer 46

Cartilaginous joints

Question 47

freely movable joint

Answer 47

Synovial joints

Question 48

movement decreasing the angle between bones at a joint

Answer 48

Flexion

Question 49

movement increasing the angle between bones at a joint

Answer 49

extension

Question 50

movement of a body part away from the midline

Answer 50

Abduction

Question 51

movement of a body part toward the midline

Answer 51

Adduction

Question 52

movement turning a body part on its longitudinal axis

Answer 52

Rotation

Question 53

downward or backward rotation of the palm

Answer 53

Pronation

Question 54

upward or forward rotation of the palm

Answer 54

Supination

Question 55

turning the plantar surface if the foot outward, away from the midline

Answer 55

Eversion

Question 56

turning the plantar surface of the foot inward, toward the middle

Answer 56

Inversion

Question 57

movement of a part toward the back

Answer 57

Retraction

Question 58

forward movement of a body part

Answer 58

protraction