nervous pt1 vocab Flashcards
nerve cell
neuron
an action potential
impulse
functional connection between the axon terminal of a neuron and the dendrite or cell body of another neuron or the membrane of another cell type
synapse
the chemical that an axon secretes at a synapse that stimulates or inhibits an effector (muscle or gland) or another neuron
neurotransmitters
part of a neuron that includes cytoplasm and a nucleus, and from which nerve processes extend
cell body
the process of a neuron that receives input from other neurons
dendrite
the process that conducts an impulse away from the neuron cell body. A nerve fiber
axon
The brain and spinal cord
central nervous system(CNS)
parts of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system(PNS)
Specialized cells of the nervous system that, depending on the type of neuroglia, produce myelin, maintain the ionic environment, provide growth factors that support neurons, provide structural support, and play a role in cell-to-cell communication
neuroglia
specialized structure associated with the peripheral end of a sensory neuron-specific to detecting a particular stimulus and triggering an impulse in response
sensory receptor
a muscle or gland, either of which can effect change in the body
effectors
motor pathways of the peripheral nervous system that lead to skeletal muscles
somatic nervous system
the motor portion of the peripheral nervous system that controls the viscera and operates without conscious effort
autonomic nervous system
lipid material that forms a sheath-like covering around some axons. it provides electrical insulation
myelin
lipid-rich layer formed from certain neuroglia that wraps around an axon providing insulation
Myelin sheath
fine, cytoplasmic threads that extend from the cell body to the axon for its entire length
Neurofilaments
(nissl bodies) membranous sacs in the cytoplasm of neurons that have ribosomes attached to their surfaces
Chromatophilic substance
outer layer formed from schwann cells on the exterior of some axons, outside of the myelin sheath
Neurilemma
the manu agps in the myelin sheath along axons of myelinated neurons of the peripheral nervous system
Nodes of ranvier
mass of neuron cell bodies outside the central nervous system
Ganglion(plural, ganglia)
neuron that conducts impulses from sensory receptors to the central nervous system
Sensory neuron
neuron within the CNS, often connection a sensory neuron and a motor neuron; internuncial or association neuron
Interneuron
1) the dense core of an atom, composed of protons and usually neutrons. 2) cellular organelle enclosed by double-layered, porous membrane and containing DNA 3) masses of interneuron cell bodies in the central nervous system
Nucleus(plural, nuclei)
