Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy > integumentary system test > Flashcards

integumentary system test Flashcards

1
Q

Of what are the organs of the integumentary system made?

A

Skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Give the name and location of the four different kinds of membranes

A
  • Serous membranes
  • Mucous membranes
  • Synovial membranes
  • Cutaneous membranes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

line body cavities that don’t open to the outside; secrete serous fluid

A

Serous membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

line cavities and tubes opening to the outside; secrete mucus (note: mucous is an adjective and munuc is a noun)

A

Mucous membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

line joint cavities; secrete synovial fluid

A

Synovial membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cover the body as skin

A

Cutaneous membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the largest organ by weight?

A

Skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the major functions of the I.S.?

A
  • Protects the body from invading microorganisms (unless the skin is broken)
  • Prevents water loss from the body
  • Helps to regulate body temperature
  • Important in the synthesis of vitamin D
  • Has sensory receptors for touch, pain, pressure, and temperature
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The integumentary system is composed of two distinct tissue layers. Name and describe them

A
  • Epidermis: the outermost layer of the skin; composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue; avascular (has no blood vessels)
  • Dermis: the innermost layer of the skin; composed of connective tissue (collagen, elastin, adipose, blood), smooth muscle tissue, and nervous tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does the function of the epidermis differ from that of the dermis?

A

The epidermis protects the body, and the dermis nourishes the epidermis with its blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the accessory structures of the I.S. or skin?

A
  • Hair follicles
  • Nails
  • Sweat glands (eccrine and apocrine)
  • Sebaceous glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is the subcutaneous layer found? Is it a part of the skin?

A

The subcutaneous layer is located below the dermis. Another name for it is hypodermis. The subcutaneous layer is NOT considered to be a part of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of the subcutaneou slayer?

A
  • Insulates the body since it is composed of adipose tissue(fat)
  • Adheres the dermis to the muscular later
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are characteristics of the epidermis

A
  • Composed of stratified squamous epithelium
  • Has no blood vessels (is avascular)
  • Its outer layers become keratinized (hardened) and “slough” or fall off
  • Its innermost layers of cells rests on a basement membrane
  • It is thickest on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the layers (strata) of the epidermis, from the outside of to the inside?

A

Stratum corneum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum spinosum, Stratum basale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

outermost, keratinized part of the epidermis

A

Stratum corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

appears as a clear layer on the palms and the soles

A

Stratum lucidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cells underneath the stratum lucidum

A

Stratum granulosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cells located within dermal papillae

A

Stratum spinosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

layer of cells attached to the basement membrane; contains melanin containing cells called melanocytes

A

Stratum basale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why is the boundary between the epidermis and the dermis uneven?

A

The epidermis has ridges. The dermis has dermal papillae which extended up into the spaces between epidermal ridges, carrying blood vessels to nourish the epidermis. This unevenness leads to unique fingerprints for individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are characteristics of the dermis?

A
  • Contains the accessory structures of the skin: hair follicles, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands
  • Has blood vessels
  • Binds the epidermis to underlying tissue (the subcutaneous layer)
  • Has fibrous connective tissue (collagen and elastic) which provide resilience and elasticity
  • Has smooth muscle fibers attached to hair follicles; when they contract they cause your hair to stand on end
  • Has nerve fibers
  • Has sensory receptors like Meissner’s corpuscles and Pacinian corpuscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Can severely burned or injured dermis tissue always regenerate?

A

No. If accessory structures do not survive, then dermis cannot regenerate. If accessory structures survive, the dermis can regenerate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

portion of the hair from the scalp down

A

Hair root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

tube-like depression of epidermal cells extending down into the dermis; completely surrounds the root of the hair and the hair papilla

A

Hair follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

portion of the hair form the scalp up

A

Hair shaft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

projection of connective tissue extending up into the hair follicle; enables blood vessels to get to rapidly growing cells in the hair root and nourish them

A

Hair papillae

28
Q

smooth muscle associated with the hair follicle; when it contracts, it causes goosebumps and hair to stand on end

A

Arrector pili muscle

29
Q

What are nails?

A

Protective covering on the ends of fingers and toes

Differentiate among nail plate, nail bed, and lunula

30
Q

produced from epidermal cells; is continuous with the skin

A

Nail bed

31
Q

portion lying over the nail bed

A

Nail plate

32
Q

most actively growing portion of the nail; shaper like a half moon; located at the base of the nail plate; when it grows, it pushes the nail plate over the nail bed

A

Lunula

33
Q

What are some characteristics of sebaceous glands?

A
  • Coiled glandular tissues made up of epidermal cells specialized to form secretions
  • Sebum is the name for the secretions of sebaceous glands
  • Sebum is composed of oily secretions plus the cells that secrete them
  • Sebum acts to keep hair and skin soft, pliable, and waterproof
  • Sebaceous glands are always associated with hair follicles
  • Sebaceous glands are absent on the palms and the soles
34
Q

Sebaceous glands are holocrine glands. What does this mean?

A

They secrete both their secretions plus the cell that secreted them. This means that sebum contains both the cell secretions (oil) and the cells themselves

35
Q

What are the two types of sweat glands?

