muscle 4-18-19 Flashcards
What are some general functions of muscles?
- Move the skeleton (because muscles are attached to bones via tendons
- Control openings (like the eyes, mouth, and anus which have sphincter muscles surrounding them)
- Stabilize joints(to maintain our posture)
- Provide facial expressions (like happy, sad, ect.)
- Give off heat (when you move around, walk, exercise)
- Offer protection (abdominal organs protected by rectus abdominis)
In what five ways can muscles be named
- Shape
- Number of heads
- Length
- Location
- Where attached
Give an example of a muscle named in each of the five different ways
Shape
-Deltoid (looks like upside-down triangle)
-Trapezius (looks like a trapezoid)
Number of heads
-Biceps (has 2 heads)
-triceps (has 3 heads)
Length
-Short muscles- referred to as “brevis” (abbreviated)
-Long muscles- referred to as “longus” (long)
Location
-Brachii- located in the arm
-Femoris- located in the thigh
-Intercostals- located between the ribs
-Temporalis- located over the temporal bone of the skull
Where attached
-Sternocleidomastoid- is attached to the sternum, clavicle, and mastoid process of the temporal bone (this lets you know it’s in the neck)
What are the six specific types of movement muscles produce?
~Some muscles are flexors
-Flexors decrease the angle at a joint
-Example: when the biceps brachii muscles contracts, the angle at the elbow decreases
~Some muscles are extensors
-Extensors increase the angle at a joint
-Example: when the triceps brachii muscle contracts, the angle at the elbow
~Some muscles are adductors
-Adductors move the limb toward the midline of the body
~Some muscles are abductors
-Abductors moe a limb away from the midline of the body
~Some muscles are supinators
-Supinators move the hand palm up (remember by “soup in palm”)
~Some muscles are pronators
-Pronators more the hand palm down
What can you tell me about this muscle simply by looking at its name: extensor carpi radialis longus? Where would is be located?
Extensor- increases the angle of a joint
Capri- attaches at the carpal bones (wrist)
Radialis- is in the forearm (associated with the radius bone)
Longus- is a long muscle
This is a long muscle found in the forearm which acts to extend the wrist
Muscles work in pairs. What is the name for each and what is its function
~Prime mover
-Main muscle contracting and carrying out the function
~antagonist
-Must relax for the prime mover to function
-Example: the biceps flex (are prime movers) only if the triceps relax (antagonist)
What is the name for each type of muscle attachment and what are the characteristics of each?
Origin
- Immovable end
- Is at the proximal portion of the limb or is closer to the midline of the trunk
Insertion
- Movable end
- Is at the distal portion of the limb or is farther from the midline of the trunk
How many muscles are there in the human body?
639
MUSCLES OF THE HEAD Galea aponeurotica (epicranial aponeurosis)
thin , strong layer of connective tissue (is not a muscle)
Is important because it connects the frontalis muscle to the occipitalis muscle
MUSCLES OF THE HEAD
Occipitalis
Origin: occipital bone and mastoid process
Insertion: galea aponeurotica
Action: moves skin and hair located over the occipital bone up and down
MUSCLES OF THE HEAD
Frontalis
O: galea aponeurotica
I: muscles in the superior orbit
A: raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead
MUSCLES OF THE HEAD
Levator palpebrae
O: superior orbit
I: upper eyelid
A: raises eyelid
MUSCLES OF THE HEAD
orbicularis oculi
O: medial palpebral ligament
I: lateral palpebral ligament
A: blinks and/or closes eyelids
MUSCLES OF THE HEAD
buccinator
O: maxilla and mandible
I:angle of mouth
A: helps you smile; compresses sides of cheeks to force air out of mouth; useful when chewing
MUSCLES OF THE HEAD
Orbicularis oris
O: cheek muscles
I: contralateral angle of mouth
A: closes mouth
