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anatomy > mid-term > Flashcards

mid-term Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomical position (or stance) of the human body?

A

Upright, face forward and palms facing forward

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2
Q

What kind of plane divides the body into equal right and left halves?

A

Midsagittal

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3
Q

What kind of plane divides the body into unequal right and left portions?

A

Parasagittal

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4
Q

What kind of plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions?

A

Transverse or cross-section or axial

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5
Q

What kind of plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions?

A

Coronal or frontal

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6
Q

Know the nine regions of the abdominopelvic cavity and some major superficial organs located in each.

A 
Right hypochondriac (liver)
Epigastric (liver, gallbladder, stomach, large intestine)
Left hypochondriac (stomach, large intestine)
Right lumbar (small intestine, large intestine)
Umbilical (small intestine, large intestine)
Left lumbar (small intestine, large intestine)
Right iliac (small intestine, large intestine)
Hypogastric (small intestine, large intestine, appendix, bladder)
Left iliac (small intestine, large intestine)
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7
Q

Know the four quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity and some major superficial organs located in each

A

Right upper quadrant (RUQ)- liver, gallbladder, stomach, large intestine, small intestine
Left upper quadrant (LUQ)- liver, stomach, large intestine small intestine, spleen
Right lower quadrant (RLQ)- large intestine, appendix, small intestine, bladder
Left lower quadrant (LLQ)- large intestine, small intestine, bladder

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8
Q

Provide a description for each of the terms of relative position used by anatomists. Also know how to use these terms properly

A

Superior vs inferior: above vs below
Anterior vs posterior: front vs back
Medial vs lateral: close to midline vs to the side
Ipsilateral vs contralateral: same side vs opposite side
Proximal vs distal: closer to truck vs farther away from the truck
Superficial vs deep: near surface of body vs deep within body
Prone vs supine: face down vs face up
Peripheral: more correctly used instead of superficial when referring to nerves and blood vessels

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9
Q

To what does the axial portion of the body refer?

A

trunk , neck, and head

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10
Q

nasal

A

nose

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11
Q

brachial

A

arm

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12
Q

popliteal

A

back of the knee

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13
Q

To what does the appendicular portion of the body refer?

A

Upper limbs and lower limbs

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14
Q

Where are the body cavities located?

A

In the axial portion of the body

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15
Q

What are the major anterior body cavities?

A

Thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic

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16
Q

What are the major posterior body cavities?

A

Cranial, vertebral

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17
Q

What are the major cavities within the head?

A

Cranal, frontal sinuses, sphenoidal sinus, orbital, middle ear, nasal, and oral

18
Q

What are the thoracic membranes covering the organs in the thoracic cavity?

A

Visceral pleura cover lungs; visceral pericardium covers heart

19
Q

What are the thoracic membranes lining the thoracic cavity?

A

Parietal pleural covers cavity around lungs; parietal pericardium covers cavity around heart or the mediastinum

20
Q

What is the abdominopelvic membrane covering the organs in the abdominopelvic cavity called?

A

Visceral peritoneum

21
Q

What is the abdominopelvic membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity called?

A

Parietal peritoneum

22
Q

Both visceral and pleural membranes are serous membranes. What does this mean?

A

They both secrete a slippery serous fluid that fills the “cavity” between the two membranes in order to decrease friction and allow organs to slide around in their cavities

23
Q

What are the four types of tissue which are found in all vertebrate animals?

A

Connective
Epithelial
Muscular
Nervous

24
Q

a group of similar cells performing a similar function

Ex: are the stomach, lungs, and heart which are made up of several tissues each

A

Tissue

25
Q

a group of tissues performing a specialized function

Ex: the digestive system is made up of these organs: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine

A

organ

26
Q

a collection of several organs functioning together

Ex: The cardiovascular system made up of these organs: heart and blood vessels
The respiratory system made up of these organs: nasal cavity, throat, trachea, lungs

A

Organ system

27
Q

collection of organ systems that carry on life processes

Ex: is a human with the various organ systems that he or she needs to live, including the digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine urinary, ect.

A

organism

28
Q

What are the four types of tissue and their major functions?

A

Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, and Nervous

29
Q

connects, supports, and transports

Examples are tendons, bone, adipose (fat), and blood

A

Connective

30
Q

contracts and relaxes to provide movement and produce heat.

Examples are skeletal (voluntary) muscle, smooth (involuntary) muscle, and cardiac (heart) muscle

A

Muscular

31
Q

contracts and relaxes to provide movement and produce heat.

Examples are skeletal (voluntary) muscle, smooth (involuntary) muscle, and cardiac (heart) muscle

A

Muscular

32
Q

conducts nervous impulses throughout the body or helps those that do.
Examples are neurons and neuroglial cells

A

nervous

33
Q

Name the types of epithelial tissue

A

Simple squamous, Simple cuboidal, Simple columnar, Pseudostratified columnar, and Stratified squamous

34
Q

single layer of flattened, irregularly-shaped cells connected to a basement membrane

A

Simple squamous

35
Q

single layer of cube-shaped cells laying on a basement membrane

A

Simple cuboidal

36
Q

single layer of column-shaped cells laying on a basement membrane

A

Simple columnar

37
Q
  • single layer of column-shaped cells laying a basement membrane
  • Appear to be two cell layers since the nuclei of the various cells may be close to the basement membrane or far away from the basement membrane
  • May have cilia and/or goblet cells
A

Pseudostratified columnar

38
Q

layers of strata of simple squamous cells, with only the bottom layer of cells laying on the basement membranes. Ex: the epidermis of the skin

A

Stratified squamous

39
Q

What three components are found in all connective tissue?

A 
Ground substance or matrix (noncellular)
Protein fibers (collagen, reticular, or elastic)
Specialized cells (fibroblasts and stem cells which produce new cells)
40
Q

What are the three types of connective tissue in vertebrae?

A

Fibrous (can be loose, dense, or adipose)
Supportive (can be cartilage or bone)
Fluid (can be blood of lymph)

41
Q

What are the three types of muscular tissue in vertebrates?

A

Skeletal (voluntary so we control its movement; attached to our bones)
Smooth (involuntary so we don’t control its contractions; lines out digestive tract)
Cardiac (involuntary so we don’t control its contractions; found in the heart

anatomy (19 decks)

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