A

Eccrine and Apocrine sweat glands

36
Q
  • Consists of a tiny tub originating as a ball-shaped coil lined with sweat-secreting epithelial cells
  • Are not associated with hair follicles
  • Release sweat to the outside of the body through a pore
  • When body temperature increases, eccrine sweat glands respond by secreting sweat
  • Sweat functions to cool the body and to rid it of some wastes
A

Eccrine sweat glands

37
Q
  • Consist of a tiny tube originating as a ball-shaped coil lined with sweat-secreting epithelial cells
  • Are associated with hair follicles
  • Sweat is released to outside of body through the hair follicle
  • When you are emotionally upset or sexually aroused, apocrine sweat glands respond by secreting sweat
  • This sweat develops a scent as it is metabolized by bacteria on the skin
  • Apocrine sweat glands become active at puberty and are most numerous in the inguinal (groin) area
A

Apocrine sweat glands

38
Q

Name and describe some common disorders of the integumentary system

A
  • Acute sunburn
  • Skin cancer
  • Contact dermatitis
  • Acne
39
Q

occurs when too much ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaches the skin and causes an inflammation or reddening due to dilation of peripheral blood vessels

A

Acute sunburn

40
Q

begins when ultraviolet radiation mutates the DNA of a skin cell

A

Skin cancer

41
Q

superficial skin inflammation or irritation resulting from either an immune response or exposure to and irritant

A

Contact dermatitis

42
Q

inflammation of sebaceous gland caused by hormones signaling an increased release of sebum

A

Acne

43
Q

What is melanin? What is its function?

A

Melanin is a pigment produced by melanocytes (pigment cells) located in the stratum basale of the epidermis
Melanin helps to protect the skin from excess UV radiation
Melanin production increases upon exposure to the sun and darkens the skin

44
Q

Why do some individuals have darker skin than others?

A

People with dark skin have (1) more melanin pigment and (2) larger pigment granules

45
Q

How does the body react to acute sunburn?

A

Melanocytes in the stratum basale produce more melanin pigment
The stratum corneum sheds cells which might be damaged by UV radiation

46
Q

How does the body normally react to mutated skin cells?

A

DNA repair enzymes repair the mutated DNA before cells divide

47
Q

What are the two types of skin cancers?

A

cutaneous carcinomas and cutaneous melanomas

48
Q

skin cancer

  • More common
  • Develop from non pigmented epithelial cells
  • Slow to spread
  • Have a good cure rate
A

Carcinoma

49
Q

skin cancer

  • Less common
  • Develop from pigmented epithelial cells so appear dark
  • Spread quickly
  • Have a poor cure rate
A

Melanoma

50
Q

contact dermatitis

  • Caused by an immune system reaction to an allergen
  • Examples include poison ivy, shrimp, and metal jewelry
A

Allergic contact dermatitis

51
Q

contact dermatitis

  • Caused by irritating substance
  • Examples include diaper rash, dishpan hands
A

Irritant contact dermatitis

52
Q

What causes acne?

A
  • Overactive sebaceous glands brought about by hormonal changes
  • Sebum is trapped within the hair follicle before it can be released to the outside of the skin
  • Bacteria live in and eat the blocked sebum
53
Q

Why does a pimple appear inflamed?

A

Bacteria thrive in oil-clogged hair follicles and trigger an immune reaction

54
Q

What is a white head?

A

Dead bacteria plus the neutrophils (white blood cells) which destroyed them

55
Q

How does the integumentary system regulate body temperature? Why is this important?

A
  • Eccrine sweat glands secrete sweat which covers the skin
  • Sweat evaporates from the skin, carrying heat with it and thus cooling the body
  • It is important for homeostasis, or a steady range of body temperature, to be maintained so that enzymes catalyzing chemical reactions are not denatured (broken down) by extreme heat
56
Q

What are some things that cause body temperature to increase?

A
  • Increases in air temperature
  • Cellular metabolism in skeletal muscles
  • Infections
57
Q

How does the body lose heat?

A
  • Through radiation
  • Through conduction
  • Through evaporation
58
Q

decrease in body temperature brought about by exposure to the cold or too little subcutaneous fat

A

Hypothermia

59
Q

increase in body temperature brought about by increased air temperature, decreased evaporation cooling of the skin due to high humidity, increased exercise, infection

A

Hyperthermia

60
Q
  • Lack of the pigment melanin which results in albinism

- Lots of pigment becuase of more melanin pigment and/or larger pigment granules

A

Genetic factors that effect skin color

61
Q
  • Cyanosis (bluish coloration of skin caused by heart or respiratory problems
  • Jaundice (yellowish coloration of skin caused by liver problems)
A

Psychological factors that effect skin color

62
Q

-Sunlight darkens existing melanin and stimulates melanocytes to produce more pigment, thus darkening the skin

A

Environmental factors that effect skin color

63
Q

How does a shallow cut heal?

A

Epithelial cells are stimulated to divide more rapidly and fill in the gap

64
Q

What steps are involved in the healing of a deep cut?

A
  • Escaping blood forms a clot
  • Tissue fluid leaks into the clot
  • A scab is formed as the tissue fluid and blood dries
  • Fibroblasts form fibers which bind the wound edges together
  • Connective tissue stimulates cell division which fills in the gaps
65
Q

What is the Rule of Nines? Why is it important?

A

The way healthcare professionals determine the amount of skin surface area that is affected by a burn
Need to know the amount of surface area damaged so will know (1) how much skin might be required for a graft and (2) how much fluid will be needed to replace lost fluid

66
Q

What are some life span changes affecting the integumentary system?

A
  • Scaly skin
  • Age spots
  • Thinning epidermis
  • Reduced dermis
  • Fat loss
  • Wrinkling skin
  • Sagging skin
  • Less oil secretion by sebaceous glands
  • Decreased melanin production
  • Thinning hair
  • Decreased number of hair follicles
  • Impaired nail growth
  • Declining sensory receptors
  • Hard to control body temperature
  • Diminished ability to activate vitamin D

anatomy (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions